Adirondacks, New York State, US

HYDROCLIMATOLOGY
WATERSHEDS, RUNOFF, FORECASTING, AND
PREDICTION – 42 HOURS

Runoff – 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTOR: Daniel Ruiz Carrascal

March, 2019
 OUTLINE

MAIN FACTORS INFLUENCING THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF A RIVER CHANNEL

MEASURING RIVER VARIABLES

STREAMFLOW MONITORING

LONG-TERM WATER BALANCE

COMPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

SCARCITY INDEX

STORMWATER RUNOFF
MAIN FACTORS INFLUENCING THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE

SURFACE RUNOFF VS. STREAMFLOW

 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF A RIVER CHANNEL

Catskill creek, Catskill mountains, USA; source: personal collection

ALIGNMENT, CHARACTERISTIC CROSS SECTION, WIDTH, AVERAGE DEPTH,

BED MATERIAL, SANDBARS (IF PRESENT), RIVERBANKS, FLOODPLAIN,
RIPARIAN (RIVER BANK AND FLOODPLAIN) VEGETATION, WETLANDS
 MEASURING RIVER VARIABLES

http://www.concord.org/~btinker/GL/web/water/rivers_streams.html

DEPTH, WIDTH, WETTED PERIMETER, BANKFULL WIDTH

VELOCITY AND DISCHARGE
PROFILE ALONG THE RIVER'S COURSE
BED LOAD AND SUSPENDED LOAD
MEASURING RIVER VARIABLES
 STREAMFLOW MONITORING

LIMNIGRAPHIC AND
LIMNIMETRIC STATIONS

http://www.ucanr.org
 STREAMFLOW MONITORING
FIELD CAMPAIGNS 224-238 (03/02/2006-05/15/2007)
Water levels: 0.58 to 0.86 m; discharges: 4.153 to 14.636 m3/s

16,0

14,0

Q = 26,527d3,3583
R² = 0,9006
12,0
DISCHARGE, Q (m3/s)

10,0

8,0

6,0

4,0
0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2
WATER LEVEL, d (m)

Source:
CENTRAL HIDROELÉCTRICA DE CALDAS S.A. E.S.P. (CHEC)
HIDROLOGÍA - FLUVIOMETRÍA
REGISTRO HISTÓRICO DE AFOROS - CURVAS DE CALIBRACIÓN
DEPARTAMENTO: CALDAS MUNICIPIO: CHINCHINÁ CORRIENTE: RÍO CHINCHINÁ
ESTACIÓN: ENCUENTROS RÍO CLARO CÓDIGO: 6-958
LATITUD : 04º 59' 31" N LONGITUD : 75º 32' 60“W
 LONG-TERM WATER BALANCE

Q
W
ATMOSPHERE P E

Soil column S
GROUND R

Impermeable boundary
 http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.LDEO/.ClimateGroup/.VIC/.tot_P/.total_precipitation/figviewer.html?map.url=X+Y+fig-+colors+coasts+lakes+-fig

http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.LDEO/.ClimateGroup/.VIC/.tot_E/.total_evaporation/figviewer.html?map.url=X+Y+fig-+colors+coasts+lakes+-fig

expert
SOURCES .LDEO .ClimateGroup .VIC .tot_P .total_precipitation
SOURCES .LDEO .ClimateGroup .VIC .tot_E .total_evaporation
sub
Source: Mesa-Sánchez OJ, Vélez-Upegui JI, Giraldo-Osorio JD, and Quevedo-Tejada
DI. Regionalización de características medias de la cuenca con aplicación en la
estimación de caudales máximos. Posgrado en Aprovechamiento de Recursos
Hidráulicos, Facultad de Minas, Escuela de Geociencias y Medio Ambiente,
Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín.
 WATER SCARCITY

Water scarcity index for low water availability conditions

Source: Water scarcity in a tropical country? – revisiting the Colombian water resources (Domínguez et al., 2010)

http://documentacion.ideam.gov.co/openbiblio/bvirtual/021143/metodologia-calculo.pdf
 Discharge monthly data gathered at the gauge station 2701735 YARUMITO RMS-14
Medellín River, Aburrá Valley

Monthly data for the instrumental period spanning from Feb, 1980 to Dec, 2000

600

500
Monthly discharge [m3/s]

400

300

200

100

0
09/1984

05/1989
01/1980
08/1980
03/1981
10/1981
05/1982
12/1982
07/1983
02/1984

04/1985
11/1985
06/1986
01/1987
08/1987
03/1988
10/1988

12/1989
07/1990
02/1991
09/1991
04/1992
11/1992
06/1993
01/1994
08/1994
03/1995
10/1995
05/1996
12/1996
07/1997
02/1998
09/1998
04/1999
11/1999
06/2000
Date [mm/yyyy]

Mean discharge in m3/s Maximum discharge in m3/s

Ndata = 248 months; Qmax/Qmed in the range [1.69 ; 8.58]

 Discharge monthly data gathered at the gauge station 2701735 YARUMITO RMS-14
Medellín River, Aburrá Valley

Monthly data for the instrumental period spanning from Feb, 1980 to Dec, 2000

100

90

80
Mean monthly discharge [m3/s]

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
DISCHARGE OR FLOW DURATION CURVE AND MINIMUM DISCHARGES

Flow-duration curve for the gauge station 2701735 YARUMITO RMS-14

Medellin River, Aburrá Valley

Monthly data for the instrumental period Feb, 1980 to Dec, 2000

Interval class N m Frequency

>110 m3/s 1 1 0,403
>100 AND <110 7 8 3,226
>90 AND <100 8 16 6,452
>80 AND <90 15 31 12,500
>70 AND <80 18 49 19,758
>60 AND <70 28 77 31,048
>50 AND <60 25 102 41,129
>40 AND <50 34 136 54,839
>30 AND <40 48 184 74,194
>20 AND <30 51 235 94,758
<20 m3/s 13 248 100,000
DISCHARGE OR FLOW DURATION CURVE AND MINIMUM DISCHARGES

Flow-duration curves for several of the De Soto, Topeka, Wamego, and Fort Riley USGS
INTERVAL CLASSES gauging stations along the Kansas River

p = m values in each interval class (cumulative) / N 97.5%

Qmin
Source: http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/KR/kr_hydro.html
 COMPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
See SCARCITY INDEX: http://www.wri.org/our-work/project/aqueduct/aqueduct-atlas
http://www.icbf.gov.co/cargues/avance/docs/resolucion_minambientevdt_0865_2004.htm
In Colombia: Qenv= 25% del caudal medio mensual multianual más bajo de la corriente en estudio

Low aquatic life

diversity

Large fish Aquatic life Fresh water for Good fishing

kills under stress human consumption waters
WATER-QUALITY DEPENDENT
WEIGHTING FACTOR, kq (t,s)

Permitted but not recommended for

1.00

human consumption

DO concentration
for 100% air
saturated water at
sea level
0.75

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
DISSOLVED OXYGEN [mg/l]
COMPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

STORMWATER RUNOFF