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560,640+504,500+437,080+436,000+429,500+405,000+362,000+
335,000 + 330,000
(a) Mean =
10
4,144,220
= 10
= 414,422
429,500
Median =
405,000
= 417,250
The mean is 414,422 while the median is 417,250. The states prefer is Whiting, Indiana
as the mean and median result is most closely to the capacity of the state.
= 230,640
= 92,580
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Range means the actual spread of the data. It does not measure the spread of the majority
of values in a data set. However, interquartile range is used to measure the spread and
(c) Variance:
1
(560,640²+ 504,500²+ 437,080²+ 436,000²+ 429,500²+ 405,000²+ 362,000²+
10
344,500²+ 335,000²+ 330,000²) – 414,422²
= 1
(1,769,316,886,000) – 171,745,594,084
10
= 5,186,094,516
= 72,014,54
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Question 2:
= 32.91
1(194,025) – 1,083.07
(b) Variance =
170
= 1141.32 – 1083.07
= 58.25
= 7.63
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Question 3:
51.4 64.3
= – (0.1396) ( )
9 9
= 5.711 – 0.974
= 4.737
(64.3)( 51.4)
440.46−
9
B=
(64.3) 2
538.97−
9
440.46−367.22
=
538.97 – 14.29
73.24
=
524.68
= 0.1396
Y = 4.737 + 0.1396 x
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Correlation coefficient,
(64.3)(51.4)
440.46−
9
r=
√( 538.97−
64.32
9 )( 460.1−
51.4 2
9
)
440 .46−367.22
=
(8.918)(166.55)
73.24
= 1485.29
= 0.0493
This means there is strong positive linear relationship between the sales, y and the
production quantity x .
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Question 4:
(a)
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(b) Laspeyres price index for 2009, base year 2006
P0 Pt qt Pt q t P 0 qt
2.75 3.10 9 27.9 24.75
0.85 0.95 61 57.95 51.85
1.33 1.36 25 34 33.25
Total 119.85 109.85
119.85
x 100 = 109.1
109.85
Question 5:
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P(a∧b) 0.36
(b) = = 0.6429 = 64.29%
P( a) 0.56
P(a∧b) 0.36
(c)
P( b)
= 0.90 = 0.4= 40%
(d) P (a or b) = P (b) + P(a) - (P(a and b) = 0.56+ 0.4-0.36 =0.6
(f) The chance on not using process improvement is 1 – P (b) = 1 – 0.4 = 0.6
P( a∧not b) 0.2
P(not b)
= 0.6
= 0.3333 = 33.33%
Coursework
Question 1: Explain in your own words the points to note when interpreting the
correlation coefficient.
Page 8 of 10
There are certain points to note when examining the relationship between two
variables on the basis of sample data. Sometimes, a correlation that equals to zero or
close to zero does not imply that the two variables are unrelated. The two variables might
Since both the Pearson’s, rand Spearman’s, p measure the linear relationship, the
Also, the existence of high correlation between two variables does not necessarily
explain why the relationship exists. Specifically, the large correlation coefficient does not
mean that one variable is the sole factor that causes the effect on the second variable and
vice versa.
Question 2: Find the mean deviation for the following data: 12, 6, 3, 7, 8, 10, 11.
Solution:
Mean =
Page 9 of 10
7
The variance and standard deviation (square root of variance) are the measures of the
average scatter around the mean. In other words, they measure the fluctuations of data
values above and below its mean. The variance possesses certain useful mathematical
properties. However, its computation results in squared units such as squared percentages
squared ringgit and squared centimeters. Thus, the primary measure of variation is the
standard deviation, as the value of this measurement is in the original unit of the data.
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