CHAPTER 10 : Groundwater Development
5% of the important
Groundwater
- Groundwater is the water
present beneath Earth's surface
in soil pore spaces and in the
fractures of rock formations.
- Groundwater is also often
withdrawn for agricultural,
municipal, and industrial use by
constructing and operating
extraction wells.
- Groundwater is often cheaper,
more convenient and less
vulnerable to pollution than
surface water. Therefore, it is
commonly used for public water
supplies.
- In the Water Distribution of the
World Groundwater contributes
the 30% of the 2.
to develop
freshwater of the world
Groundwater in the Philippines
- In the Philippines, Groundwater
contributes 14% of the total
Aquifer
water resource potential of the
Philippines. Region X (Northern
Mindanao) has the lowest
potential source of groundwater,
while Regions I (Ilocos Region)
and VII (Central Visayas) have the
highest potential. (source:
Philippine Environment Monitor
2003)
- Based on the water rights granted
by the National Water Resources
Board (NWRB) since 2002, 49
percent of groundwater is
consumed by the domestic
Stages in Groundwater Exploration
sector, and the remaining shared
Program
by agriculture (32 percent),
industry (15 percent), and other
sectors (4 percent).
Groundwater Development
- Developing groundwater for
water supply can involve various
different activities, depending on
the hydrogeological
environment, how much
groundwater is needed and what
it will be used for. It is usually also
groundwater sources sustainably,
so that the groundwater resource
is protected and maintained for
future supplies.
- An aquifer is an underground
layer of water-bearing permeable
rock, rock fractures or
unconsolidated materials (gravel,
sand, or silt). Groundwater can
be extracted using a water well.
- 2 types of aquifers; Unconfined,
are aquifers that are more nearer
to the water table, and Confined,
are aquifers that are overlain by a
confining layer (Aquitard), often
made up of clay.
- Project Management
- Siting Boreholes
- Reconnaissance
- Hydrogeological Fieldwork
- Geophysical Surveying
- Borehole Drilling
- Drilling Supervision
- Collecting information
during drilling
- Designing & Constructing
Water Points
 - Borehole testing Disadvantages of Using Groundwater
- Assessing Source Yield Supply
- Assessing Water Quality
- Surface Subsidence
Groundwater Source - If pollutants penetrates the
aquifer it has a long residence
- Springs
time
- Hand-dug wells
- Not all Groundwater are always
- Boreholes
suitable for drinking
- Collector Wells
- Infiltration Gallery How to Maintain Groundwater Supply
- Qanats
- Avoid multiple pumping wells
- Artesian Well
that can cause interference
Advantages of Using Groundwater between cones of depression
Supply - Recharge zones should be
protected
- Rocks act as a natural filter
- Ensure adequate water
- No loss of water through
flow
evaporation
- Ensure quality
- Pumping cost low
- Many watershed management
- Ground water generally does not
actions are taken to protect
get polluted, if it is away (at least
quality
20 mtr.) from the sanitary works.
The water gets filtered while
percolating through sand &
stones. Therefore groundwater
remains pure and clean.
- Temperature of deep water
remains stable. It feels cool in
summer and warm in winter.