P&ID- PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DESIGN

 General Guidelines on how to read Line number and specifications

1- E.g.: 3”-PR-1-AA23-C

3”- Here the number denotes the line size

PR- Denotes the fluid code

1- Denotes the line sequence number

AA23- where AA denotes the pound rating and material selection, 2 Denotes the corrosion
Allowance (C.A) AND

3 Denotes the utility sequence

C- denotes the insulation where C is for Cold and HC is for hot insulation.

 Design Temperature and Pressure

If the operating temperature is less than 80°C we consider it as 80°C as the design temperature
,here is called the solar radiation temperature
If the Operating pressure is < 2 bar(g) then we add 2 bar(g)
If the Operating pressure is > 2 bar(g) then we multiply 1.1
TYPE USE

Globe valve Control systems

Ball valve Hydrocarbon system
Gate valve Utilities
Needle valve Thin pipes
Buttery-fly valve Pipe size greater than 10”

Different types of Valve

1. Gate valve: Gate valves are designed for fully open or fully closed service. They are installed in
pipelines as isolating valves, and should be used as control or regulating valves.

2. Full Bore Valve: The inner diameter of the pipe coming into a full bore valve is the same
diameter as the flow path through the valve body and out through the other side of the valve.
Most full bore valves are two-way, quarter –turn ball valves.

(i) It has a straight flow path

(ii) Offers little or no resistance to flow
(iii) The flow path through the valve does not become narrower on the inside

3. Reduced bore valve: In reduced port ball valves, flow through the valve is one pipe size
smaller than the valves pipe size, resulting in flow area being smaller than pipe. As the flow
discharge remains constant and is equal to area of flow (A) TIMES VELOCITY (v),
A1V1 = A2V2, the velocity increases with reduced area of flow.

4. 3-way ball valve: There are two common configurations- The T-port and the L-port. While they
do share some characteristics, they have some pretty big differences as well. Two channels
meet at 90° angle for the L-port. The T – port has a T shaped set of channels with three
openings meeting in the middle of the ball. When the handle is turned, the ball rotates,
allowing the liquid or gas to under pressure to flow to whichever channels open to it.

5. Plug valve: Plug valves are cylindrical or conically tapered plugs which can be rotated inside
the valve body to control flow through the valve. The plugs in plug valves have one or more
hollow passage ways going sideways through the plug, so that fluid can flow through the plug
when valve is open. Plug valve are simple and often economical

6. Globe valve: A globe valve, different from ball valve, is a type of valve used for regulating flow
in a pipeline, consisting of a movable disk-type element and a stationary ring seat in a
generally spherical body.

7. Y Globe Valve: the Y pattern globe valves offer low pressure drop compared to vertical globe
valves, they have excellent resistance to the effects of thermal cycling. It has low stroking due
 to: radial thrust bearings, non-rotating stem and impactor hand wheel which is 3-10 times
more effective than standard hand wheel, also it has a quick and easy repair line.

8. Angle Valve: A manually operated valves with its outlet opening oriented at right angles to its
inlet opening: used for regulating the flow of fluid in a pipe.

9. Butterfly Valve: A valve consisting of a rotating circular plate or a pair of hinged semicircular
plates, attached to a transverse spindle and mounted inside a pipe in order to regulate or
prevent flow.

10. Y-Strainer: Y-strainers are devices for mechanically removing unwanted solids from liquid, gas
or stream lines by means of a perforated mesh straining element. They are used in pipelines
to protect pumps, meters, control valves, steam traps, regulators and other process
equipment’s.

CHECK VALVES:
These are non-return, reflux valve, retention valve or one way valves that allow the fluid to
flow through only in one direction.

1. Swing: contains a valve body, bonnet and disk attached to a hinge. The disk swings away from
the flow to allow the fluid to pass through. When it’s fixed in the bonnet no flow is allowed.
The weight of the disc and return flow has an impact on the shut off characteristics of the
valve. Used in flush-toilet mechanisms

2. Lift: A disc, called the lift can be lifted up off its seat by higher pressure of inlet or upstream
fluid to allow downstream flow. A guide keeps motion of the disc on a vertical line, so that the
valve can later reseat properly. When pressure is no longer higher, gravity or the downstream
higher pressure can lower the lift back into the place stopping the flow.

3. Tilt Disk: consists of a single circular disc restrained by two metal struts. These are attached to
the metal ring and prevent the disc from escaping in the either direction

4. Dual plate: it consists of two check valves in series. One check valve will still act if the other
valve is open. Closure of the second valve reduces pressure differential across the other.
Allowing more reliable flow stop, avoiding even minor leakages. Used in combi-boiler systems