10.

8.0

Residual Cu Conc. (mg / L)

6.0

4.0 Without Fe(III)

2.0 Fe(III) 10 mg/L addition
Fe(III) 25 mg/L addition
Fe(III) 50 mg/L addition
0.4 Fe(III) 100 mg/L addition
0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
Polymer flocculant dosage (mL/L)
 0.8 0.6

0.7 0.5 Cu Conc.

Residual metal conc. (mg / L)

Cd Conc.
Residual Cu Conc. (mg / L)

0.6 Pb Conc.
0.4
Fe Conc.
0.5
0.3

0.4 Cu 5 mg/L
Cu 10 mg/L 0.2
Cu 25 mg/L
0.3 Cu 50 mg/L
0.1
Cu 100 mg/L
0.2
0.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
0.1
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Polymer flocculant dosage (mL/L)
Polymer flocculant dosage (mL/L)

7.8
1.4
8
1.2
Residual metal Conc. (mg / L)

7.6

7 1.0

0.8 Cu Conc.

pH
7.4
6 Fe Conc.
0.6 pH
pH

5 0.4
Cu 5 mg/L 7.2

Cu 10 mg/L
0.2
4 Cu 25 mg/L
Cu 50 mg/L 0.0 7.0
Cu 100 mg/L 4 6 8 10
3
Time (h)

0 20 40
Time (min)
 0.6

0.6
42.5 mL/min 0.5 HRT X 1.0

Residual Cu Conc. (mg / L)

Residual Cu Conc. (mg / L)

85.0 mL/min HRT X 0.5

0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2

0.1
0.1

0.0
0.0
Entire Limestone Rapid Slow Sedimentation
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 process aeration mixing mixing
Polymer flocculant dosage (mL/L) bed
Stages in copper removal process