ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS:

TEST 1:
General Knowledge
1) (c) – Om Prakash Rawat is the Chief Election Commissioner of India while Sunil
Arora and Ashok Lavasa are additional Election Commissioners. The other Deputy
Election Commissioners serving currently are Umesh Sinha, Sandeep Saxena and
Sudeep Jain.
2) (c) – Interstitium is the 80th organ in the human body and might be the biggest organ.
It was discovered while investigating a patient’s bile duct. It is a network of
interconnected, fluid-filled spaces all over the body and is found everywhere in
human bodies, acting as a shock absorber in all places where tissues are moved or
subjected to force.
3) (b) – The ICBM Sarmat has the capacity to reach any point in the world and is a
heavy liquid propellant ICBM capable of carrying nuclear charges. This missile’s
objective is to replace the R-36M2 Voyevoda ICBM, which is Russia’s only Strategic
Missile Force since 1988.
4) (d) – SLCM BABUR has a range of 450 kms. Also, Babur succeeded Ibrahim Lodi to
become the king and thus began the mighty reign of the Mughal Empire.
5) (b) – Apart from Finland, we find that three other Scandinavian countries – Norway,
Denmark and Iceland – are ranked 2nd, 3rd and 4th respectively on the index. India’s
rank is 133rd and is way behind its neighbors Pakistan (75th) and China (86th).
6) (a) – Recently, the Union Law Ministry was preparing to file a review petition against
the Supreme Court’s ruling on the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes
(Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 that puts a stop to immediate arrests in
complaints filed under its provisions.
7) (d) – Kadaknath chicken breed is unique for its black colour due to its black feathers.
It is popular for its adaptability and flavourful good-tasting black meat, that is
believed to have medicinal properties. The chicken is also the “bone of contention”
between Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh as both States stake their claim over its
nativity for the GI tag.
8) (a) – The World Consumer Rights Day (WCRD) is celebrated every year on March
15th to pay solidarity with the international consumer movement and give more
 attention to promote the basic rights of consumers. This year the theme promoted is
“Making Digital Marketplaces Fairer”.
9) (c) – It connects UP Gate to Rajnagar Extension and will make it easier to commute
between Delhi and Ghaziabad. It is a six-lane road and is approximately 10
kilometres long. It has been built at a cost of Rs. 11,000 crores.
10) (d) – The shipment was imported by state-owned GAIL on board its chartered LNG
ship ‘Meridian Spirit from Cheniere Energy’s Sabine Pass LNG export facility in
Louisiana.
11) (c) – Removal of restrictions on the export will provide additional marketing avnues
for edible oils and oilseeds.
12) (b) – The CCRAS is an autonomous body under the Ministry of AYUSH and is the
apex body in India for formulation, coordination, development and promotion of
research on scientific lines in Ayurveda and Sowa-Rigpa system of medicine.
13) (c) – The technique was used to discover and characterize the faraway planet that is
located very close to its host star.
14) (a) – It was founded in May 1975 after the Treaty of Lagos was signed. Its mandate
is to promote economic integration in all fields of activity of constituting countries. It
consists of Benin, Cape Verde, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea
Bissau, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo.
15) (d) – The six states are Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha and Uttar
Pradesh. The objective of the Saubhagya Scheme is to achieve universal household
electrification in all parts of the country.
16) (d) – Food items will be carried by Japan Post in special cool boxes containing
refrigerant to preserve the quality of the food items.
17) (b) – The museum is established at an area of 6,691 sqft and is fully dedicated to
insects.
18) (a) – The villages are located in the Kamrup district and as part of the MoU, the AAI
will provide financial assistance of Rs. 4.58 crores for Kamrup district under its
Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) initiative.
19) (d) – The ISA is headquartered at the National Institute of Solar Energy in
Gurugram, Haryana and is the first intergovernmental treaty based organization to be
headquartered in India.
20) (c) – The solarifiation brings down the electricity bill by 40% and also helps fight
global warming.
21) (b) – The Brazzaville declaration was signed to promote better management and
conservation in the world’s largest tropical peatlands – Cuvette Centrale region in
Congo Basin from unregulated land use and prevent its drainage and degradation.
22) (c) – The ICMR is India’s apex scientific body for the formulation, coordination and
promotion of biomedical research. it is headquartered in New Delhi and functions
under the Department of Health Research, Union Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare. The Konchon Prize is awarded annually by Stop TB Partnership to
individuals and organizations that have made significant contribution to combating
the disease.
23) (b) – The Chhattisgarh Water Resources Department received the national award for
the first time during the past 17 years.
24) (c) – The Secretariat is fully financed by the Government of India and was provided
with a grant of Rs. 33 crore. The aim of the secretariat is to present Hindi as a
common man’s language - “Janbhasha” – in front of the world.
25) (d) – JS Rajput is former Director of NCERT and is known for his contributions in
reforms in school education and teacher education.
26) (c) – Bidya Devi Bhandari became the President in 2015. She defeated Kumari
Laxmi Rai in this election.
27) (d) – It was discovered near Laisohum village in Mawsynram area in East Khasi
Hills district of Meghalaya. The cave is 24.5 km in length and is known for its
complex cave systems hidden under its undulating hills. This cavern is more than
6000 meters longer than world record-holder Cueva Del Saman in Edo Zulia,
Venezuela.
28) (c) – The tribunal will have three members – SC Judge AM Khanwilkar (Chairman)
would be assisted by Justice Ravi Ranjan and Justice Indwermeet Kaur Kochar. The
tribunal will determine water sharing among basin states on basis of overall
availability of water in complete Mahanadi basin, contribution and present utilization
of water resources in each state and potential for future development
29) (a) – The day is observed to commemorate the discovery of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, bacillus (bacteria) causing TB by German microbiologist Robert Koch.
The theme for this year was “Wanted: Leaders for a TB-free world”.
30) (b) – Also known as Naipunya Ratham, it was launched in the state’s capital
Amaravathi by Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu. It is part of Smart Village
Smart Ward Programme and will facilitate and look to improve digital literacy, digital
 skills and create awareness on various government schemes that are underway in
Andhra Pradesh.
31) (d) – Robert Langlands is best known as the founder of Langlands program, a vast
web of conjectures and results connecting representation theory and automorphic
forms to study of Galois groups in number theory. Pulitzer Prize is an award for
achievements in newspaper, magazine and online journalism, literature and musical
composition in the United States. The Wolf Prize is an international award granted in
Israel for outstanding achievement in the fields of agriculture, chemistry,
mathematics, medicine, physics and art. Kavli Prize is awarded for outstanding
contributions in Astrophysics, Nanoscience and Neuroscience.
32) (c) – INS Ganga (F22) was a Godavari-class guided-missile frigate of the Indian
Navy and was built by Mazagon Dock Limited, Mumbai.
33) (c) – In 2013, the Supreme Court had asked the Law Commission to examine
whether death penalty is deterrent punishment or is retributive justice or serves an
incapacitative goal. In its 2015 Report, the Commission headed by Justice AP Shah
had proposed abolition of capital punishment for non-terrorism cases.
34) (a) – The device is capable of examining traces of uranium in sample of water.
Uranium is a radioactive element and the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board has fixed
permissible radiological limit to 60 PPB of uranium concentration for drinking water.
35) (d) – IEA is an inter-governmental organization that was established in 1974 as per
framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
According to the IEA, the global energy-related carbon dioxide emissions rose to a
historic high of 32.5 gigatonnes in 2017.
36) (c) – The commission was tasked to examine extent of inequitable distribution of
benefits of reservation among castes included in broad category of OBCs, especially
with reference to OBCs included in the Central list.
37) (c) – AWBI is a statutory advisory body established under Section 4 of the
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960. It consists of 28 members who serve for
a period of 3 years.
38) (d) – HelTaxi provides connectivity between Airport and Electronic City, that is
home to hundreds of technology firms, including Infosys and multinationals. It has
reduced the travelling time from two hours by road to 15 minutes.
39) (d) – The name “Scotland Yard” derives from the location of the original
Metropolitan headquarters at 4 Whitehall Place, which had a rear entrance on a street
called Great Scotland Yard.
40) (c) – Marshall Islands is an island country located near the equator in the Pacific
Ocean. It will be partnering with Israeli fintech startup Neema to launch its SOV. It
will have equal status with the US dollar as form of payment.
41) (d) – The Rooppur Nuclear Project being set up near Dhaka, Bangladesh will have a
capacity of 2*1200 MWs and is Bangladesh’s first atomic energy project. After
commissioning, Bangladesh will be the third South Asian country after India and
Pakistan to harness atomic energy for energy purpose.
42) (d) – The EBRD invests in 38 emerging economies across three continents with
predefined set of criteria that aim to make its countries more competitive, better
governed, greener, more inclusive, more resilient and more integrated. It works only
in countries that are committed to democratic principles, using investment as tool to
build market economies.
43) (a) – The one month exercise was the largest military drill in the region and was
aimed to raise military readiness of participating countries, modernize joint
mechanisms and enhance coordination and cooperation.
44) (a) – Balkrishna Doshi is a pioneer of low-cost housing design and is the 45th Pritzker
Prize laureate. He is one of the last living architects to have apprenticed with Franco-
Swiss trailblazer Le Corbuseir distinguished his work by committing to sustainable
architecture and inexpensive housing.
45) (b) – The border passes through five Indian states – Assam, Tripura, Mizoram,
Meghalaya and West Bengal.
46) (c) – Burundi was the first country to withdraw in 2017 and earlier, South Africa had
attempted to withdraw in 2016 but the withdrawal was revoked by the United
Nations. Recently, Philippines announced its withdrawal from the ICC citing reason
of international bias.
47) (a) – Daman and Diu generates total of 13 MW of electricity from solar power
generating facilities daily.
48) (a) – The festival brings together finest productions of well-known theatre
practitioners from around the world. The theme of the festival is “Flag of Friendship”.
49) (b) – Out of the 23 cities across India, Pune ranked first and was followed by
Kolkata, Thiruvananthapuram, Bhubaneshwar and Surat in that order.
 50) (b) – Durand Cup and Subroto Cup are both tournaments related to football while
Sultan Ibrahim Ismail Hockey Tournament is an under-21 men’s field hockey
tournament held in Malaysia.

Legal Reasoning
51) (a) – The maid was aware that there was some oil left on the plates and did not take
reasonable care to clean the plate properly. The omission to clean the plate resulted in
the baby getting hurt. Therefore, Aditi is liable for causing injuries to the baby even if
she did not intend to cause the harm.
52) (c) – Look at the principle. The servant was working for the dealer and was in-charge
of the shop when the accident took place. There is no mention of whether the acts
committed by the servant need to be authorized by the master for the latter to be
liable. Therefore, any act committed by the servant, even an act that involved putting
marbles on the road, would make the dealer liable.
53) (c) – “Applied Retrospectively” means a law being applied to an instance of the past.
The policemen had seen Anvad in an inebriated state in the past. The law prohibiting
public drinking had not been passed yet. Therefore, Anvad cannot be prosecuted for
an act of the past. However, if he was to repeat the same act after the law came into
force, he can be prosecuted.
54) (d) – As per the principle, a reason must have been provided for justifying the
distinction. Since no reasonable explanation is provided for the same, the act passed
was not valid as it treated students unequally.
55) (a) – The brothels are not sanctioned by law and as such, prostitution is an illegal
activity in India. Therefore, the activity cannot be taxed.
56) (c) – Texting less and giving someone space isn’t a valid consideration.
57) (d) – Read the principle carefully. Dheeraj was sober till his friends forced him to
drink more. Whatever his actions were after this would be covered under involuntary
intoxication.
58) (c) – There was no bet as such between two sports car owners. They had merely said
that the winner is entitled to a sum of Rs. 50 lakhs or more. Therefore, the winner can
claim the amount.
59) (b) – Read the principle carefully. It clearly mentions that ignorance is no excuse and
merely the act of killing somebody is wrong is something that should be known to
him.
60) (d) – Read the principle carefully. Dev is killed and Neel stays back with him.
Presently, only five people are proceeding towards Nalsarpur and eventually loot the
town. A new character by the name Kalia helps them escape. Therefore, more than
five people were eventually involved in getting away with the act of looting
Nalsarpur.
61) (d) – Anwar wanted to buy a show horse from Bakshi and he should have thoroughly
inspected the horse to see if there was any abnormality. For example, Principle ii
clearly mentions that the seller is bound to disclose any defects that might influence
the decision of the buyer as long as these defects are not visible easily. Therefore,
Anwar cannot claim that Bakshi had hidden the fact that the horse did not have a few
teeth and the contract will be valid.
62) (c) – The three people were lost in the jungle and there was no situation that had
arisen that somebody’s life had to be taken to protect someone from unavoidable
greater harm. Therefore, Basani and Chandini shall be liable for murder.
63) (c) – The act of throwing stones is definitely going to hurt someone and this can be
said to assert that their intent was to hurt someone. Mens rea is knowledge or the
intention of knowing that the act being committed is wrong. Therefore, Avani and
Bhuvana clearly knew that their actions could hurt somebody and yet, they proceeed
to commit it.
64) (b) – Nowhere in the factual situation is it mentioned that Manju was in a master-
servant relationship with Parika. Therefore, (b) is the correct answer.
65) (d) – Read the principle carefully. There is no mention in the principle about
reasonable precautions or negligence on part of the person who brings a dangerous
thing onto his land. There is absolute liability on part of the owner if such a substance
causes destruction in the event of its leakage/escape. Options (a) and (b) are not
correct. The act of building a toxic waste disposal unit was done by Matthew and if
the toxic waste was to leak from this unit, Matthew would be responsible for the
damage caused by such leakage. If the leakage was covered by Act of God, then
Matthew might not have been liable but the principle has no mention of defence of
Act of God.
66) (c) – The Baba had not acted in a wrongful manner when Jyotsna had sought his
advice. He was aware that a dam was being constructed and this would lead to her
land being submerged. He bought the land himself, with the hope that nobody was
affected. If the Baba had known that the Supreme Court was due to pass such an order
 prohibiting the construction of the dam, then Jyotsna could have alleged that the Baba
had unduly influenced her to sell the land since she was his disciple and swore by his
advice.
67) (d) – The action taken by the policeman was merely to reduce the damage being
caused by the fire. It was an act of necessity and any consequences arising from such
acts would be valid.
68) (a) – Rahul has murdered two different people – Sunishth and Sadifa. He will be
prosecuted for both murders and would not be entitled to the right against double
jeopardy.
69) (d) – If not for Mark parking his car in that manner, Laveez would have reached the
hospital in time and his minor injury would not have been this bad.
70) (d) – Siddharth had committed an offence by plucking the flowers and despite the ill-
will that Mayank had towards Siddharth, he did nothing wrong in reporting the
plucking.
71) (b) – Read the principle carefully.
72) (a) – The scheme is solely a policy matter and does not involve a law. By not
implementing the scheme, the Government has not violated any law. The Supreme
Court can only intervene in matters where there has been a violation of a legal right
and direct the Government to proceed in a certain manner. However, as per the
principle, there is no law in place here and therefore, no right arises from this scheme.
73) (b) – The boy was a minor and even if Adwait did not know this fact, he still cannot
claim the money because he had entered into a contract with a minor, thereby making
the contract void from the beginning.
74) (a) – The terrorists had taken the police official hostage because they wanted to
avenge their comrade. They made no demands of ransom and as per the principle, a
death penalty is only awarded when abduction takes place with a demand for a
ransom.
75) (d) – In the factual situation, there is mention of the word “indiscriminately” and this
clearly indicates that the troops were acting in a manner that was not permitted by the
law. Even the senior-most police officer should not have ordered the firing on the
crowd as it simply leads to aggravation of the situation. Therefore, they cannot claim
immunity under law.
76) (c) – Harsh was not aware that Quentin and Xavier were playing. He misunderstood
the actions and acted in a manner to defend his brother’s body. Therefore, he would
not be guilty of murdering Quentin.
77) (c) – The road is a public place and is to be enjoyed by everyone. By extending her
possessions of the stall to the road, she could be causing nuisance to the general
public that is using the road. Note that option (c) states that she “can” be hampering
the movement on the road and would have to face charges of nuisance if someone
files a complaint.
78) (b) – Ammaar was simply a tenant in Juhi’s house. Juhi cannot expect Ammaar to
have taken care of the wiring and had only warned him of it, without asking him to
repair it. Therefore, Ammaar was not negligent in any manner whatsoever when the
accident was caused.
79) (b) – The correct option is self-explanatory.
80) (a) – If diving was prohibited, the swimming pool should not have had a diving board
in the first place. The authorities should have taken reasonable care to make sure that
diving was not permitted and should have also taken care to clearly indicate to the
users of the pool that diving was prohibited by displaying a more obvious warning
sign.
81) (c) – Surakshit owed a duty of care to the visitors of his house premises and he
should have taken care that people were made aware that construction work was in
progress.
82) (b) – The driver was a servant of the Venky Stores and by negligently leaving the
horse carriage unattended, he had committed a wrong during the course of
employment. The consequence of this negligence was the injuries that Prithvi
suffered due to the horse running amuck. Therefore, Venky Stores would be liable for
the injuries that Prithvi had to suffer.
83) (b) – Harshit did not dishonestly take the book from Uttkarsh’s house as he had full
intention to return it. Another aspect of looking at this factual scenario and still
holding it to be not a theft is how Harshit did not take the book out of Utkarsh’s
possession as it was simply lying in the latter’s house. However, this is a very twisted
interpretation of the principle and must be resorted to being used when an answer
choice of that kind is given in the options.
84) (a) – The intention with which Malavika had taken the ring from the original place
was dishonest as she intended to retrieve it from under the sofa.
85) (d) – Read the principle carefully. There is mention of how a person must forewarn
visitors about dangerous animals, if kept by one. Rishabh had failed to make it known
to his visitors that he had a lion at his house. It does not matter if the lion was
friendly.
86) (b) – The conductor is an employee of the school. Though he was not authorized to
drive the bus, he did act in that manner during the course of his employment, thereby
causing injuries.
87) (d) – Kaza was driving in the right direction but without headlights. Aruna was
negligently walking in a narrow one-way lane without any streetlights. She could
have avoided the situation.
88) (b) – Sanchit took precautions to make sure that none of the invitees to the party got
themselves into danger by making sure that the pool was inaccessible. If Sanchit had
not taken enough care, then, probably, he would have been held liable.
89) (d) – Rishu could have taken enough precautions by covering the tank where the cow
dung and other wastes were stored. By not doing so, he caused unreasonable and
unnecessary inconvenience to his neighbours. Therefore, he is liable for the
inconvenience. The piece of information about Srishti buying milk for him is to
confuse the test-taker into believing that somehow Srishti can’t take action against
Rishu.
90) (c) – Self-explanatory.
91) (c) – The possession were seized from Abhinav as part of the search and seize
protocol that is followed by the police. One of the constables, instead of performing
his duty fled with the silver. The police officials were negligent in that manner but the
State would not be vicariously liable, as per the principle.
92) (d) – Consensus ad idem means “meeting of the minds”. It was wrong of Hota to
assume that the shopkeeper would deliver the same variety of rice that was being
ordered for the past 12 years and it was wrong for the shopkeeper to assume that Hota
wanted Vaagmati variety. The contract was void.
93) (c) – Kevin was aware that Rudra was inebriated but knowledge of this fact did not
mean that Kevin had consented to undergo any injury.
94) (a) – Self-explanatory.
95) (d) – For a treaty to be binding on a country, the Parliament of Zainasia has to ratify
it. Dissolution of the Parliament does not mean that the ratification is no longer
required.
 96) (d) – If it is established that Khap Panchayats have been the custom since time
immemorial, then they can be made legal and any ruling passed by them would be
valid.
97) (c) – The correct option is self-explanatory.
98) (c) – Tevarsh was entitled to timely delivery of cake which was not provided by
Chaman Bahaar. Therefore, his legal right was violated, even if actual damage was
not caused.
99) (d) – Martha had asked Joseph to courier the package and even if she had not
explicitly not given permission for him to use the car, it cannot be said that the act
was not committed within the course of employment. Martha would definitely be
liable to her neighbor.
100) (a) – Read the principle carefully. Toby threatened to hit Caleb with a broken bottle
and thereby committed assault.

English
101) (d)
102) (a)
103) (c)
104) (d)
105) (d)
106) (b)
107) (a)
108) (b)
109) (b)
110) (c)
111) (d)
112) (c)
113) (a)
114) (d)
115) (b)
116) (b)
117) (c)
118) (c)
119) (d)
 120) (a)
121) (b)
122) (c)
123) (a)
124) (b)
125) (a)
126) (d)
127) (c)
128) (a)
129) (c)
130) (d)
131) (c)
132) (a)
133) (b)
134) (d)
135) (c)
136) (c)
137) (b)
138) (a)
139) (c)
140) (b)

Logical Reasoning
141) (a) – This option suggests that most other cities in the nation have actually
experienced a fall in crime rate. Hence, the judicial system cannot be entirely the
reason for the increase in crime rate.
142) (d) – While some studies show behavourial causation, there are others that show that
they might not necessarily be related. Hence, there can be no definite conclusion, and
we may only say that video game may cause aggression.
143) (a) – This establishes the most direct causal link between alcohol and liver damage.
144) (b) – Smoking has actually declined, so we may say that smoking is not the sole
cause for lung cancer.
145) (a) – The argument deals with parental behaviours signifying acceptance and
rejections. Therefore, a necessary assumption for maternal behaviour to be
designated to these attributes is that it conveys either acceptance or rejection.
146) (d) – All of the inferences can be reasonably drawn from the given premises.
147) (d) – Option (a) is incorrect as marijuana might be a chemical, but not a drug.
Option (b) is incorrect, as drugs and marijuana may not be overlapping sets. Option
(c) is incorrect as marijuana is a subset of chemicals, and therefore, there might be
some chemicals that are not marijuana.
148) (c) – This is the most direct inference that can be drawn form the given set of
statements.
149) (b) – Death is a necessary effect of leukemia. However, leukemia is not the only
cause of death, so the mere fact that she will die does not indicate that she has
leukemia.
150) (d) – The conclusion drawn in the question is that houses that have survived over a
century are more likely to withstand natural disasters. Option (d) most weakens this
conclusion.
151) (c) – Need for coordination is entailed by division of labour, and division of labour
is a characteristic of market economies.
152) (b) – The flaw in the statements given in the question is that kindness need not
necessarily be out of experiencing life’s challenges. In option (b) too, there is no
necessary causal relationship between sympathy and experiencing hardships.
153) (a) – The insurance company is targeting reducing its payouts by reimbursing for a
dental care treatment, so that the disease is not caused by bacterial substance
accumulation. Option (a), hence, most supports this argument.
154) (a) – Rachel attributes the reason to climatic conditions while Ross attributes it to
living expenses.
155) (a) – This option attributes sleeping well to reading, rather than to music, whereas
the contention in the question is between music and television. Therefore, this would
be the most weakening argument.
156) (c) – The assumption here is that the moot teams must perform well so as to attract
alumni funds. The law school expects a decline in alumni contributions because the
teams have not performed well that year.
157) (d) – Self explanatory
158) (b)
 159) (d)
160) (a) – Plutonium glitters; Everything that glitters is uranium; Therefore, plutonium
must be uranium.
161) (d)
162) (b)
163) (b)
164) (b)
165) (a)
166) (d)
167) (a)
168) (b)
169) (c)
170) (d)
171) (b)
172) (a)
173) (d)
174) (b)
175) (d)
176) (d)
177) (d)
178) (d)
179) (c)
180) (c)

Maths
181) (c)
182) (b)
183) (d)
184) (c)
185) (d)
186) (a)
187) (b)
188) (b)
189) (b)
190) (c)
191) (c)
192) (a)
193) (c)
194) (c)
195) (a)
196) (b)
197) (c)
198) (d)
199) (b)
200) (d)