SUBJECT 2 INTEGRAL

RELATIONSHIPS FOR A CONTROL

VOLUME
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
PROF.: J.J. DE FELIPE
AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING GRADE
 INDEX
1. BASIC TECHNIQUES OF FLUID ANALYSIS
2. SYSTEMS AND CONTROL VOLUMES
3. BASIC LAWS OF FLUID ANALYSIS
4. REYNOLDS TRANSPORT THEOREM
5. LAW CONSERVATION OF THE MASS
6. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
7. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF THE AMOUNT OF MOVEMENT
8. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF THE AMOUNT OF KINETIC MOVEMENT

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 7. LAW CONSERVATION OF THE AMOUNT OF
MOVEMENT
• This fundamental equation is obtained by combining the
Reynolds theorem with Newton's second law of motion, for a
fluid that passes through a control volume.
• The generic property "B" is the amount of movement:
𝑑𝐵𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑑𝐻𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑑 𝑚 ∗ 𝑣 𝑑𝑣
= = =𝑚∗ =𝑚∗𝑎 = 𝐹𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

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 7. LAW CONSERVATION OF THE AMOUNT OF
MOVEMENT
• The specific property per unit of mass "b" will be the velocity
𝐻𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑚 ∗ 𝑣
𝑏= = =𝑣
𝑚 𝑚
• Substituting in the Reynolds transport equation

𝑑
𝐹𝑉𝐶 = 𝜌𝑉𝐶 ∗ 𝑣 ∗ 𝑑𝑉 + 𝜌 ∗ 𝑣 ∗ 𝑣 ∗ 𝑑𝐴
𝑑𝑡
𝑉𝐶 𝐴𝐶

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 7. LAW CONSERVATION OF THE AMOUNT OF
MOVEMENT
• The sum of forces acting on the control volume must be equal
to the speed of accumulation of momentum in the control
volume plus the net flow of momentum that passes through the
surface of the control volume.
• The forces acting on the control volume can be surface forces
and mass forces.

𝐹𝑉𝐶 = 𝐹𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 + 𝐹𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 + 𝐹𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟

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7. LAW CONSERVATION OF THE AMOUNT OF
MOVEMENT

𝐹𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝜌𝑣𝑐 ∗ 𝑔 ∗ 𝑑𝑉
𝑉𝐶

𝐹𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = − 𝑝 ∗ 𝑑𝐴
𝐴𝐶

𝐹𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 = − 𝜏 ∗ 𝑑𝐴
𝐴𝐶 6
 7. LAW CONSERVATION OF THE AMOUNT OF
MOVEMENT FOR NON-INERTIAL SYSTEMS
• In the case that the system is not inertial and carries an
acceleration with respect to the inertial system. As you can
see in the figure.

Source: Mecánica de Fluidos: Breve introducción teórica con problemas resueltos. J.M.
Berguedà. Iniciativa digital Politécnica. 2012
 7. LAW CONSERVATION OF THE AMOUNT OF
MOVEMENT FOR NON-INERTIAL SYSTEMS
• The momentum of this particle is defined with respect to the
inertial reference system as:
𝛿𝐻𝑥,𝑦,𝑧 = 𝛿𝑚 ∗ 𝑣𝑥,𝑦,𝑧

𝑑𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝑑𝐻𝑥,𝑦,𝑧 𝑑 𝑣𝑥,𝑦,𝑧

𝐹𝑥,𝑦,𝑧 = = =𝑚∗
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝛿 𝑣𝑥,𝑦,𝑧
= 𝜌∗ ∗ 𝑑𝑉
𝛿𝑡
𝑉𝐶 8
 7. LAW CONSERVATION OF THE AMOUNT OF
MOVEMENT FOR NON-INERTIAL SYSTEMS
• The temporal variation of velocity with respect to an inertial
system as a function of velocity with respect to a non-inertial
system is:
𝑑𝑣𝑥,𝑦,𝑧
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑣𝑥 ′,𝑦′,𝑧 ′ 𝑑 2 𝑅 𝑑Ω
= + 2+ ∧ 𝑟 + 2Ω ∧ 𝑣𝑥 ′,𝑦′,𝑧 ′ + Ω ∧ Ω ∧ 𝑟
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑅 𝑑𝑡
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 7. LAW CONSERVATION OF THE AMOUNT OF
MOVEMENT FOR NON-INERTIAL SYSTEMS
• Reintroducing, ordering and applying the conservation principle, we obtain:

𝜕 𝑑2 𝑅
𝐹𝑥,𝑦,𝑧 = 𝜌∗𝑣 𝑖 ,𝑥 ′ ,𝑦 ′ ,𝑧 ′ ∗ 𝑑𝑉 + 𝜌∗𝑣 𝑖 ,𝑥 ′ ,𝑦 ′ ,𝑧 ′ ∗ 𝑣𝑥 ′,𝑦′,𝑧 ′ ∗ 𝑑𝐴 + 𝜌∗
𝜕𝑡 𝑑𝑅2
𝑉𝐶 𝐴 𝑉𝐶

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 7. LAW CONSERVATION OF THE AMOUNT OF
MOVEMENT FOR NON-INERTIAL SYSTEMS

𝜕 𝑑2 𝑅
𝐹𝑥,𝑦,𝑧 = 𝜌∗𝑣 𝑖 ,𝑥 ′ ,𝑦 ′ ,𝑧 ′ ∗ 𝑑𝑉 + 𝜌∗𝑣 𝑖 ,𝑥 ′ ,𝑦 ′ ,𝑧 ′ ∗ 𝑣𝑥 ′,𝑦′,𝑧 ′ ∗ 𝑑𝐴 + 𝜌∗
𝜕𝑡 𝑑𝑅2
𝑉𝐶 𝐴 𝑉𝐶

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END FIRST PRESENTATION

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