Sa 7904

No: RT-ASMEV-001
SPECILIZED OIL & GAS ENGINEERING CO.

Issue: 1
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE
Rev: 16
Revision History
Issue Revision Page Para Revision Details

Incorporated client comments and updated
1 16
reference documents to latest edition
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This document is the property of SOGEC-NDT and must not be copied, loaned or information it contains be disclosed to a
third party without the written consent of SOGEC
No: RT-ASMEV-001
Issue: 1
Rev: 16
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PARA DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
1.0 Scope 04
2.0 Definitions 04
3.0 References 04
4.0 Personal Qualification 04
5.0 Safety 05
6.0 Equipments & Accessories 05
7.0 Examination Requirements 08
8.0 Radiographic Film Interpretation 16
9.0 Acceptance Criteria 17
10.0 Records 17
Attachment # 1 Exposure Techniques 18
Attachment # 2 Location Marker Placement 22
Attachment # 3 RT Report Format 23
Attachment # 4 Acceptance Criteria – SecVIII, Div 1 24
Attachment # 5 Acceptance Criteria – B 31.1 26
Attachment # 6 Acceptance Criteria – B 31.3 27

Attachment # 7 Acceptance Criteria – ASME
30
Sec 1
Attachment # 8 Acceptance Criteria – API 650 31
Attachment # 9 Acceptance Criteria – API 1104 32

Attachment # 10 Acceptance Criteria – AWS
39
D1.1
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1.0 Scope
This procedure provides instructions, define responsibilities and establish techniques for
the radiographic examination of welds in accordance with the requirements of the
referenced codes or standards.
2.0 Definitions
Definitions shall be as defined in ASTM E 1316-15, Specification of Terminology for
Nondestructive Examinations.
3.0 References
ASME Section V, 2013 Edition Nondestructive Testing

ASTM E 709-08 Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination.
ASME Section VIII, 2013 Edition Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels
ASME B31.1, 2014 Edition. Power Piping
ASME B31.3, 2014 Edition. Process Piping
st
API 1104 – 21 Edition, 2013 Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities
AWS D 1.1,2010 Edition Structural Welding Code – Steel
QEA-01 SOGEC-NDT written Practice for the
Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel.
ANSI/ASNT CP-189-2011 Standard for Qualification and certification of
NDT personnel
3.1 The references listed above were used to compile this document and insure that the
requirements of the above documents were met. Client specific requirements, e.g.
acceptance criteria differing from the requirements of the above documents, will be
attached to this document.
4.0 Personnel Qualification
Personnel performing radiography or evaluating radiographs must be certified to Level II

in accordance with SOGEC Written Practice, QEA 01 Issue 3, Rev. 0, complying with
ASNT Standard CP-189 and with SAEP 1142. Radiography is a licensed activity and all
personnel handling sources shall comply with KACST Regulations regarding radiation
safety. Details about required precautions and procedures are addressed in SOGEC
Radiation safety manual referred to above. All personnel performing radiography for Saudi
Aramco or on Saudi Aramco property or concessionaire areas shall have passed the
Radiation Safety examination administered by the Saudi Aramco Loss Prevention
Department and be in possession of a current Saudi Aramco Radiographer Permit issued
by the Inspection Department prior to commencement of radiography. For Saudi Aramco
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jobs, personnel performing radiographic film interpretation or having an influence on the

Radiographic film interpretation shall have passed Saudi Aramco RTFI exam and be in
possession of a valid RTFI card.
5.0 Safety
All safety precautions and requirements are to be followed before and during all
examinations in accordance with SOGEC loss prevention program and any site specific
safety regulations imposed by the client.
6.0 Equipment and Accessories
6.1 Radioactive Sources

Refer table 1 below for applicable radioactive sources and thickness range for each
source use.
Radiation Source Applicable Thickness-mm (inch)

Minimum Maximum
Selinium-75 5.0 (0.196) 30.0 (1.18)
Iridium -192 3.2 (0.125) 76.0 (3.0)
Cobalt-60 20.0 (0.8) 150.0 (6.0)
Table 1: Radiation sources and applicable thickness ranges
6.2 X-Ray generators up to 350 KeV can be used
6.3 Films
Radiography shall be conducted either with type 1 or type 2 industrial radiography

films provided they shall produce acceptable sensitivity, density and contrast. A list
of films and brands are in Table 2 below.
Type (as per ASTM E- Manufacturer Brand Name

1815)
Agfa Structurix D2,D3,D4,D5
Type 1 Kodak MX-125
Fuji IX 25,IX 50,IX 80
Agfa Structurix D7,D8
Type 2 Kodak AA 400
Fuji IX 100, IX 150 Table 2:
Films
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6.3.1 Exposed radiographic films shall be processed accordance with procedures

written to the requirements of ASTM SE-94, part III, process chemical
manufacture recommendations and the required time and temperature charts.
The processing could be either manual or automatic. The variation to the film
manufacture and chemical manufacture process recommended parameters are
not permitted in order to compensate exposure.
6.3.2 Films shall NOT be used after expiration. Shall be stocked on its edges or
sides and protected from the effects of light, pressure, excessive humidity,
excessive temperature, damaging fumes, vapors, or penetrating radiation
6.4 Intensifying Screens
6.4.1 Lead intensifying screens shall be used for gamma ray source radiography.
The minimum thickness of the front lead screen shall be 0.005 inch
(0.127mm) and 0.010 inch (0.25mm) for Ir 192 and Co 60 respectively. The
integral parts of “ready pack” film lead screens are acceptable.
6.4.2 Designated SOGEC NDT RT Level III and client written approval shall be
required to any special techniques involving the use of intensifying screens
material other than lead. Such technique shall be qualified and the
radiographic film quality of this procedure shall meet.
6.5 Image Quality Indicators
6.5.1 Image Quality Indicator (IQI)s shall be DIN type Image Quality Indicator
(IQI)s described in DIN 54 109, ISO, ASTM or EN type Image Quality
Indicator (IQI)s described in ASTM SE-747/04. Tables below show the
standard identification numbers found on the Image Quality Indicator
(IQI) packs and the wire sizes found in the DIN type, ISO type, ASTM
type and EN type typical packs.
DIN Pack
Wire Diameter inch (mm)Corresponding Wire Number
Designation
0.125 0.078 0.062 0.050 0.032

0.098 (2.50) 0.040 (1.00)
1 FE DIN (3.20) (2.00) (1.60) (1.25) (0.80)
2 6
1 3 4 5 7
0.040 0.024 0.020 0.016 0.010

0.032 (0.80) 0.013 (0.32)
6 FE DIN (1.00) (0.63) (0.50) (0.40) (0.25)
7 11
6 8 9 10 12
0.016 0.010 0.008 0.006 0.004

0.013 (0.32) 0.004 (0.1)
10 FE DIN (0.40) (0.25) (0.20) (0.16) (0.125)
11 16
10 12 13 14 15
Table 3: DIN Image Quality Indicator
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ISO
Wire Diameter inch (mm)
Pack
Corresponding Wire Number
Designation
0.125 (3.20) 0.098 (2.50) 0.078 (2.00) 0.062 (1.60) 0.050 (1.25) 0.040 (1.00) 0.032 (0.80)
1 ISO 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0.040 (1.00) 0.032 (0.80) 0.024 (0.63) 0.020 (0.50) 0.016 (0.40) 0.013 (0.32) 0.010 (0.25)
6 ISO 12
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0.016 (0.40) 0.013 (0.32) 0.010 (0.25) 0.008 (0.20) 0.006 (0.16) 0.004 (0.125) 0.004 (0.1)
10 ISO 16
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Table 4: ISO Image Quality Indicator
ASTM
Set
Wire Diameter inch (mm)
Design
ation
A .0032 ( .081) .004 ( .102) .005 ( .127) .0063 ( .160) .008 ( .203) .010 ( .254)
B .010 ( .254) .013 ( .330) .016 ( .406) .020 ( .508) .025 ( .635) .032 ( .813)
C .032 ( .813) .040 ( 1.016) .050 ( 1.27) .063 ( 1.6) .080 ( 2.03) .100 ( 2.54)
D .100 ( 2.54) .126 ( 3.2) .160 ( 4.06) .200 ( 5.08) .250 ( 6.35) .320 ( 8.13)
Table 5: ASTM Image Quality Indicator
Table 6: EN Wire type IQI
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6.5.2 Damaged (e.g. bent wires, missing wires) IQIs shall not be used, IQIs shall
be selected either from the same alloy material group or grade as identified in
ASTM SE-747 or from an alloy material group or grade with less radiation
absorption than the material being radiographed.
6.6 Facilities for Viewing Radiographs
6.6.1 Viewing conditions shall provide subdued background lighting that will not
cause troublesome reflections, shadows or glare on the radiograph. The
equipment used to view films for radiographic interpretation shall provide a
variable high intensity light source sufficient for the IQI wire to be visible for
the specific density range. The viewing conditions shall be such that light
coming from around the outer edge or from low density portions of the
radiographic does not interfere with interpretation. Radiographic viewers
shall meet the minimum requirements set forth in ISO 5580 and shall provide
a variable light source for the essential designated wire to be visible for the
specified density range.
6.6.2 Densitometers shall be used to measure the density of the film. The
densitometer shall be calibrated at least every Ninety (90) days. Performance
shall be verified before each use with a density film strip traceable to a
national standard. The density film strip shall be replaced annually. The first
time use date shall be recorded.
6.7 Material Preparation
6.7.1 All object requested for radiography shall be visually inspected and found
acceptable prior to radiography. The weld surface or weld ripples on both the
inside (where accessible ) and outside and adjacent Material surfaces shall
satisfy the requirements of the applicable material specification or code, with
additional conditioning, if necessary by any suitable process to such a level
that surface irregularities cannot mask or be confused with discontinuities.
6.7.2 When performing radiograph on ground flush welds, markers, such as arrows
or V's, pointing toward the centerline of the weld shall be placed on both
sides of the weld approximately 6 mm (0.25 inch) away from the toe of the
weld. At least two sets of arrows or V's shall appear on the film; one set near
each end identifying the area of the film to be interpreted.
7.0 Examination Requirements
7.1 Selection of Equipment
7.1.1 Refer 6.1 and 6.2 for selection of radiographic sources.
7.1.2 Refer 6.3 for film selection. For Saudi Aramco project use Type 1 films for
pipe sizes 8”NPS and less.
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7.2 Selection of Technique
7.2.1 A single wall exposure technique shall be used for radiography whenever
practical. When it is not practical to use a single wall technique, a double
wall technique shall be used. (See Table 7 for Technique and Exposure
Requirements).
Technique & Exposure Requirements

Nom. Pipe Type of Exposure Minimum Exposure
Size Technique and Viewing Number of Exposures Arrangement
Dbl. Wall Exp. 2
Elliptical F
3-1/2" Dbl. Wall Viewing (0,90)
Or less Dbl. Wall Exp. 4
Superimposed G
Sgl. Wall Viewing (0,90,180,270)
Dbl. Wall Exp. 3
Above Contact D or E
Sgl. Wall Viewing (0,120, 240)
Sgl. Wall Exp.
Panoramic 1 A
Sgl. Wall Viewing
Sgl. Wall Exp. 4
3-1/2" B or C
Sgl. Wall Viewing (0,90,180,270)
Sgl. Wall Exp.
4 A, B, C
Sgl. Wall Viewing
NOTES:
1. Techniques other than those described in this table may be used with the approval of the
SOGEC NDT RT Level III.
2. If the minimum number of exposures, shown above, is not adequate to demonstrate the required coverage, additional
exposures shall be made as specified by the certified film interpreter.
Table 7: Technique and Exposure requirements
7.2.2 Single Wall Exposure - Single Wall Viewing (SWE/SWV Technique - the
radiation passes through only one wall of the weld (material), which is
viewed on the radiograph for acceptance. (Arrangements A,B,C in
Attachment # 1)
7.2.3 Double Wall Exposure - Single Wall Viewing (DWE/SWV) Technique-

Radiation passes through two walls and only the weld (material) on the film
sidewall is viewed for acceptance on the radiograph. For full weld coverage
of circumferential welds at least 3 exposures taken 120° apart shall be taken.
(Arrangements D, E in Attachment # 1)
7.2.4 Double Wall Exposure - Double Wall Viewing (DWE/DWV) Technique -
radiation passes through two walls and both walls are viewed for acceptance
on the radiograph. This technique shall only be used for materials and welds
in components 3.5 inches (89 mm) or less in nominal outside diameter.
(Arrangements F,G in Attachment # 1)
7.2.4.1 Only a source side Image Quality Indicator (IQI) shall be used for
the double wall viewing technique.
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7.2.4.2 For the elliptical DWE/DWV technique the radiation beam shall be
offset from the plane of the weld at an angle sufficient to separate
the images of the source side and film side portions of the weld so
that there is no overlap of the areas to be interpreted. The elliptical
technique requires at least 2 exposures 90° to each other for each
weld to be radiographed to achieve complete coverage.
7.2.4.3 In the superimposed DWE/DWV technique, the source shall be at

right angles to the weld and the images of both walls are
superimposed. The superimposed technique, as a minimum,
requires three (3) exposures taken either 60° or 120° to each other
for each weld to be radiographed to achieve complete coverage.
7.3 Location Markers
7.3.1 The acceptable radiograph shall posses location markers that appears as
radiographic image on the film. The placement of location marker on the
exposure holder is not permitted and it shall be placed on the part being
examined. Location markers shall be placed on the film side of the object
where possible. Attachment # 2 indicates the required placement of location
markers. Location markers shall not intrude into the area of interest.
Location markers shall be permanently identified on the surface of the
specimen being radiographed. If permanent markings, such as metal
stamping are not permitted, other techniques may be used if specifically
approved (e.g., a map of the part). Regardless of the technique used, the area
of interest of the radiograph shall be accurately traceable to its location on
the part.
7.3.2 When using a DWE/DWV technique for pipe or tube welds 3.5 inches or less
in outside diameter, the first exposure shall be identified with a lead letter
"A" and the second exposure shall be identified with a lead letter "B". The
location of the markers shall be permanently marked on the specimen.
7.3.3 For pipe or tube welds greater than 3.5 inches (89mm) in diameter, a number
belt shall be used. The number belt shall consist of lead numbers between
0.25 inches (6 mm) and 0.5 inches (12 mm) in height. Number belt spacing
around the circumference of piping shall not exceed the requirements of
Table 8.
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NUMBER SPACING
Nominal Pipe Size Spacing
Over 3½ inches (8.9 cm) through 8 inches 1 inch (25.4 mm)
(20 cm) apart
Over 8 inch (>20 cm) through 20 inches 2 inches (50.8 mm)
(51 cm) apart
Up to the discretion of
Over 20 inches (>51 cm) RTFI or Field Supervisor
Table 8: Number Belt spacing
7.3.4 The beginning reference point for piping shall be as follows:
7.3.4.1 For a horizontal run of pipe where the weld joint involves a pipe
to pipe, pipe to flange, pipe to valve, pipe to elbow, elbow to
elbow, elbow to valve, tee to pipe, tee to valve, or tee to elbow the
beginning reference point shall be the top dead center of the pipe.
7.3.4.2 For vertical runs of pipe where the weld joint involves a pipe to
elbow, elbow to elbow, elbow to valve, or elbow to flange, the
beginning reference point shall be the outside radius of the elbow.
For vertical runs of pipe where the weld joint involves a pipe to
pipe, pipe to coupling, pipe to flange, pipe to tee, pipe to valve,
valve to tee, or valve to flange, the beginning reference point shall
be an extension of the centerline of the outside radius of the elbow
upstream from the weld. If no elbow is visible upstream, use an
extension of the outside radius of the elbow downstream of the
weld.
7.3.4.3 The number belt shall be placed with zero directly over the
beginning point and proceeding clockwise, in relation to the
direction of product flow, around the pipe. The beginning point
and the direction of numbering shall be identified adjacent to the
weld
7.4 Selection of IQI
7.4.1 IQI shall be selected from the same alloy group or grade as per SE-747 or
from an alloy group or grade with less radiation absorption than the material
being radiographed. Image Quality Indicator (IQI)s shall be wire type Image
Quality Indicator (IQI)s and shall be selected to insure that the designated
wire required by Table 6 be included in the Image Quality Indicator (IQI)
pack used. When possible the Image Quality Indicator (IQI) shall be selected
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to insure that there exist wires both preceding and following the designated
wire. The required wire shall be visible on the radiograph across the entire
width of the weld, unless the weld is wider than the length of the wires.
Selection of IQI based on wall thickness range is summarized in Table 9
below for ASME referenced applications and Table 10 for API applications.
Nominal Single-wall Material DIN or ISO IQI ASTM IQI

Thickness Range, mm (in.)
Source Film Side Source Film Side
Side Wire Wire No. Side Wire Wire No.
No. No.
Up to 6.35 (0.25), incl.
13 14 5 4
Over 6.35 (0.25) through
9.525 (0.375) 12 3 6 5
12.7 (0.50) 11 12 7 6
19.05 (0.75) 10 11 8 7
25.4 (1.00) 9 10 9 8
Over 25.4 (1.00) through 38.1
(1.50) 8 9 10 9
Over 38.1 (1.50) through 50.8
(2.00) 7 8 11 10
Over 50.8 (2.00) through 63.5
(2.50) 6 7 12 11
101.6 (4.00) 5 6 13 12
152.4 (6.00) 4 5 14 13
203.2 (8.00) 2 4 16 14
254.2 (10.00) 1 2 17 16
T
able 9: Selection of IQI for ASME applications
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Table 10: Selection of IQI for API Applications
7.4.2 Selection of the Image Quality Indicator (IQI) shall be based on the nominal
thickness of the base material plus the estimated weld reinforcement not to
exceed the maximum permitted by the referencing code section. Internal
protrusion of single bevel welds, backing rings or strips shall not be
considered as part of the thickness in Image Quality Indicator (IQI) selection.
In general, the following applies.
7.4.3 The required wire size for SWE/SWV or DWE/SWV techniques shall is
based on the one wall thickness plus one reinforcement where such
reinforcement is not ground off.
7.4.4 The required wire size for DWE/DWV elliptical technique is based on one-
wall thickness plus one reinforcement where such reinforcement is not
ground off.
7.4.5 The required wire size for DWE/DWV superimposed technique is based on
one-wall thickness plus one reinforcement where such reinforcement is not
ground off.
7.4.6 For Welds without Reinforcement, the Image Quality Indicator (IQI)
required wire selection is based on the nominal single wall thickness for
SWE/SWV and DWE/DWV technique.
7.4.7 When dissimilar metals are joined or when welds have dissimilar filler metal
the IQI alloy designation shall be based on weld metal.
7.5 IQI Placement
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7.5.1 Image Quality Indicator (IQI) placement shall be on source side of the object
all times unless the placement of the Image Quality Indicator (IQI)(s) on the
source side of the object is not possible. Only when placement to the source
side of the object is not possible shall film side Image Quality Indicator (IQI)
be used. When film side Image Quality Indicator (IQI)s are used, the Image
Quality Indicator (IQI)s shall be in contact with the part being examined. A
lead letter F at least as high as the Image Quality Indicator (IQI)
identification numbers shall be placed adjacent to or on the Image Quality
Indicator (IQI) and shall not interfere with the Image Quality Indicator (IQI)
or be in area of interest.
7.5.2 If the configuration or size of the part or weld being examined prevents
placement of Image Quality Indicator (IQI)(s), the Image Quality Indicator
(IQI)(s) may be placed on a separate block of radiographically similar
material. The block shall be placed as close as possible to the part or weld
being examined, and the resulting radiographic density of the block image
shall be within the prescribed Image Quality Indicator (IQI)/area of interest
density variation tolerances as stated in paragraph 5.15.5.
7.5.3 The placement of Image Quality Indicator (IQI) shall be across the weld.
Image Quality Indicator (IQI) designation, ID number, location markers and
the letter “F” (where applicable) shall not be in the area of interest.
7.5.4 The placement of Image Quality Indicator (IQI) with Image Quality Indicator
(IQI) identification number(s) and the lead letter ”F” (where applicable) for
materials other than welds (i.e. castings) in the area of interest may be
allowed.
7.6 Number of IQI’s
7.6.1 When performing radiography with DWE/SWV technique where multiple
exposures used for complete inspection of the weld, if the length of the film
to be interpreted is greater than 5 inches (127 mm), two Image Quality
Indicator (IQI)s shall be placed across the weld and perpendicular to the weld
length. One shall be within 1 inch (25.4 mm) of the end of the film length to
be interpreted and the other shall be at the center of the film length to be
interpreted. If the film length to be interpreted is 5 inches (127 mm) or less,
one Image Quality Indicator (IQI) shall be placed across the weld and
perpendicular to the weld length at the center of the length to be interpreted.
7.6.2 If more than two Image Quality Indicator (IQI)s are used because of density
variation requirements, one shall be representative of the lightest area of
interest and the other the darkest area of interest. The intervening densities
on the radiograph shall be considered as having acceptable density.
7.6.3 When performing radiography with panoramic technique where a
circumferential weld is radiographed in a single exposure using a source
inside the piping, or vessel, at least four (4) Image Quality Indicator (IQI)s
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shall be used and placed perpendicular to the weld and spaced equally around
the circumference.
7.6.4 If multiple objects are radiographed in a circle, each radiograph shall show
one Image Quality Indicator (IQI).
7.6.5 When performing radiography on a portions of longitudinal seal weld along
with circumferential weld at same time, additional Image Quality Indicator
(IQI) shall be placed at end of longitudinal seam weld.
7.7 Identification System for Radiographs
7.7.1 Each radiograph shall be uniquely identified so that there is a permanent
correlation between the part radiographed and the film. The type of
identification and method by which identification is achieved shall be as
agreed between the client and SOGEC-NDT. Minimum required information
in a radiograph is given below.
a. Job Number
b. Client ID
c. Seam or weld Identification traceable to contract, component and
weld map
d. Date of Radiography
e. Component Dimensions (OD, Thickness etc.)
f. Inspection stage (Repairs R1,R2…etc, Re Shoots RS1,RS2 …etc)
7.7.2 Radiographs misidentified may be re-identified, utilizing a permanent
marking method, only when the Saudi Aramco film interpreter or field
supervisor has determined that it is impractical to re-radiograph. Re-
identification of radiographs shall be noted on the inspection report.
7.8 Back Scatter Radiation Check
7.8.1 A lead symbol “B” with minimum dimensions of 13 mm (1/2 inch) in height
and 1.5 mm (1/16 inch) in thickness shall be attached to the back of each film
holder during each exposure to determine if backscatter radiation is exposing
the film.
7.9 Geometric unsharpness requirements
7.9.1 Geometrical unsharpness – U g – equals source size times object to film

distance divided by the object-to-source distance.
U g = (F*t)/ D where U g is geometrical unshapness, F is Source size, D is

Source to Object distance and t is Object to film distance.
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7.9.2 The Ug of radiograph shall not exceed the value listed in Table 10. The
minimum source to object distance, D, shall be selected to insure t geometric
unsharpness (U g ) criteria is met.
Material thickness mm U g – Geometric Un-sharpness

(inches) mm (inches)
Under 50.8 (2) 0.5 (0.020)
50.8 (2) through 76.2 (3) 0.760 (0.030)
Over 76.4 (3) through 101.6 (4) 1.010 (0.040)
Over 101.6 (4) 1.780 0.070)
Table 10: U g Criteria
7.9.3 The following formula should be used to determine the minimum source to
object distance, D, necessary to insure that the Ug does not exceed the values
listed in Table 10.
D = (Ft/Ug) + t
8.0 Radiographic Film Interpretation.
8.1 Radiographs
8.1.1 All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical, or other blemishes
to the extent that they do not mask and are not confused with the image of
any discontinuity in the area of interest. Such blemishes include, but are not
limited to; fogging, processing defects such as streaks, watermarks, or
chemical stains, scratches, finger marks, crimps, dirt, static marks, smudges,
or false indications due to defective screens. Radiographs shall be examined
and interpreted for film quality and for discontinuities by a certified
SOGEC-NDT Film Interpreter to ensure compliance with the referenced
Code and this procedure.
8.1.2 Radiographs shall be interpreted only in those areas in which the Image
Quality Indicator (IQI)(s) have established that a suitable radiographic
technique has been used.
8.2 Radiographic Film density
8.2.1 The transmitted film density adjacent to the essential wire of a wire type IQI
and the area of interest shall be minimum 1.8 for single film viewing for
radiographs made with an X-ray source and 2.0 minimum for radiographs
made with Gamma ray source. The maximum density shall be 4.0
8.2.2 Radiographic density anywhere through the area of interest shall not vary
more than -15% and +30% from the measured density next to the designated
wire of the Image Quality Indicator (IQI). If density variation exceeds the
permissible -15% and +30% range, additional Image Quality Indicator (IQI)s
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shall be used for each exceptional area or areas and the area shall be re-
radiographed.
8.2.3 Acceptance of the radiograph for sensitivity is based on ability of the
radiograph to display the required wire on the Image Quality Indicator (IQI),
viewed across the weld, and the Image Quality Indicator (IQI) identifying
numbers and letters. Radiographs not meeting this requirement shall be
retaken.
8.2.4 Radiographic film displaying a light image of the letter "B" on darker
background shall be considered reject able due to back scatter radiation
exposing the film. A dark image of the letter "B" on a lighter background
shall be considered acceptable.
8.3 Evaluation of Radiographs
Only film that has been determined to satisfy the requirements Para 8.0 may be used
for the evaluation of the welds or material covered by the radiograph.
9.0 Acceptance Criteria

The interpretation and acceptance criterion for radiographic examination is covered by the
applicable code or project specification. Attachments – to – summarizes the acceptance
criteras set forth in ASME B31.3, ASME, API 1104 and AWS D1.1.
10.0 Records
10.1 The radiograph shall be interpreted by a Certified Level II. As a minimum the below
required information shall be available in the RT report.
a. Report No.
b. IQI & Designated wire
c. Identification, e.g., job or heat number
d. Number of exposures
e. Isotope or maximum X-ray voltage used & strength
f. Film Processing method
g. Effective focal spot sizes
h. Material type and thickness range
i. Minimum Source to Object Distance (s.o.d.)
j. Maximum distance from source side of object to film (o.f.d.)
k. Film brand and designation
l. Number of films per cassette
m. Technique Used – SWSI,DWDI or DWSI and if applicable with set up sketch
n. Calculated geometric unsharpness
o. Result of the examination
p. Name & designation of Interpreter
q. Signature and date
10.2 Sample report format is attached in Attachment # 3
Page 17 of 39
No: RT-ASMEV-001
Issue: 1
Rev: 16
Attachment # 1 Radiography Exposure Technique Sheets and Set Ups
SWSI – Arrangement A
Pipe Exp. Viewing Source - Weld – Film Arrangement IQI Location

OD Technique Techniq Placement Marker
End View Side view
ue Side Side
≥12” Single Single Source Either
wall wall Side, if side
not
accessible
film side
No. of IQI’s Required 3 (three), placed approximately 120 degrees apart. In the case of Saudi
Aramco projects 4 IQIs placed about 90 degrees apart
SWSI – Arrangement B

End View Side view
ue Side Side
≥12” Single Single Source Film
wall wall Side, if Side
not
accessible
film side
No. of IQI’s Required 3 (three), placed approximately 120 degrees apart. In the case of Saudi
Aramco projects 4 IQIs placed about 90 degrees apart
Page 18 of 39
No: RT-ASMEV-001
Issue: 1
Rev: 16
SWSI – Arrangement C

End View Side view
ue Side Side
Any Single Single Source Source
wall wall Side, if Side
not
accessible
film side
No. of IQI’s Required 1 (one) per radiograph; For Saudi Aramco projects- two penetrametrs
have to be used if length of film to be interpreted is greater than 5” as
per 6.6 of this procedure
DWSI – Arrangement D
End View Side view
ue Side Side
Any Double Single Source Film
Wall. At wall Side, if Side
least 3 not
exposure accessible
s film side
required
at 120°
To each
other for
complete
coverage
Page 19 of 39
No: RT-ASMEV-001
Issue: 1
Rev: 16
DWSI – Arrangement E

End View Side view
ue Side Side
Any Double Single Source Film
Wall. At wall Side, if Side
least 3 not
exposure accessible
s film side
required
at 120°
To each
other for
complete
coverage
DWSI – Arrangement F

OD Technique Technique Placement Marker
End View Side view
Side Side
3-½" Double Double Source Either
or Wall, at Wall: Side Side
less least 2 (Ellipse)
exposure Read
s at 90° offset
to each source
other for side and
complete film side
coverage images
No. of IQI’s Required 1 (one) per radiograph;
Page 20 of 39
No: RT-ASMEV-001
Issue: 1
Rev: 16
DWSI –Arrangement G

OD Technique Technique Placement Marker
End View Side view
Side Side
3-½" Double Double Source Either
or Wall, at Wall: Side Side
less least 3 Read
exposure super
s at 60° imposed
or 120˚ source
to each side and
other for film side
complete images
coverage
No. of IQI’s Required 1 (one) per radiograph; For Saudi Aramco projects- two
penetrametrs have to be used if length of film to be interpreted is
greater than 5” as per 6.6 of this procedure
Page 21 of 39
No: RT-ASMEV-001
Issue: 1
Rev: 16
Attachment # 2 Location Marker Placement
Page 22 of 39
No: RT-ASMEV-001
Issue: 1
Rev: 16
Attachment # 3 RT Report Format
Page 23 of 39
No: RT-ASMEV-001
Issue: 1
Rev: 16
Attachment # 4
ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS FOR ASME SECTION VIII Division 1
For joints required to be 100% radiographed: (Applicable for UW51)
The following indications are not acceptable
a. Any type of crack, or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration:
b. Any elongated indication, which has length greater than

a. 6.35 mm (1/4 in.) for t up to 19 mm (3/4 in.)
b. 1/3 t for t from 19 mm (3/4 in.) to 57 mm (2 1/4 in.)
c. 19 mm (3/4 in.) for t over 57 mm (2 1/4 in.)
Where t = the thickness of the weld
c. Any group of aligned indication that have an aggregate length greater than t in a length
of 12 t, except when the distance between the successive imperfections exceeds 6L
where L is the length of the longest imperfection in the group:
d. Rounded indications in excess of that specified by the acceptance standards given in

Appendix 4 of ASME VIII.
For joints required to be Spot Radiographed: (UW 52)
a. Welds in which the radiograph shows any type of crack or zone of incomplete fusion or
penetration shall be unacceptable.
b. Welds in which the radiographs show slag inclusions or cavities shall be unacceptable if
the length of any such imperfection is greater than 2/3 T, where T is the thickness of the
thinner plate welded. If several such imperfections exist in line, the welds shall be
judged acceptable if the sum of the longest dimensions of all such imperfections is less
than T in a length of 6T (or proportionately for radiographs shorter than 6T) and if the
longest imperfections considered are separated by at least 3L of acceptable weld metal,
where L is the length of the longest imperfection. The longest length of acceptable
indications shall be 19 mm (3/4"). Any such imperfections shorter than 6.35 mm (1/4")
shall be acceptable for any plate thickness.
c. Rounded indications are not a factor in the acceptability of welds not required to be fully
radiographed.
d. Rounded Tungsten inclusions are to be evaluated per UW 51. Elongated and aligned
Tungsten inclusions are not acceptable.
Page 24 of 39
No: RT-ASMEV-001
Issue: 1
Rev: 16
Disposition Of Unacceptable Welds:
A. For joints required to be 100% radiographed:
The unacceptable areas shall be repaired and re radiographed to meet the requirements of
the Code.
B. For joints required to be Spot Radiographed
When a spot radiographed as required by the Code is acceptable in terms of the

acceptance standard for spot radiographs, the entire weld length represented by this
radiograph is acceptable.
When a spot radiographed as required by the Code is unacceptable in terms of the

acceptance standard for spot radiograph, two additional spots shall be radiographically
examined in the same weld unit at locations away from the original spot. The locations of
these additional spots shall be determined by the Inspector or Fabricator as provided for
in the original spot examination.
a. If the two additional spots examined show welding which meets the acceptance
standards for spot radiographs, the entire weld represented by the three welds is
acceptable provided the defective welding disclosed by the first radiograph is
removed and the area repaired by welding. The weld repaired area shall be
radiographed to the acceptance standards above for spot radiographs.
b. If either of the two additional spots examined shows welding which does not
comply with the acceptance standards for spot radiographs the entire unit of weld
represented shall be rejected. The entire rejected weld shall be removed and the
joint shall be re-welded or at the fabricators option the entire weld represented
shall be completely radiographed and defective welding only need be corrected.
Page 25 of 39
No: RT-ASMEV-001
Issue: 1
Rev: 16
Attachment # 5
ACCEPTANCE STANDARD FOR ASME/ANSI B 31.1
a. Any type of crack, or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration:
b. Any elongated indication which has length greater than
i. 6.35 mm (1/4 in.) for t up to 19 mm (3/4 in.)

ii. 1/3 t for t from 19 mm (3/4 in.) to 57 mm (2 1/4 in.)
iii. 19 mm (3/4 in.) for t over 57 mm (2 1/4 in.)
c. Any group of indications in line that have an aggregate length greater than t in a length
of 12 t, except when the distance between the successive imperfections exceeds 6L
where L is the length of the longest imperfection in the group:
d. Porosity in excess of that specified by the acceptance standards given in Appendix A-

250 of Section I of ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code.
e. Root concavity when there is an abrupt change in density as indicated in the radiograph.
f. Root Concavity is not acceptable if the density is greater than that of the parent metal.
Page 26 of 39
No: RT-ASMEV-001
Issue: 1
Rev: 16
Attachment # 6
ACCEPTANCE STANDARD FOR ASME/ANSI B 31.3
The following Table gives details for the acceptance criteria to be applied as per ANSI/ASME
B31.3. The type of weld and service condition shall be considered to determine the method of
NDT required.
Page 27 of 39
No: RT-ASMEV-001
Issue: 1
Rev: 16
Notes:
Page 28 of 39
No: RT-ASMEV-001
Issue: 1
Rev: 16
a. Criteria given are for required examination. More stringent criteria may be specified in
the engineering design. See also paras. 341.5 and 341.5.3
b. Longitudinal groove weld included straight and spiral seam. Criteria are not intended to
apply to welds made in accordance with a standard listed in Table A-1 or Table 326.1.
c. Fillet weld includes socket and seal welds, and attachment welds for slip-on flanges,
branch reinforcement, and supports.
d. Branch connection weld includes pressure containing welds in branches and fabricated
laps.
e. These imperfections are evaluated only for welds < 5 mm (3/16 in.) in nominal
thickness.
f. Where two limiting values are separated by “and”, the lesser of the values determines
acceptance. Where two sets of values are separated by “or,” the larger value is
acceptable. Tw is the nominal wall thickness of the thinner of two components joined by
a butt weld.
g. Tightly butted unfused root faces are unacceptable.
h. For groove welds, height is the lesser of the measurements made from the surfaces of the
adjacent components; both reinforcement and internal protrusion are permitted in a weld.
For fillet welds, height is measured from the theoretical throat, Fig. 328.5.2A; internal
protrusion does not apply.
i. For welds in aluminium alloy only, internal protrusion shall not exceed the following
values:
a. for thickness < 2 mm (5/64 in.): 1.6 mm (1/16 in.);

b. for thickness > 2 mm (5/64 in.) and < 6.4 mm (¼ in.): 2.4 mm (3/32 in.).
For external reinforcement and for greater thickness, see the tabulation for Symbol L.
Page 29 of 39
No: RT-ASMEV-001
Issue: 1
Rev: 16
Attachment # 7
ACCEPTANCE STANDARD FOR ASME SECTION I
a. Any indication characterised as a crack, or zone of incomplete fusion or

penetration
b. Any other elongated indication on the radiograph that has a length greater than:
i. 6 mm (¼ in.) for t up to 19 mm (¾ in.);

ii. 1/3 t for t from 19 mm (¾ in.) to 57 mm (2 ¼ in.);
iii. 19 mm (¾ in.) for t over 57 mm (2 ¼ in.) where t is the thickness of the
weld.
c. Any group of aligned indications that have an aggregate length greater than t in a
length of 12t, except when the distance between the successive imperfections
exceeds 6L where L is the length of the longest imperfection in the group.
d. Rounded indications in excess of those shown in Appendix A-250.
e. Rounded Tungsten inclusions are to be evaluated per above. Elongated and

aligned Tungsten inclusions are not acceptable.
f. Root Concavity is unacceptable if density is greater than parent metal.
Page 30 of 39
No: RT-ASMEV-001
Issue: 1
Rev: 16
Attachment # 8
ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS FOR API 650
For all joints: as per UW51 of ASME VIII Div 1
1. Any type of crack, or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration:
2. Any elongated indication, which has length greater than
a. 6.35 mm (1/4 in.) for t up to 19.05 mm (3/4 in.)

b. 1/3 t for t from 19.05 mm (3/4 in.) to 57.15 mm (2 1/4 in.)
c. 19.05 mm (3/4 in.) for t over 57.15 mm (2 1/4 in.)
3. Any group of slag inclusions in line that have an aggregate length greater than t in a length
of 12 t, except when the distance between the successive imperfections exceeds 6L where L is
the length of the longest imperfection in the group:
4. Rounded indications in excess of that specified by the acceptance standards given in

Appendix 4 of ASME VIII.
Page 31 of 39
No: RT-ASMEV-001
Issue: 1
Rev: 16
Attachment # 9
Acceptance Standards for ASME/ANSI B31.4 and ASME/ANSI B31.8 and API 1104
A. Inadequate Penetration without High-Low (IP)
IP shall be considered a defect should any of the following conditions exist:
a. The length of an individual indication of IP exceeds 25 mm (1 in.).
b. The aggregate length of indications of IP in any continuous 300 mm (12-in.) length of

weld exceeds 25 mm (1 in.).
c. The aggregate length of indications of IP exceeds 8% of the weld length in any weld less
than 300 mm (12 in.) in length.
B. Inadequate Penetration Due to High-Low (IPD)
IPD shall be considered a defect should any of the following conditions exist:
a. The length of an individual indication of IPD exceeds 50 mm (2 in.).
b. The aggregate length of indications of IPD in any continuous 300 mm (12- in.) length of
C. Inadequate Cross Penetration (ICP)
ICP shall be considered a defect should any of the following conditions exist:
a. The length of an individual indication of ICP exceeds 50 mm (2 in.).
b. The aggregate length of indications of ICP in any continuous 300 mm (12-in.) length of
weld exceeds 50 mm (2 in).
D. Incomplete Fusion (IF)
IF shall be considered a defect should any of the following conditions exist:
a. The length or an individual indication of IF exceeds 25 mm (1 in.).
b. The aggregate length of indications of IF in any continuous 300 mm (12-in.) length of

Page 32 of 39
No: RT-ASMEV-001
Issue: 1
Rev: 16
c. The aggregate length of indications of IF exceeds 8% of the weld length in any weld less
than 300 mm (12 in.) in length.
E. Incomplete Fusion Due to Cold Lap (IFD)
IFD shall be considered a defect should any of the following conditions exist:
a. The length of an individual indication of IFD exceeds 50 mm (2 in.).
b. The aggregate length of indications of IFD in any continuous 300 mm (12-in.) length of
c. The aggregate length of indications of IFD exceeds 8% of the weld length.
F. Internal Concavity (IC)
Any length of internal concavity is acceptable, provided the density of the radiographic
image of the internal concavity does not exceed that of the thinnest adjacent parent
material. For areas that exceed the density of the thinnest adjacent parent material, the
criteria for burn through are applicable.
G. Burn- Through
a. For pipe with an outside diameter greater than or equal to 60.3 mm (2.375 in.), a BT
shall be considered a defect should any of the following conditions exist:
i. The maximum dimension exceeds 6 mm (1/4 in.) and the density of the BT's
image exceeds that of the thinnest adjacent parent material.
ii. The maximum dimension exceeds the thinner of the nominal wall thicknesses
joined, and the density of the BT's image exceeds that of the thinnest adjacent
parent material.
iii. The sum of the maximum dimensions of separate BTs whose image density
exceeds that of the thinnest adjacent parent material exceeds 13 mm (1/2 inch) in
any continuous 300 mm (12-in.) length of weld or the total weld length,
whichever is less.
b. For pipe with an outside diameter less than 60.3 mm (2.375 in.), a BT shall be
considered a defect when any of the following conditions exists:
i. The maximum dimension exceeds 6 mm (1/4 in.) and the density of the BT's
image exceeds that of the thinnest adjacent parent material.
ii. The maximum dimension exceeds the thinner of the nominal wall thicknesses
joined, and the density of the BT's image exceeds that of the thinnest adjacent
parent material.
Page 33 of 39
No: RT-ASMEV-001
Issue: 1
Rev: 16
iii. More than one BT of any size is present and the density of more than one of the
images exceeds that of the thinnest adjacent parent material.
H. Slag Inclusions
For evaluation purposes, when the size of a radiographic indication of slag is measured, the
indication's maximum dimension shall be considered its length.
A. For pipe with an outside diameter greater than or equal to 60.3 mm (2.375 in.), slag
inclusions shall be considered a defect should any of the following conditions exist:
a. The length of an ESI (Elongated Slag Indication) indication exceeds 50 mm (2 in.).
Note: Parallel ESI indications separated by approximately the width of the root bead
(wagon tracks) shall be considered a single indication unless the width of either of them
exceeds 0.8 mm (1/32 inch). In that event, they shall be considered separate indications.
b. The aggregate length of ESI indications in any continuous 300 mm (12-in.) length of
c. The width of an ESI indication exceeds 1.6 mm (1/16 in.).
d. The aggregate length of ISI (Isolated Slag Indication)indications in any continuous 300
mm (12-in.) length of weld exceeds 13 mm (1/2 in.).
e. The width of an ISI indication exceeds 3 mm (1/8 in.).
f. More than four ISI indications with the maximum width of 3 mm (1/8 in.) are present in
any continuous 300 mm (l2-in.) length of weld.
g. The aggregate length of ESI and ISI indications exceeds 8% of the weld length.
B. For pipe with an outside diameter less than 60.3 mm (2.375 in.). Slag inclusions shall be
considered a defect should any of the following conditions exist:
a. The length of an ESI indication exceeds three times the thinner of the nominal wall
thicknesses joined.
Note: Parallel ESI indications separated by approximately the width of the root head
(wagon tracks) shall be considered a single indication unless the width of either of them
exceeds 0.8 mm (1/32 in.). In that event, they shall be considered separate indications.
b. The width of an ESI indication exceeds 1.6 mm (1/16 in.).
c. The aggregate length of ISI indications exceeds two times the thinner of the nominal
wall thicknesses joined and the width exceeds one-half the thinner of the nominal wall
thicknesses joined.
d. The aggregate length of ESI and ISI indications exceeds 8% of the weld length.
I. Porosity
When the size of the radiographic indication produced by a pore is measured, the maximum
dimension of the indication shall apply to the criteria given in below.
A. Individual or scattered porosity (P) shall be considered a defect should any of the
following conditions exist:
Page 34 of 39
No: RT-ASMEV-001
Issue: 1
Rev: 16
a. The size of an individual pore exceeds 3 mm (1/8 in.).

b. The size of an individual pore exceeds 25% of the thinner of the nominal wall
thicknesses joined.
c. The distribution of scattered porosity exceeds the concentration permitted by Figures 9-1
or 9-2
B. Cluster porosity (CP) that occurs in any pass except the finish pass shall comply with the
criteria of 9.3.9.2. CP that occurs in the finish pass shall he considered a defect should
any of the following conditions exist:
a. The diameter of the cluster exceeds 13 mm (1/2 in.).
b. The aggregate length of CP in any continuous 300 mm (12-in.) length of weld exceeds
13 mm (1/2 in.).
c. An individual pore within a cluster exceeds 2 mm (1/16 in.) in size.
C. Hollow-bead porosity (HB) is defined as elongated linear porosity that occurs in the root
pass. HB shall be considered a defect should any of the following conditions exist:
a. The length of an individual indication of HB exceeds 13 mm (1/2 in.).
b. The aggregate length of indications of HB in any continuous 300 mm (12-in.) length of
c. Individual indications of HB, each greater than 6 mm (1/4 in.) in length, are separated by
less than 50 mm (2 in.).
d. The aggregate length of all indications of HB exceeds 8% of the weld length.
J. Cracks
Cracks shall be considered a defect should any of the following conditions exists:
a. The crack, of any size or location in the weld, is not a shallow crater crack or star crack.
b. The crack is a shallow crater crack or star crack with a length that exceeds 4 mm (5/32
in.). In a case of Saudi Aramco projects – crater crack are not acceptable.
K. Undercutting
Undercutting adjacent to the cover pass (EU) or root pass (IU) shall be considered a defect
should any of the following conditions exists:
a. The aggregate length of indications of EU and IU, in any combination, in any continuous
300 mm (12-in.) length of weld exceeds 50 mm (2 in.).
b. The aggregate length of indications of EU and IU, in any combination, exceeds one-sixth
of the weld length.
L. Accumulation of Imperfections
Excluding incomplete penetration due to high-low and undercutting, any accumulation of

imperfections (AI) shall be considered a defect should any of the following conditions exist:
Page 35 of 39
No: RT-ASMEV-001
Issue: 1
Rev: 16
a. The aggregate length of indications in any continuous300 mm (12-in.) length of weld

exceeds 50 mm (2 in.).
b. The aggregate length of indications exceeds 8% of the weld length.
Fig 9-1
Page 36 of 39
SPECIALIZED OIL AND GAS No. : RT-ASMEV-001
ENGINEERING CO.LTD Issue : 1
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE Rev. : 16
Fig 9-2
Page 37 of 39
Attachment # 10
Acceptance Criteria for Statically Loaded Nontubular Connections AWS D1.1
Discontinuities: Welds that are subject to R T in addition to visual inspection shall have no
cracks and shall be unacceptable if the RT shows any discontinuities exceeding the following
limitations (E = weld size).
(1) Elongated discontinuities exceeding the maximum size of Figure 6.1.
(2) Discontinuities closer than the minimum clearance allowance of 6.1 .
(3) Rounded discontinuities greater than a maximum of size of E/3, not to exceed 6 mm (1/4
in.). However, when the thickness is greater than 50 mm (2 in.), the maximum rounded
indication may be 10 mm (3/8 in.). The minimum clearance of this type of discontinuity greater
than or equal to 2.5 mm (3/32 in.) to an acceptable elongated or rounded discontinuity or to
an edge or end of an intersecting weld shall be three times the greatest dimension of the
larger of the discontinuities being considered.
(4) Isolated discontinuities such as a cluster of rounded indications, having a sum of their
greatest dimensions exceeding the maximum size single discontinuity allowed in Figure 6.1.
The minimum clearance to another cluster or an elongated or rounded discontinuity or to an
edge or end of an intersecting weld shall be three times the greatest dimension of the larger of
the discontinuities being considered.
(5) The sum of individual discontinuities each having a greater dimension of less than 2.5 mm
(3/32 in.) shall not exceed 2E/3 or 10 mm (3/8 in.), whichever is less, in any linear 25 mm (1
in.) of weld. This requirement is independent of (1), (2), and (3) above.
(6) In-line discontinuities, where the sum of the greatest dimensions exceeds E in any length of
6E. When the length of the weld being examined is less than 6E, the allowable sum of the
greatest dimensions shall be proportionally less.
Page 38 of 39
Page 39 of 39

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No: RT-ASMEV-001

SPECILIZED OIL & GAS ENGINEERING CO.

Issue Revision Page Para Revision Details

PARA DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

4.0 Personal Qualification 04

6.0 Equipments & Accessories 05

7.0 Examination Requirements 08

8.0 Radiographic Film Interpretation 16

9.0 Acceptance Criteria 17

Attachment # 1 Exposure Techniques 18

Attachment # 2 Location Marker Placement 22

Attachment # 3 RT Report Format 23

Attachment # 4 Acceptance Criteria – SecVIII, Div 1 24

Attachment # 5 Acceptance Criteria – B 31.1 26

Attachment # 6 Acceptance Criteria – B 31.3 27

Attachment # 9 Acceptance Criteria – API 1104 32

ASME Section V, 2013 Edition Nondestructive Testing

4.0 Personnel Qualification

Personnel performing radiography or evaluating radiographs must be certified to Level II

jobs, personnel performing radiographic film interpretation or having an influence on the

6.0 Equipment and Accessories

6.1 Radioactive Sources

Radiation Source Applicable Thickness-mm (inch)

Table 1: Radiation sources and applicable thickness ranges

6.2 X-Ray generators up to 350 KeV can be used

Radiography shall be conducted either with type 1 or type 2 industrial radiography

Type (as per ASTM E- Manufacturer Brand Name

6.3.1 Exposed radiographic films shall be processed accordance with procedures

6.4 Intensifying Screens

6.5 Image Quality Indicators

0.125 0.078 0.062 0.050 0.032

0.040 0.024 0.020 0.016 0.010

0.016 0.010 0.008 0.006 0.004

Table 3: DIN Image Quality Indicator

Table 4: ISO Image Quality Indicator

Table 5: ASTM Image Quality Indicator

Table 6: EN Wire type IQI

6.6 Facilities for Viewing Radiographs

6.7 Material Preparation

7.0 Examination Requirements

7.1 Selection of Equipment

7.1.1 Refer 6.1 and 6.2 for selection of radiographic sources.

7.2 Selection of Technique

Technique & Exposure Requirements

Table 7: Technique and Exposure requirements

7.2.3 Double Wall Exposure - Single Wall Viewing (DWE/SWV) Technique-

7.2.4.3 In the superimposed DWE/DWV technique, the source shall be at

7.3 Location Markers

Table 8: Number Belt spacing

7.3.4 The beginning reference point for piping shall be as follows:

Nominal Single-wall Material DIN or ISO IQI ASTM IQI

Table 10: Selection of IQI for API Applications

7.5 IQI Placement

7.8 Back Scatter Radiation Check

7.9 Geometric unsharpness requirements

7.9.1 Geometrical unsharpness – U g – equals source size times object to film

U g = (F*t)/ D where U g is geometrical unshapness, F is Source size, D is

Material thickness mm U g – Geometric Un-sharpness

Table 10: U g Criteria

8.0 Radiographic Film Interpretation.

8.3 Evaluation of Radiographs

9.0 Acceptance Criteria

10.2 Sample report format is attached in Attachment # 3