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ABS¹RAC¹
1 INTRODUCTION
After determining the fringe order, the principal direction of birefringence can
be calculated as follows. Summing all equations up in eqn (6), the following
equation is obtained.
DI !I D#DI !I D#DI !I D"(DX !X D#DX !X D
G B B R R G G B B R
#DX !X D)½ (9)
R G
Then, we have
DI !I D#DI !I D#DI !I D
½"sin2 2(u!h)" G B B R R G (10)
DX !X D#DX !X D#DX !X D
G B B R R G
Thus, we have the principal direction of birefringence as
u"h#1 cos~1(1!2½) (11)
4
at every point where X OX OX . Here cos~1 denotes the principal value
R G B
of the inverse cosine function. In the case of ½"0, the principal direction of
birefringence is obtained as
u"h, h$1 n, h$n (12)
2
2.3 Procedure for analysis
In order to determine the fringe order and the principal direction of birefrin-
gence, the non-linear equation described in eqn (8) must be solved nu-
merically. The procedure of analysis is briefly summarized as follows.
1. Select an initial value and an initial point where the fringe order can be
determined on a photoelastic image data.
2. Calculate the fringe order at an initial point with eqn (8).
3. Repeat the above procedures 1 and 2 at the next adjacent point using the
results of the previous point as the case of initial point, to cover the whole
field of image.
4. Calculate the principal direction of birefringence by eqn (11) using the
results of fringe order by eqn (8).
The light emitted from the tricolor light source passes through a plane
polarizer, a birefringent specimen and an analyzer. Then, a color photoelastic
Photoelastic analysis with a single tricolor image 429
4 MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION
Fig. 4. Gray levels of R-, G- and B-image, and theoretically constructed principal stress difference across
the diameter of a circular disk specimen perpendicular to the direction of laod.
430 S. Yoneyama et al.
TABLE 1
Stress-optic Coefficient
619 C "51)4]10~12
R
546 C "51)6]10~12
G
436 C "58)2]10~12
B
Fig. 5. Photoelastic image data of a circular disk under the polarization angle 15 deg: (a) 24-bit image, (b)
R-image, (c) G-image and (d) B-image.
Fig. 6. (a) Theoretically constructed gray levels of R-, G- and B-image, and the calculated results of (b) the
fringe order and (c) the principal direction of birefringence.
order are decreasing and is close to zero order, the differences of gray levels of
each wavelength I "I !I described in eqn (7) are diminishing. So, relative
ij i j
errors of the differences of gray levels increase because the grey levels of image
data are discrete digital data. It is recognized that the difficulty in the
Photoelastic analysis with a single tricolor image 433
Fig. 7. (a) Experimentally obtained gray levels of R-, G- and B-image, and the calculated results of (b) the
fringe order and (c) the principal direction of birefringence along the A—B line.
434 S. Yoneyama et al.
6 CONCLUDING REMARKS
For the purpose of analyzing photoelastic fringe pattern from a single image,
the tricolor photoelastic technique has been proposed and an experimental
apparatus has been developed. Also, the effectiveness of the proposed method
and the apparatus was demonstrated. Not only fringe order but the principal
direction of birefringence were obtained from three different monochromatic
image data obtained by a single shot as a color image data. However, since
difficulties in the analysis are still remained in the fringe order below 0)3 and
the following calculation of the principal direction of birefringence, it is
necessary to introduce various improvements into the method.
In conclusion, it is emphasized that this method can be applicable to
time-varying phenomena in which good repeatability and reproducibility of
experiments are not expected, since multiple exposures are not necessary for
acquisition of sufficient data in the completion of stress analysis.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors appreciate the financial support of the Center for Science and
Engineering Research Institute of Aoyama Gakuin University. Our thanks
are extended to Prof. S. Mawatari for his helpful discussion and to Ms. Y.
Tagaya for her help in the development of the apparatus.
REFERENCES