K 1 P 2010

INWEPF 7th Steering Meeting and Symposium
Oct. 27-29, 2010 Jeju, Korea
1
Paddy field works with Mag-gul-li
(Korean traditional Rice Wine)
ⓒ Lim Jo n g - g il
2010. 10. 27
Prof. Kim, Sun Joo

Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
Four Seasons of Korean Paddy Fields Oct. 27-29, 2010 Jeju, Korea
Paddy farming in Asia
Cultural & S ocial

As pe cts
E conomic E nvironme ntal

As pe cts As pe cts
6
1 Why Paddy Fields are Important ?
2 How paddy fields changed ?
3 How to improve the function of paddy field ?
What we should do for the paddy field in

4 the future ?
1 Why Paddy Fields are Important?

Total Length Repair Target Repaired Repair rate

(km) (km) (km) (%)
National River 3,260(6%) 3,113 2,986 95.9
Local River 17,595(31%) 14,655 12,849 82.6

Small River 35,815(63%) 35,815 12,955 36.1
Total 56,670 53,583 28,790 53.7
천㎞ 천㎞
천 km 천㎞ 천㎞
1. Why paddy fields are important ? Oct. 27-29, 2010 Jeju, Korea
Why Paddy fields are Important ?
1 ) Flo o d p r e v e n tio n
- Flood is one of the most frequent disasters in Korea.

- During the rainy season, rice fields store rainwater temporarily
 Total water holding capacity is 18 times of the largest dam in Korea
2 ) Gr o u n d w a te r Re c h a r g e
Flooded paddy fields contribute to ground water recharge.

In Korea, About 5.5 billion tons of groundwater being recharged
from paddy fields per year.
1. Why paddy field important? Oct. 27-29, 2010 Jeju, Korea
3 ) So il lo s s p r e v e n tio n
- It takes approximately 200 years to create just 1cm of topsoil.

- About 17 million tons of eroded soil is trapped by paddies every year in Korea.
4 ) Wa te r q u a lity im p r o v e m e n t
Biological mechanisms of the soil and paddies
decompose contaminants flow into the paddy field.
5 ) Air Pu r ific a tio n e tc .

- Through photosynthesis, paddies absorb carbon dioxide
from the air and emit oxygen.
- The rice plant is one of the most efficient crops in
absorbing carbon dioxide.
6 ) Ha b ita ts fo r v a r io u s liv in g c r e a tu r e s
The paddy fields are home of large variety of wildlife.
 Fishes, Birds, Invertebrates, Amphibians, Reptiles, etc..

2. How paddy fields changed ? INWEPF 7th Steering Meeting and Symposium
1. Change of agriculture method
Past
1. Change of agricultural method
Present
Talking with cell phone

on the trans planter ??
2. Change of irrigation systems
Past
2. Change of irrigation system
Present
3. Readjustment of rice field

Past Landscape of traditional paddy fields
Present Land consolidation project

4. Decrease of bio-diversity
Stork became extinct

Stork after the year 1970
Ricefish, Mudfish, frog etc..

Readjustment, Drope
Dry rice field, Introduced species
Shrimp, Invertbrate, Zooplankton
Change of agriculture methods
(mechanized agriculture, pesticide)
Plants, Phytoplankton
Change of canal materials, Pesticide use
An ecological pyramid
4. Decrease of biodiversity
 Individual and species are going down in rice field

3. How to improve the function of paddy field INWEPF 7th Steering Meeting and Symposium
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands reconized flooded rice

fields as human-made wetlands.
If such fields are converted to dryland crops or aerobic rice

cultivation due to water shortage, the impact be on wetland
biodiversity needs to be considered.
3. How to improve the function of paddy field Oct. 27-29, 2010 Jeju, Korea
Registered paddy field wetland in Asia

Maehwamarum , Paddy habitat Kabukuri-numa and Surrounding Rice Paddies
New Ramsar Site Kang-Hwa, Korea New Ramsar Site in Nov. 2005, Japan
in Oct. 2008
1) Wi nt er - f l ood i n paddy f i el d
 Paddy fields as habitats of endangered species, especially water birds.

 Winter-flood of paddies as habitats of ducks and geese migrating
through East Asia-Australia flyway.
Habitats to be managed
as wintering ground of
Cranes
Weerawila rice field, South Sri Lanka

2) Bui l di ng Fi s h- ways
 Canals are discontinued by various man made structures

Dr a i na g e Co ns t r uc t e d
c a na l Fi s h - wa y
 Fish ways and eco-friendly canals constructed to solved

drop between watercourse and paddy field
Fish-ways installed in drainage canals in Daeho reclaimed land
2 Site B
GAP certification
Farming zone
Daeho
1 Site A
Environment-friendly 3 Site C(Co n tr o l)
Farming zone
Conventional
Farming zone
Monitoring results
 Various fishes use fish-way especially at dawn(Ricefish, Mudfish etc.)

Some types of fish-ways
Under dr ai n Fi s hway
 Fish-way of Lake Biwa, Japan

3) Rei ns t al l s mal l s cal e pool next t o paddy f i el ds
 Small pool revival

Not only irrigation but to introduce ecological functions
3. How to improve of the function of paddy field INWEPF 7th Steering Meeting and Symposium
3) Rei ns t al l s mal l s cal e pool next t o paddy

f i el ds
Environment-friendly farming region(Hongsung, Korea)
Farmers voluntarily install small pool to improve ecological environment
3. How to improve of the function of paddy field Oct. 27-29, 2010 Jeju, Korea
4) Envi r onment - f r i endl y l and r eadj us t ment
Environment-friendly readjustment region near DMZ (Cholwon, Korea)

Various ecological systems induced from paddy field readjustment
 Fish-way, Pool, Small pool
- Area : 52.8ha
- Fish-way 3 sites, Pool 2 sites
small pool 9 sites
4) Envi r onment - f r i endl y r eadj us t ment
Cholwon is very famous region as wintering sites for migratory birds

4) Envi r onment - f r i endl y r eadj us t ment
ⓒ Le e Su k - w o o
5) I ncr eas e of Bi odi ver s i t y

Paddy field became habitats of various living things and very important
space for biodiversity increase.
No
p e s tic id e
6) Envi r onment - f r i endl y canal management
Recently, agricultural canals became the canal of death to animals

7) Envi r onment - f r i endl y canal management

What we should do for the paddy fields

4
in the future ?
1- One hundred and thirteen countries in all the continents cultivate rice.
- Paddy fields are very important space in various aspects all around us
Society, Economy, Culture and Ecology
⇒ We must well preserve our precious paddy field ecosystems
2 - Paddy field is important human-made wetlands with biological diversity

in Monsoon Asia as habitats of migratory water birds, living creatures,
and sustainable use of human being.
⇒ The R & D to improve ecological function of paddy field
should be done continuously.
3 - The sustainability and impacts of various response options on the

environment and ecosystem should be studied through the cooperative
researches between Asia Monsoon countries.
4 - It is highly expected that the scientists attending this meeting can

share each others study results, some valuable experiences and
troubles in paddy field ecosystem through the conference.
Thank you for your Attention

sunjoo@konkuk.ac.kr
52 Pa d d y Str a w r o o fin g o ld h o u s e in w in te r , Ko r e a
Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Good Morning!

Distinguished delegates and all the
participants ! Ladies and Gentlemen!
It is an honor for me to give a speech in

the 7th INWEPF steering meeting and
symposium.
This picture is Korean Traditional Dancing

to celebrate Rice harvesting in Autumn.
How beautiful and How enjoyable it is !
This Dancing has been performed for

more than several hundred years in all
over Korean peninsula. 1
Paddy field works with Mag-gul-li
(Korean traditional Rice Wine)
ⓒ Lim Jo n g - g il
This illustration shows traditional rice transplanting in Korea.

Some people working and some people eat snack or drink Mag-gul-li which
is the most popular Korean traditional rice wine.
2
2010. 10. 27
Prof. Kim, Sun Joo

Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
3/21
Today
I would like to express my opinion concerning an International Cooperation
for the Improvement of Paddy Field Ecosystem in Asian Monsoon countries.
I’d like to transmit a message emphasize the importance of biodiversity of

paddy fields.
That is very easy and simple and already known.
3
These are the scenery of paddy fields in spring and summer in Korea
4
And these are the scenery of paddy fields in autumn and winter in Korea
Paddy Fields are a typical feature of rice-growing countries of East and

South-eastern Asia Including Malaysia, China, Sri Lanka, Myanmar,
Thailand, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan, Indonesia, India, Philippines and
so on.
I’m not sure whether this definition is correct or not.

But I think Egypt and some middle eastern countries could be included in
rice-growing countries.
Anyway It is difficult to deny that Asian countries are main rice growing
countries in the world
and It’s been a staple food in this region for a long time.
5
Paddy farming in Asia
Cultural & S ocial

As pe cts
E conomic E nvironme ntal

As pe cts As pects
Maybe Paddy Farming can be

categorized in cultural and social
aspects, economic aspects and
environmental aspects.
Since Paddy Farming is very important

not only in economic aspects but also
cultural, social and environment aspects
together.
And also each function of Paddy farming

is very closely related.
Today I would like to summarize the

importance of paddy field as we already
6
1 Why Paddy Fields are Important ?
What we should do for the paddy field in

4 the future ?
7/21
I will start with the importance of paddy fields. Second, Change of paddy
fields.
Third, Ways to improve the function of paddy field.
Fourth, Suggest what we should do in the future for paddy field.
And finally, I would like to conclude my presentation
7
1 Why Paddy Fields are Important?
8/21
8
9
Total Length Repair Target Repaired Repair rate

(km) (km) (km) (%)
National River 3,260(6%) 3,113 2,986 95.9
Local River 17,595(31%) 14,655 12,849 82.6

Small River 35,815(63%) 35,815 12,955 36.1
Total 56,670 53,583 28,790 53.7
천㎞ 천㎞
천km 천㎞ 천㎞
10
Why Paddy fields are Important ?
1 ) Flo o d p r e v e n tio n
- Flood is one of the most frequent disasters in Korea.

- During the rainy season, rice fields store rainwater temporarily
 Total water holding capacity is 18 times of the largest dam in Korea
11
2 ) Gr o u n d w a te r Re c h a r g e
Flooded paddy fields contribute to ground water recharge.

In Korea, About 5.5 billion tons of groundwater being recharged
from paddy fields per year.
12
1. Why paddy field important? Oct. 27-29, 2010 Jeju, Korea
3 ) So il lo s s p r e v e n tio n
- It takes approximately 200 years to create just 1cm of topsoil.

- About 17 million tons of eroded soil is trapped by paddies every year in Korea.
4 ) Wa te r q u a lity im p r o v e m e n t
Biological mechanisms of the soil and paddies
decompose contaminants flow into the paddy field.
5 ) Air Pu r ific a tio n e tc .

- Through photosynthesis, paddies absorb carbon dioxide
from the air and emit oxygen.
- The rice plant is one of the most efficient crops in
absorbing carbon dioxide.
6 ) Ha b ita ts fo r v a r io u s liv in g c r e a tu r e s
The paddy fields are home of large variety of wildlife.
 Fishes, Birds, Invertebrates, Amphibians, Reptiles, etc..
17
18
19/21
1. Change of agriculture method
Past
1. Change of agricultural method
Present
Talking with cell phone

on the trans planter ??
21
2. Change of irrigation systems
Past
2. Change of irrigation system
Present

Past Landscape of traditional paddy fields
Present Land consolidation project

4. Decrease of bio-diversity
Stork became extinct

Stork after the year 1970
Ricefish, Mudfish, frog etc..

Readjustment, Drope
Dry rice field, Introduced species
Shrimp, Invertbrate, Zooplankton
Change of agriculture methods
(mechanized agriculture, pesticide)
Plants, Phytoplankton
Change of canal materials, Pesticide use
An ecological pyramid
26
4. Decrease of biodiversity
 Individual and species are going down in rice field
27
28/21
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands reconized flooded rice

fields as human-made wetlands.
If such fields are converted to dryland crops or aerobic rice

cultivation due to water shortage, the impact be on wetland
biodiversity needs to be considered.
29
3. How to improve the function of paddy field Oct. 27-29, 2010 Jeju, Korea
Registered paddy field wetland in Asia

Maehwamarum , Paddy habitat Kabukuri-numa and Surrounding Rice Paddies
New Ramsar Site Kang-Hwa, Korea New Ramsar Site in Nov. 2005, Japan
in Oct. 2008
30
1) Wi nt er- f l ood i n paddy f i el d
 Paddy fields as habitats of endangered species, especially water birds.

 Winter-flood of paddies as habitats of ducks and geese migrating
through East Asia-Australia flyway.
31
Habitats to be managed
as wintering ground of
Cranes
32
Weerawila rice field, South Sri Lanka
33
 Canals are discontinued by various man made structures

Dr a i na g e Co ns t r uc t e d
c a na l Fi s h- wa y
35
 Fish ways and eco-friendly canals constructed to solved

drop between watercourse and paddy field
Fish-ways installed in drainage canals in Daeho reclaimed land
2 Site B
GAP certification
Farming zone
Daeho
1 Site A
Environment-friendly 3 Site C(Co n tr o l)
Farming zone
Conventional
Farming zone
37
Monitoring results
 Various fishes use fish-way especially at dawn(Ricefish, Mudfish etc.)

Under dr ai n Fi s hway
39
 Fish-way of Lake Biwa, Japan

3) Rei ns t al l s mal l s cal e pool next t o paddy f i el ds
 Small pool revival

Not only irrigation but to introduce ecological functions
41
3) Rei ns t al l s mal l s cal e pool next t o paddy

f i el ds
Environment-friendly farming region(Hongsung, Korea)
Farmers voluntarily install small pool to improve ecological environment
3. How to improve of the function of paddy field Oct. 27-29, 2010 Jeju, Korea
4) Envi ronment - f ri endl y l and readj us t ment
Environment-friendly readjustment region near DMZ (Cholwon, Korea)

Various ecological systems induced from paddy field readjustment
 Fish-way, Pool, Small pool
- Area : 52.8ha
- Fish-way 3 sites, Pool 2 sites
small pool 9 sites
4) Envi ronment - f ri endl y readj us t ment

4) Envi ronment - f ri endl y readj us t ment
ⓒ Le e Su k - w o o
45
5) I ncreas e of Bi odi vers i t y

Paddy field became habitats of various living things and very important
space for biodiversity increase.
No
p e s tic id e
46
6) Envi ronment - f ri endl y canal management
Recently, agricultural canals became the canal of death to animals
47
7) Envi ronment - f ri endl y canal management

What we should do for the paddy fields

4
in the future ?
49/21
1- One hundred and thirteen countries in all the continents cultivate rice.
- Paddy fields are very important space in various aspects all around us
Society, Economy, Culture and Ecology
⇒ We must well preserve our precious paddy field ecosystems
2 - Paddy field is important human-made wetlands with biological diversity

in Monsoon Asia as habitats of migratory water birds, living creatures,
and sustainable use of human being.
⇒ The R & D to improve ecological function of paddy field
should be done continuously.
50
3 - The sustainability and impacts of various response options on the

environment and ecosystem should be studied through the cooperative
researches between Asia Monsoon countries.
4 - It is highly expected that the scientists attending this meeting can

share each others study results, some valuable experiences and
troubles in paddy field ecosystem through the conference.
51
Thank you for your Attention

sunjoo@konkuk.ac.kr
52 Pa d d y Str a w r o o fin g o ld h o u s e in w in te r , Ko r e a
Thank you very, very much for your listening

Have a nice time in this beautiful island, Jeju!
52

K 1 P 2010

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INWEPF 7th Steering Meeting and Symposium

Oct. 27-29, 2010 Jeju, Korea

Prof. Kim, Sun Joo

Paddy farming in Asia

Cultural & S ocial

E conomic E nvironme ntal

1 Why Paddy Fields are Important ?

2 How paddy fields changed ?

3 How to improve the function of paddy field ?

What we should do for the paddy field in

1 Why Paddy Fields are Important?

Total Length Repair Target Repaired Repair rate

Local River 17,595(31%) 14,655 12,849 82.6

Total 56,670 53,583 28,790 53.7

Why Paddy fields are Important ?

- Flood is one of the most frequent disasters in Korea.

Flooded paddy fields contribute to ground water recharge.

- It takes approximately 200 years to create just 1cm of topsoil.

5 ) Air Pu r ific a tio n e tc .

2 How paddy fields changed ?

1. Change of agriculture method

1. Change of agricultural method

Talking with cell phone

2. Change of irrigation systems

2. Change of irrigation system

3. Readjustment of rice field

3. Readjustment of rice field

Present Land consolidation project

Stork became extinct

Ricefish, Mudfish, frog etc..

3 How to improve the function of paddy field ?

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands reconized flooded rice

If such fields are converted to dryland crops or aerobic rice

Registered paddy field wetland in Asia

 Paddy fields as habitats of endangered species, especially water birds.

Weerawila rice field, South Sri Lanka

 Canals are discontinued by various man made structures

 Fish ways and eco-friendly canals constructed to solved

Fish-ways installed in drainage canals in Daeho reclaimed land

 Various fishes use fish-way especially at dawn(Ricefish, Mudfish etc.)

Some types of fish-ways

Some types of fish-ways

 Fish-way of Lake Biwa, Japan

3) Rei ns t al l s mal l s cal e pool next t o paddy f i el ds

 Small pool revival

3) Rei ns t al l s mal l s cal e pool next t o paddy

4) Envi r onment - f r i endl y l and r eadj us t ment

Environment-friendly readjustment region near DMZ (Cholwon, Korea)

4) Envi r onment - f r i endl y r eadj us t ment

Cholwon is very famous region as wintering sites for migratory birds

4) Envi r onment - f r i endl y r eadj us t ment

Cholwon is very famous region as wintering sites for migratory birds

5) I ncr eas e of Bi odi ver s i t y

6) Envi r onment - f r i endl y canal management

Recently, agricultural canals became the canal of death to animals

7) Envi r onment - f r i endl y canal management

What we should do for the paddy fields

2 - Paddy field is important human-made wetlands with biological diversity

3 - The sustainability and impacts of various response options on the

4 - It is highly expected that the scientists attending this meeting can

Thank you for your Attention

Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Good Morning!