Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1Rational and Background of the study

A hotel is an establishment that provides lodging paid on a short-term basis. The provision
of basic accommodation, in times past, consisting only of a room with a bed, a cupboard,
a small table and a washstand has largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities,
including en-suite bathrooms and air conditioning or climate control. Additional common
features found in hotel rooms are a telephone, an alarm clock, a television, a safe, a mini-
bar with snack foods and drinks, and facilities for making tea and coffee. Luxury features
include bathrobes and slippers, a pillow menu, twin-sink vanities, and jacuzzi bathtubs.
Larger hotels may provide additional guest facilities such as a swimming pool, fitness
center, business center, childcare, conference facilities and social function services. Hotel
rooms are usually numbered to allow guests to identify their room. Some hotels offer
meals as part of a room and board arrangement. In the United Kingdom, a hotel is
required by law to serve food and drinks to all guests within certain stated hours. In Japan,
capsule hotels provide a minimized amount of room space and shared facilities (Olalo
2015).

The Hotel industry is a business venture for the owner and a solace for the traveler and/or
tourist. A customer can get stranded in the quest to secure a hotel room to pass the night
if he has not made adequate plans by the existing system. Through this study, it was
realized that for a customer to be guaranteed a room, he or she has to physically
come to the hotel since the attendants paid more attention to that. He could also
send a friend or relative who lives around the neighborhood of the hotel to do the
booking for him. There is nothing to bond the hotel and the customer in person that he
has indeed booked for a room (Bemile, Achampong, Danquah 2015).

The hotel industry is currently the most under-automated sector of the international travel
industry. In comparison with the airlines, its reservation systems are often archaic, and a
high proportion of bookings are still received at individual properties direct by telephone
or telex. This relative under-automation prevents the collection of consumer profile data
essential to developing effective marketing strategies, and the development of adequate
yield management (Wardell 2017).

Hotels are independently assessed in traditional systems and these rely heavily on the
facilities provided. Today, most of the Hotels provide goods and services using computer
system. It helps to perform task in an easy way with less time consumed. Some
companies are become fully automated while others strive for the similar setting.
Computer programmers develop things like computer system that the rest of us could
use. The computer programmers tell the users what to do. They make programs that
users can easily used or understand. The advent of new technology gave rise to easy
and hassle free interaction between and among humans. Whether it is business, science
or whatever task a person takes on the quality and speed of carrying it out are enhanced
with automation at the core of this efficient (Ghanna 2016)

Technology has become one of the most important elements in today's societies and its
role in our lives keeps getting complex. Technology takes different forms
and nowadays people provide various descriptions about it and a majority of these are
dependent on what or how it has been effective in one's job

The Hotel Industry like any other business opens up socio-economic opportunities for
both owner and customer. It has the function of providing hospitality services to
customers. These customers can be travelers, foreigners, businessmen, tourists, visitors,
etc. Customers are mostly constrained in trying to get a room to pass the night, as the
usual practice is to look for a hotel when you have arrived in particular location, walk in
and find out whether there is a vacant room. In the case that there is no vacant room, you
have to move to next closest hotel to enquire once more. So what happens if you move
around sometimes very late in the night in search of a room and all close by hotels are
fully booked? Other times you may be lucky to have the contact number of the hotel to
reach them to book for a room. But do the hotel attendants really ensure to keep a room
for you? You would be lucky to go and get a room booked for you. They are quick to serve
those who walk in rather than those who may get access to them on phone to book a
room. On other times too, if you have friends or family members in the area you want a
room booked, they have to go and do the checking for you. There is no system in place
that bonds the hotel and the customer that the customer has actually booked a room and
for that matter he is guaranteed a room. This can make customers really stranded
especially if it is getting late in the night.

Hotels should plan for strategic significance for the convenience of the employees and
for faster transaction. Automated reservation systems provide hotels with the most
advanced way of dealing all the reservations and other transactions related to their
business. It must also reduce time consumption and therefore cut off the hassle for the
personnel in charge and also for the guests. When all of these factors will be attained by
a certain hotel, it will gain popularity, greatly boost sales, and stand out with the other
competing hotels. For the hotel to attain these successes and solve the common
problems, a modern hotel management system should be used and at the same time take
advantage of the internet to make online reservation systems. The purpose of this study
is to gather data about the company and investigate its processes. By this, the proponents
were able to find some alternative ways to solve the company’s problems. By making a
centralized billing system, room management, and online reservation system,
implementing online payments for the online reservation, creating data archiving of
reservation and other transaction and to generate reports. This solution will assist the
personnel-in-charge in the front desk in terms of fast transaction, secured data archiving,
and generating fast sales report. The significance of the study is that the proponents were
able to come up with an automated system that is also web-based for the Humberto’s
hotel. The online reservation system is a useful tool for hotel managers as this could make
their hotel competitive. However, this requires an automated system and centralized
database to cater all the reservations quickly. Compared to a manual system, which uses
handwork or some traditional ways of making reservations and transactions (which is very
time consuming), an automated hotel management system can quickly finish all of these
with just a few clicks (Camino, Salamom,Yap 2016).

The primary purpose of this study was to know the level of awareness of hotel owners in
Davao City regarding eco-friendly practices. Respondents of this study were the selected
hotel staff here in Davao City. This study helps the hotel management to be aware
regarding eco-friendly practices. This study is beneficial to hotel establishment owners to
formulate planning strategies which lead to competitive advantage over other hotels. It
helps the policy makers establish decisions to adopt green chemistry practices. Findings
showed that most of the selected hotels are very highly aware in the waste segregation,
chemical use, air quality, energy efficiency, cleaning, maintenance, and daily activity,
highly aware in laundry and poorly aware in water conservation. The researchers
recommend that hotels must practice water conservation (Patiam,Tan,Villasor 2017).

A hotel reservation system receives hotel reservations from a travel agent or other
authorized user and enters information relating to the traveler and the reservation into a
hotel reservation terminal. The reservation information is transferred to transaction
processor via a communications link, where the processor automatically generates
transaction documents related to the traveler, the travel agent and the hotel
accommodations. These transaction documents are then sequentially transmitted by the
processor using a facsimile to various parties having an interest in the reservation
transaction. A confirmation document is sent to the hotel for which the accommodations
have been reserved. The banking institution through which the transaction has been
financed is notified to pay the hotel and others, and the travel agent is also sent a
confirming transaction document (FELDMAN 2016).

An active reservation system that allows an event vendor to maintain a stand-alone

inventory control system which ties directly to an active reservation server, which in turn
is distributed through Internet-based reservation systems (web sites) to the users of the
Internet. The reservation system includes a local event server that provides the means of
maintaining the inventory and the communications with the active reservation server. The
local event server allows the event vendor to allocate, control and reserve their inventory
at their place of business. This server can then communicate over a network to an active
reservation server, which maintains data that Internet-based reservation systems use to
provide access to the inventory. The event vendor maintains total control over their
inventory while allowing access to that inventory by a much larger audience (MANKES
2015).

A reservations system for hotel chains in which matrix arrays defining maximum rooms
for sale, protected inventory, and matrices derived from these two, all by room-type/rate-
category combinations. The system provides for generalized control of inventory for sale
for an arbitrary number of room-types, rate-categories, etc. The system also allows
blocking or protecting inventory by rate-category, room-type, or any combination. The
system of the invention allows for either a central or a distributed view of inventory, and
allows inventory to be controlled by the property and sold at any location without over-
selling. The system of the invention provides the level of control necessary to handle the
four major inventory control strategies that the hotel industry will likely require over the
next ten years: total control centrally, central indicators and distributed inventory, totally
distributed inventory, or a mixed mode of operation utilizing any combination of central or
distributed inventory. In each case, the system of the invention provide a common,
effective and complete solution (KerrTodd,Willenborg 2018).

A method of using a computer to select hotels described in a database. A special user

interface permits entry of criteria in one or more categories that describe the hotel. The
computer searches the database and displays a list of hotels that satisfy the criteria. The
computer then permits the user to identify any hotel on the list and, in response, displays
detailed information about that hotel. The selection categories and the detailed
information are designed to provide two levels of information, thereby separating objective
evaluation from subjective browsing (Schneider,Turner,Stavnes 2015).

–Investigates the concept of strategic alliances in the context of hotel sector small firms.
The rapid increase in the number of international strategic alliances is recognized as one
of the most significant management trends of the 1990s. In particular, they may affect
firms′ cost structures, and provide access to important strategic resources. In this respect,
strategic alliances are potentially important strategic options for the non‐dominant small
hotel firm. Investigates the role of such strategic alliances within the hotel sector, where
the small firm represents around 75 per cent of operations. Places specific focus on the
marketing function, where examples of strategic alliances can be seen mainly in the form
of: public sector referral; airline; hotel reservation service; and hotel marketing consortia.
Evaluates the use of strategic alliances as an effective means of achieving improved
small hotel firm business performance and draws conclusions. Finally, presents the
rationale for adopting the given tripartite model (Morrison 2016).
Traditionally the hospitality industry has been slow to adopt new systems and
technologies. This can be witnessed particularly in the hotel industry’s utilization of yield
management (YM). Based on the experiences of hotel managers, explores the problems
encountered during the introduction of YM into the accommodation function and highlights
possible approaches for managing the change from traditional management techniques
to a YM system. Found that this transition was best achieved by developing a conceptual
and/or working knowledge of YM at three levels in the company: head office, unit general
managers, and staff. A team approach within the unit was considered essential involving,
ideally, the yield specialists, the functional specialists and the general manager acting as
a co‐ordinator. Change was more easily effected if a well‐planned, unit‐specific, and
timely training programme emphasized the similarities with and not the differences
between traditional management techniques and a YM approach. Considerable
challenges remain for software developers to provide industry‐specific and user‐friendly
packages (Donaghy 2018).

Disclosed is a reservation system terminal connected to a host computer for controlling

the overall reservation status. The terminal can inquire of the host computer the present
reservation status, request the reservation acquisition, and prepare, refer to, or change
the reservation record to be received by the host computer. The terminal is provided with
a terminal computer, a display unit (17) and a pointing device. The terminal computer can
execute in parallel mode a plurality of tasks such as a reservation process for a
reservation acquisition task, a reservation edition process for reservation record
preparation and a change task, a reservation record reference process for preparing a
reservation record reference task, etc. In each of these processes (reservation,
reservation, edition, reservation record reference), images are formed, respectively, and
displayed in multiwindow fashion. Each image includes a plurality of arranged visible parts
operable by the pointing device. Therefore, various tasks related to reservation can be
executed simply when the operator points to positions on these visible parts with the
pointing device. Various data that is usable in common is automatically transferred among
the above-mentioned processes and coordinated through inter-process communications.
The arrangement of the images can be freely changed, so that any required image can
be displayed in the front of a multidisplay image (Inada 2016)

Methods and system for effecting the instantaneous data transmission to a locally
operated computer system upon an occurrence in the computer reservation system
(CRS). Specifically, a method for automatically generating pre-ticketed travel information
is disclosed, in which booked reservation information and traveler information in a is
automatically transmitted to a locally operated computer system as soon as the booking
of the reservation is complete. When the reservation information included more that one
travel transaction, such as an air transaction, a hotel transaction and a rental car
transaction, the traveler and reservation information is stored in a manner to track
common information between different travel transactions, such as sale information,
rather than track individual travel transactions. Also, a method of automatically updating
an existing customer profile in a locally operated computer system upon the detection of
the update of the corresponding customer profile in a (CRS) is discussed (Acebo, Frawley
2015).

1.2Research Paradigm

The research paradigm comprises of input, process and output of the proposed system.
In input, you can find the requirements needed for the user to initialize the system. The
process sows the procedure in applying the requirements for the final output. Today,
many systems have used an automation process like using computer system, due to the
efficient and accuracy. Hotel Reservation System is a transaction processing system. In
this system there are more advantages rather than a manual Hotel Reservation.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. What are the task

involved in
developing the hotel
reservation system?
Rapid Application
2. What are the
Development
common problems
in a Hotel business 1. Requirements
Planning
venture?
2. User Design
3. Prototyping
3. What features 4. Construction
are to be
5. Testing
HOTEL
implemented
RESERVATION
in proposed
system?

4. How to be
connected with
Guests?

5. What will be the

system usability
scale score of the
system?
 FEEDBACK

1.3Statement of the problem

1. What are the task involved in developing the Hotel reservation system?
2. What are the common problems in a Hotel business venture?
3. What features are to be implemented in proposed system?

4. How to be connected with guests?

5. What will be the system usability scale score of the system?