DRUG CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF CONTRA- SIDE EFFECTS NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

ACTION INDICATION
Generic name: Classification Maintain acid-base Contraindicated in: CNS: confusion, restlessness, ● Assess for signs and symptoms of
potassium Therapeutic: mineral and balance, isotonicity, Hyperkalemia; Severe weakness. hypokalemia (weakness, fatigue, U
chloride electrolyte and elec- renal impairment; CV: ARRHYTHMIAS, ECG wave on ECG, arrhythmias, polyuria,
replacements/supplemen trophysiologic balance Untreated Addison’s changes. GI: abdominal pain, polydipsia) and hyperkalemia (see
Dose: ts of the cell.Activator in disease; Severe tissue diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, Toxicity and Overdose).
80 mg many enzymatic trauma; Hyperkalemic vomiting; tablets, capsules ● Monitor pulse, blood pressure, and
Indications PO, IV: reactions; essential to familial periodic pa- only, GI ulceration, stenotic ECG periodically during IV therapy.
Route: Treatment/prevention of transmis- sion of nerve ralysis; Some products lesions. Local: irritation at IV ● Lab Test Considerations: Monitor
IV incorporated potassium depletion. impulses; contraction may contain tartrazine site. Neuro: paralysis, serum potassium before and
with PNSS 1L IV: Arrhythmias due to of cardiac, skeletal, and (FDC yellow dye #5) or paresthesia. periodically during therapy. Monitor
digoxin toxicity. smooth muscle; gastric alcohol; avoid using in renal function, serum bicarbonate,
Frequency: secretion; renal patients with known and pH.Determine serum magnesium
To run for function; tissue hypersensitivity or level if patient has refractory
12hours synthesis; and intoler- ance; hypokalemia; hypomagnesemia
carbohydrate Potassium acetate should be corrected to facilitate
metabolism. injection contains effectiveness of potassium
Therapeutic Effects: alumi- num, which replacement. Moni- tor serum
Replacement. may become toxic chloride because hypochloremia may
Prevention of with prolonged use to occur if replacing potassium without
deficiency. high risk groups (renal con- current chloride. ● Toxicity and
impairment, pre- Overdose: Symptoms of toxicity are
mature neonates). those of hyperkalemia (slow, irregular
heartbeat; fatigue; muscle weakness;
paresthesia; confusion; dyspnea;
peaked T waves; de- pressed ST
segments; prolonged QT segments;
widened QRS complexes; loss of P
waves; and cardiac arrhythmias). ●
Treatment includes discontinuation of
potassium,administration of sodium
bicarbonate to correct acidosis,
dextrose and insulin to facilitate
passage of potassium into cells,
calcium salts to reverse ECG effects (in
patients who are not receiving
digoxin), sodium polystyrene used as
an exchange resin, and/or dialysis for
patient with impaired renal function.
 NAME OF DRUG CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING CONSIDERATION

Generic name: Analgesic ( Non-opioid) Paracetamol may cause To relieve mild to Hypersensitivity to Hematologic: >Assess patient’s pain: type of
Paracetamol analgesia by inhibiting moderate pain due pain, location, intensity,
Antipyretic CNS prostaglandin acetaminophen or hemolytic anemia, duration, and diaphoresis.
to things such as
Brand name: synthesis. The mechanism leukopenia,
headache, muscle phenacetin; use with
Biogesic of morphine is believed to neutropenia, >Assess allergic reactions: rash,
and joint pain,
involve decreased alcohol pancytopenia, urticaria; if these occur, drug
backache and
Dose: permeability of the cell thrombocytopenia. may have to be discontinued.
period pains. It is
500 mg 1 tab membrane to sodium,
also used to bring Hepatic:
which results in >Teach patient to recognize
Route: diminished transmission down a high signs of chronic overdose:
temperature. For liver damage,
Oral of pain impulses bleeding, bruising, malaise,
this reason, jaundice
therefore analgesia. fever, sore throat.
Frequency: paracetamol can be Metabolic:
q 4° given to children hypoglycemia >Tell patient to notify prescriber
after vaccinations for pain/ fever lasting for more
to prevent post- Skin: rash, urticuria than 3 days.
immunization
pyrexia (high
temperature).
Paracetamol is
often included in
cough, cold and flu
remedies
 DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

GENERIC NAME: CLASSIFICATION: It is similar to Treatment of Hypersensitivity to CNS: headache, - Obtain history of hypersensitivity to
Piperacillin / Antiinfective; Beta- that of other moderate to severe penicillins, insomnia, fever penicillins, cephalosphorins, or other
Tazobactam lactam antibiotic; penicillins. appendicitis, cephalosphorins, or other drugs prior to administration,
Anti-pseudomonal Interfere with uncomplicated and drugs. Safety in children < GI: diarrhea, nausea, - Obtain specimen for culture and
penicillin bacterial cell wall complicated skin and 12 years old, pregnancy, constipation, vomiting, sensitivity prior to first dose of the
Dose: synthesis promotes skin structure infections, lactation. pseudomembranous drug; start drug pending results.
500 mg loss of membrane nosocomial or colitis Periodic CBC with differential, platelet
integrity and leads community-acquired count, Hgb & Hgt, and serum
Route: to death of the pneumonia caused SKIN: hypersensitivity electrolytes.
IV organism. piperacillin-resistant, reactions ,rash, pruritus - Monitor for hypersensitivity response;
piperacillin/tazobactam discontinue drug and notify physician if
Frequency: susceptible, beta- allergic response noted.
q8 lactamase-producing - Monitor for hemorrhagic
bacteria. manifestations because high dose may
induce coagulation abnormalities.
- Instruct family/significant others to
report significant, unexplained
diarrhea.
- Monitor vital signs because of cardiac
arrhythmias, hypertension and fever as
adverse reactions.
 SCIENTIFIC
ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS PLANNING INTERVENTION RATIONALE Expected Outcome
EXPLANATION

S: “Nananakit ang Pain related to Surgical Complex responses of After 4 hours of  Monitor vital  To have a After 4 hours of
pinaghiwaan sa akin Incision tissue and nerve nursing intervention, signs. baseline data. nursing intervention,
lalo pag naubo ako.” endings due to trauma the client’s reported the client’s pain is
from surgery (incision) pain will subside.  Instruct the client reduced to 4/10.
and cause to do deep
hypersensitivity to the breathing
O: >pain scale: 7/10
central nervous exercises
>Facial grimace system that causes
 Give medication
> Protective unpleasant physical
ordered by the
behavior and emotional physician.
reactions and
> Restless responses.
> sighing