The term "analytic reasoning" refers to recognizing patterns and connections in a

variety of information.
• Each analytical reasoning question is a logical puzzle, based on a given set of
conditions
• Analytical reasoning questions are presented in groups of four or five questions.
Each group is based on a short passage followed by a set of conditions.
• Analytical Reasoning test measures your ability to analyze and to draw result
from a complex situation by applying your logic.
• Analytical Reasoning questions are designed to assess the ability to consider a
group of facts and rules, and, given those facts and rules, determine what could or
must be true. The specific scenarios associated with these questions are usually
unrelated to law, since they are intended to be accessible to a wide range of test
takers. However, the skills tested parallel those involved in determining what
could or must be the case given a set of regulations, the terms of a contract, or the
facts of a legal case in relation to the law. In Analytical Reasoning questions, you
are asked to reason deductively from a set of statements and rules or principles
that describe relationships among persons, things, or events.
• Analytical Reasoning questions appear in sets, with each set based on a single
passage. The passage used for each set of questions describes common ordering
relationships or grouping relationships, or a combination of both types of
relationships. Examples include scheduling employees for work shifts, assigning
instructors to class sections, ordering tasks according to priority, and distributing
grants for projects.
• Analytical Reasoning questions test a range of deductive reasoning skills. These
include:
• Comprehending the basic structure of a set of relationships by determining a
complete solution to die problem posed (for example, an acceptable seating
arrangement of all six diplomats around a table)
• Reasoning with conditional ("if-then") statements and recognizing logically
equivalent formulations of such statements
• Inferring what could be true or must be true from given facts and rules
• Inferring what could be true or must be true from given facts and rules together
with new information in the form of an additional or substitute fact or rule
• Recognizing when two statements are logically equivalent in context by
identifying a condition or rule that could replace one of the original conditions
while still resulting in the same possible outcomes
Analytical reasoning Types
• Seating Arrangements
• Sequencing
• Combinations
• Comparisons
• Selections
• Ranking
• Relations
• Grouping
Techniques used for Analytical problem solving
• Van Diagrams
• Math Operators
• Line up representation
• Equations
• Table representation
• Diagrams & Notations
• Basic Linear Sequence Game set up
• If then Notation:
• Grouping Game Diagrams
Math Symbols
Any good diagramming system must be:
• Fast - You must be able to express ideas in shorthand to save time
• Neat - messy notations will cost You points
• Easy to Understand —You must instantly understand what your notations mean
1: Entities
• One of the first steps in setting up your diagram is write down a letter or
number to represent each of your entities. Each game will have a list of entities
that will be placed into an order or groups or both. Start by writing down this list
of entities. For example: you are told that there are 5 different clogs in a race and
they are a Labrador, Mixed Breed, Newfoundland, Poodle, and a Schauzer.
Record this list of entities as follows:
•LMNPS
• Notice that we only used one letter for Mixed Breed. There is no sense in
confusing yourself with additional letters. Keep it to one letter per entity. Also
notice that the entities are given in alphabetical order. However, they will often
leave our a letter or two to confuse you. Some students will unwittingly insert that
letter by force of habit. For example in this question many students might just
add in the letter O because the are used to O following L M N. Make sure your list
of entities matches those given.
• Now that we have our list of entities we can move on to the diagram itself.
2: Basic Linear Sequence Game set up
• A Linear Sequence Game will ask you to place a set of entities in order. This
could be expressed in a number of ways including: 1st to 6th, First to Last,
Monday to Friday, Top to Bottom, Front to Back, etc.
• In order to make a place for each entity in your diagram simply lout an
underline for each space where an entity will go. So if we are told to list five dogs
in order from fastest to slowest we can set up our game as follows:
• ____ _____ _____ _____ ______
• We now have 5 spots for our 5 dogs. If you want you could put F and S at the
ends of the diagram to represent that it goes from Fastest to Slowest. This is
usually not necessary and can waste time when you are re-drawing your diagram.
If you chose to include this extra notation make sure that the F and S do not
match any of your entities. For example if you had a Schnauzer as one of your dog
types you would not want to have S for Schauzer and S for slowest. One way you
can avoid this is to put the f and s for fast and slow in lower case.
3: Fixed Entity
• If we are told that an entity is placed in one spot then we can just fill that
directly into the diagram. This is the easiest type of rule to include. For example if
we are told that the Schnauzer will be 3rd fastest then we can include it as
follows:
• Not in that spot: If we are told that a particular entity does not go in a particular
spot we should add that directly to our diagram by putting the entity under that
spot and designating that it does not go there. There are number of ways to
designate that the entity does not go there. You can put a slash through it, or put
— in front of the entity. Find one that works best for you. For example if we are
told the the Poodle is not the fastest dog we can include it in our diagram as
follows:
4: Here or There Pair notation:
• This notation is used when two entities are going to fill two spots but we don't
know which entity is in which spot. For example if K and T must be in spots 2 and
3. We know we either have K in 2 and T in 3 or T in 2 and K in 3.
• The way to express this with the Here or There Pair notation is as follows:
5: If then Notation
• Use an arrow ====> for If then statements. Just rewrite the if then statement
replacing If and then with ====> arrows. Also remember to shorten the entity to
the first letter.
• For example the statement: If Albert is included then Bert is also included. Can
be expressed as:
• ====> A ====> B
6: Spots Between notation:
• If we are told that entities are a specific number of spots apart simply insert that
many blank lines between them. For example: Two runners come after Sarah but
before Fred. Can be expressed as
S ____ _____ F
• This can be combined with the Here or There Pair notation.
•Example: Two runners come between Sarah and Fred.
S/F ____ ____ F/S
Example: 1
• 7 persons live in a street, having houses in line. Consider the following:
1. A lives in the corner's house.
2. 2. C is between E and G 3.
3. There is 1 house between D and F 4.
4. F is neighbor of G s.
5. There are two houses between A and G
Solution
7 Persons A,B,C,D,E,F,G
• 7 persons live in a street
We can make
XXXXXXX
1.A lives in the corner's house
So, there are two possibilities:
AXXXXXX
XXXXXXA
2. C is between E and G
Here, also two possibilities:
ECG
GCE
3. There is 1 house between D and F Two possibilities:
DXF
FXD
4. F is neighbor of G
2 possibilities
F G or G F
There are two houses between A and G
AXXG
GXXA
Two houses between A and G: A X X G
C is between E and G: A E C G
F is neighbor of G: A E C G F
1 house between D and F : A E C G F X D
And finally: A E C G F B D
Example: 2
• As part of their sports physical, seven college athletes F, G, H, I,J, K and L are
being weighed. In announcing the results of the physical exams, the coach has
given the following information.
i. None of the athletes is exactly the same weight as another athlete.
ii: K is heavier than L, but lighter than H.
iii. I is heavier than J
iv. Both F and G are heavier than H.
Solution
• We Can Make Such relations from Given Information
1: Seven College athletes are F G H I J K L
i. None of the athletes is exactly the same weight as another athlete. So we can
represent as F > G > H > I > J > K > L
ii: K is heavier than L, but lighter than H.
H>K>L
iii: I is heavier than J : I > J
iv. Both F and G are heavier than H. F > G > H OR G > F > H
• So the overall relation for Given athlete becomes
H>K>L
F > G > H > k > L OR G > F > H > k > L
Where I > J can be adjusted anywhere in Above relations Any Single Athlete or
more can be possible between I & J Such as I > F > J, I > J > G, I > H > K > J
• Question. 1: Each of the following could be true EXCEPT
A. F is the heaviest.
B. G is the heaviest.
C. I is the heaviest.
D. More than three athletes are heavier than K.
E. More than three athletes are lighter than K.
• Answer is E
• As Maximum three athletes can be lighter than K
• F > G > H > k > L > I > J OR G > F > H > k > L > I > J
• Question.2: Which of the following, if true, would be sufficient to determine
which athlete is the lightest?
A. I is the heaviest
B. I is lighter than K
C. K is heavier than J
D. J is heavier than K
E. Exactly five students are lighter than F.
• Answer is D
• If J is heavier than K then simply L will be the Lightest
• F > G > H > k > L OR G > F > H > k > L and I > J before K.
• Question. 3: If J is heavier than F, how many different rankings by weight, of the
athletes are possible?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
• Answer is D
• As F > G > H > k > L OR G > F > H > k > L & I > J > F
• If J > F then following relations can be possible
•I>J>F>G>H>k>L
•I>J>G>F>H>k>L
•I>G>J>F>H>K>L
•G>I>J>F>H>K>L
• Question. 4: If H is heavier than I, which of the following CANNOT be true?
A. I's weight is equal to the average of F's weight and G's weight.
B. I's weight is equal to the average of K's weight and L's weight
C. J's weight is equal to the average of K's weight and L's weight
D. J is the second lightest.
Answer is A
As H > I so possible relations can be
F > G > H > k > I > L > J OR G > F > H > I > k > J > L