-Social inequality occurs when resources in a given society are distributed unevenly, typically through norms of

allocation, that engender specific patterns along lines of socially defined categories of persons. It is the
differentiation preference of access of social goods in the society brought about by power, religion, kinship,
prestige, race, ethnicity, gender, age, sexual orientation, and class.

-Gender inequality acknowledges that men and women are not equal and that gender affects an individual's lived
experience. These differences arise from distinctions in biology, psychology, and cultural norms. Some of these
distinctions are empirically grounded while others appear to be socially constructed. Studies show the different
lived experience of genders across many domains including education, life expectancy, personality, interests,
family life, careers, and political affiliations. Gender inequality is experienced differently across cultures.

-Other Minorities - Civil rights are considered the basic rights that all citizens of a society have. Not all individuals
in the World have always had their basic civil rights protected. Minorities, for example, have long struggled for civil
rights. The rights of minorities are typically divided into two groups: the rights of the individual minority and the
collective rights of a particular minority group.
Many of the rights of minorities are set out in the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It states,
in part, 'All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights... Everyone is entitled to rights...without
distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social
origin, property, birth or other status... All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to
equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination... and against any
incitement to... discrimination... Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work...'

-Global Inequality - Inequality has been on the rise across the globe for several decades. Some countries have
reduced the numbers of people living in extreme poverty. But economic gaps have continued to grow as the very
richest amass unprecedented levels of wealth. Among industrial nations, the United States is by far the most top-
heavy, with much greater shares of national wealth and income going to the richest 1 percent than any other
country.

-Race and Ethnic Issues - When discussing racial and ethnic inequalities, perhaps it is best to first cite the
difference between the two. Within the sector known as public health, there is often disagreement over the
correct usage of the term "race." The mistake often made by both scientific specialists and the general public is
that race is based upon the idea that human beings can be separated into distinct human races identifiable
through distinct physical traits, such as skin color, hair texture, and facial features. Furthermore, many believe that
these physical or other distinguishing traits are linked to a homogeneous set of genes that differentiate one race
from another. The roots of these malformed ideas date back to the 15th century, when the ability to verify ideas
and theories using sound scientific methods was not an option. In modern times, scientists from a host of different
disciplines, including anthropology, biology, genetics, and sociology, all concur that evidence of distinct human
races does not exist. This then is where the concept of ethnicity comes into play. Evolving as a concept during the
late 18th century, ethnicity is usually defined as membership in a group with shared geographical origins or
cultural histories, including common language, religion, art, and other related factors. In public health studies,
ethnicity is clearly distinguished from race. For instance, in North America, the most common ethnic group is that
of the Hispanic or Latino/Latina culture. In everyday speech, racial terms like "African Americans" are often used
when considering biological relations in terms of populations. Yet, when thinking of cultural relations, some
consider the term "ethnic group," such as Caucasians or American Indians, to be more appropriate for classifying
people emanating from particular groups.