Lipids of physiologic significance & dietary lipid metabolism.

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1. 50-100 g/day of triacylglycerols 35-50% of total daily 20. Consumption of: Reduce risk of coronary heart disease
respond to how much of RDI? energy intake EPA -
Eicosapentaenoic - Prevent clot
2. Activation of FA transport into at least 3 acyl-coa-
acid - Protect against arrythmia
Mitochondria is catalyzed by? synthetases that differ in
DHA - - lower BP
chain length specificites
Docosahexanoic
3. Alcohol gives how much kcal/g 7 acid
4. ALL except which FA are very long chains
catabolized in mitochondrion may do what?
exept? 21. The contraction Cholecystokinin (CCK)
5. Alpha-linolenic acid belongs to 3 of gallbladder &
omega family#? secretion of
Pancreatic
6. Arachidionic acid, formula 20:4 (5,8,11,14)
enzymes are
7. Assembly & secretion of Intestinal mucosal cells stimulated by gut
chylomicrons is done by hormone ......X......
8. at physiologic PH, COOH group Ionizes to COO- which is secreted
of FA does what by intestinal cells
when stomach
9. B oxidation location Mitochondrial matrix contents enter
10. Carnitine deficiency or Carnitine - muscle pain/fatigue intestine
acyltransferase deficiency may - Elevated FFA 22. Dietary fat leaves Bile salts
lead to - Reduced ketone stomach & enters
production in liver during small intestine,
fast. where it is
- Hypoglycemia emulsified by
- Coma/death
23. Difference Cholic acid has extra hydroxyl group
11. Carnitine shuttle is inhibited by Malonyl-CoA (carnitine between cholic
acyltransferase) (Carnitine acid &
palmitoyl-transferase1) deoxycholic acid
12. Carnitine shuttle transfers? FA from Cytoplasm to 24. DRAW 1.2
mitochondria for diacylglycerol
oxidation
13. Cholestane contains how many 27
carbons
14. Cholesterol & fat soluble Lipid diffusion
25. Draw action of
vitamins (ADEK) are absorbed
Pancreatic
into epithelial cells of ileum by?
esterases
15. Cholesterol is precursor for? Bile
16. Chylomicrons is? Lipoprotein
Exoggenous FA
17. Common to all of steroids is Gonane
core structure consisting of 4
saturated rings, known as?
18. Complex lipids are? Esters of FA's containing
groups in addition to an
acohol & FA
19. Complex lipids include Phospholipids
26. Draw action of 32. Draw degradation
pancreatic lipase of phospholipids
in intestine

33. Draw gonane

27. Draw action of

stomach lipase
34. Draw metabolism
of unsaturated FA

28. Draw activity/ph

curve for stomach
lipase &
pancreatic lipase

29. Draw assembly &

secretion of
35. Draw
chylomicrons
Monoacylglycerol
formation

30. draw cholestane

36. Draw overview

table chart of
lipolisys &
oxidation of FA

31. Draw cholesterol

37. draw pathway of 41. Draw structure of
TG's Glycerophospholipids

38. Draw peroxisomal 42. Draw structure of

oxidation of FA Sphingolipids

43. Draw structure of TG

39. Draw scheme of
B-oxidation
regulation

40. Draw steps of b-

oxidation

44. draw transport of FA

into mitochondria
45. Draw 58. Glycocholate vs taurocholate Glycocholate - Glycine
Triacylglycerol
Taurocholate - Taurine
59. Glycolipids are? Lipids containing FA,
Sphingosine +
Carbohydrate
46. Draw
60. the goal of partial making unsaturated more
triacylglycerol
hydrogenation is? saturated,

Higher melting point -->

47. DRAW, With Extending shelf life
structures the
reactions that 61. Gonane contains how many 17
channel carbons
proprionyl-COA 62. Health risks of trans fats Coronary heart disease
into TCA cycle Cancer
48. Essential FA are Need to be supplied in DIET. Diabetes
Fa that? Obesity
Liver dysfunction
49. Explain micelles hydrophillic outside Infertility

Hydrophobic intside ( increasing surface 63. how much g/day of 50-100 g/day
for enzyme binding) Triacylglycerols in intestinal
lumen
50. Explain the
coordinated 64. Important nutritional essential - a-linolenic acid (ALA)
regulation of FA omega 3 FA are? (18;3-(3)
synthesis &
breakdown - Eicosapentaenoic acid
(EPA, 20:5 - (3)

Docosahexaenoic acid
51. FA's which contain Unsaturated FA's
(DHA, 22;6 -(3)
double bonds are
termed as? 65. In between double bonds in CH2
unsaturated FA's we always
52. Fat content of 21% men
have?
normal humans % 26% women
66. In glycerophospholipids, the glycerol
53. Fat fuels include? triacylglycerol
alcohol is a?
Long-chain fatty acids
Medium-chain fatty acids 67. In polyunsaturated FA's, before Reductase
Short-chain faty aids b-oxidation what is needed
Ketone bodies Adds H's to second
Very long chain fatty acids double bond.
54. Fat gives how 9 68. In spingophospholipids, the Spingosine
many kcal/g alcohol is?
55. Fatty acids that SATURATED FA's 69. Isomerase converts .... on cis TO trans & moves
contain NO C-C Unsaturated FA double bond to 2
double bonds are position
termed as? 70. Lauric acid, formula 12
56. Free fatty acids Albumin to form non-esterified FA's that 71. Linoleic acid belongs to omega 6
bind to? are soluble in blood. family #?
57. Gamma-linolenic -17 72. Linoleic acid formula 18:2 (9,12) -
acid, melting polyunsaturated
point
73. Linoleic acid is? Essential
74. Linoleic acid, melting point -9 91. oleic acid, melting point 13,4
75. Linolenic acid formula 18:3 (9,12,15) - 92. Omega 6 Fa are essential Linoleic acid (18;2)-6
polyunsaturated closely related chemical
analogues that are derived Arachidonic acid (20;4) -
76. Lipids of physiological 1. Energy storage
from? 6
importance for humans have 4 2. Structural components
major functions of biological 93. Optimum Ph for pancreatic 8
membranes lipase is
3. Insulation - Conducts
94. Optimum pH for stomach lipase 5
heat poorly.
is
4. Special tasks -
Anchor, signalling, visual 95. Oxidation of Unsaturated FA in Breakdown products that
pigment & cofactor membrane lipids yields? cause membrane damage

77. Long chain FA's are? Insoluble in water

Which can lead to
(albumins or
hemolytic anemia (e.g
lipoproteins)
vitamin E deficiency)
78. Long chain fatty acids have how 12-20
96. Palmitoleic acid, formula 16.1 (9)
many carbons
97. a person with normal fat count 2-3 months
79. Long chain FA use what Carnitine cycle
can survive starvation for how
membrane transport
long
80. Medium-chain acyl-coA -Hypoglycemia - C8-
98. Phospholipids are? Lipids containing a
dehydrogenase (MCAD) C10 (12) acyl carnitines
phosphoric acid residue
deficiency may lead to? in blood.
in Addition to FA &
- Vomiting
alcohol
- Lethargy
- Minimal ketone 99. Phospholipids include Glycerophospholipids
production in liver SPhingophospholipids
- Coma /death 100. pKA for COOH in FA 4.8
81. Medium chain fatty acids have 4(6)-12 101. Precursor & derived lipids FA's
how many carbons include? Glycerol
82. Melting of fatty acids depends Nr of carbons Ketone bodies
on? Nr of double bonds 102. Proxisomal oxidation of very GENERATES NO ATP
83. Melting point of FA decrease Decreasing chain length long FA is similar to
with? mitochondrial oxiation BUT?
Double bonds (the more 103. Short chain fatty acids have 2-4
bonds the lower temp) how many carbons
84. Membrane lipids are? Polar (Sphingolipids) 104. Short & medium chain FA are Diffusion
85. Most natural FA's have Even number using what membrane transport
even/uneven number from 105. Short & medium chain FA's are? Amphipathic
backbone carbons because? Synthesis in 2-carbon
106. Side effect of chemical Transfats
units
hydrogenating is?
86. Most trans fats consumed today Partially hydrogenating
107. Simple lipids are? Esters of FA's with various
are created by? plant oils.
alcohols
87. Myristic acid, formula 14
108. Simple lipids include Fats
88. odd numbered FA undergo Their Proprionyl CoA (3
oxidation by same pathway as carbons) REMAINS after Waxes
saturated FA except?? final cycle
109. Sphingolipid also contains? Nitrogen!
89. Oleic acid, belongs to omega 9
110. Stearic acid has what formula 18:0 saturated
family #?
111. Stearic acid, melting point 69.6 celc
90. Oleic acid has what formula 18:1 (9) (mono
unsaturated)
112. Stochiomtetry 124. WHAT IS TOTAL
reaction for B- ATP YIELD FOR
oxidation of OXIDATION OF 1
palmitate MOL OF
PALMITIC ACID
TO CO2 & WATER

113. Storage lipids NONpolar

are?
(Triacylglycerols) 125. What molecules 1. Insoluble in aqueous solutions
are classified as 2. Soluble in organic solvents
114. Trans fats are? unsaturated FA with Trans config
lipids?
115. Triglyceride + Glycerol + 3 FFA (free fatty acids)
126. Which are the arachidonic acid
Lipoprotein
essential FA's linoleic acid
Lipase yields?
linolenic acid
116. Unsaturated FA Undergo reduction/rearrangement by
127. Which C24 bile Cholic acid
are degraded by other enzymes to produce intermediates
acids do we have Deoxycholic acid
oxidation recognized by same enzymes involved
enzymes but in B-oxidation
GLycocholate
double bonds?
Taurocholate
117. Unsaturated FA saturated
128. Which eicosinoids Prostaglandins
must be ....
are precursor & Thromboxanes
before B-
derived lipids Leucotrienes
oxidation
Prostacyclins
118. unsaturated FA's, Cis config
129. which is the lipid Carotenoid retinal ( light sensitive lipid)
the Double
which is related
bonds are almost
to visual pigment
always in?
in eye
119. Very long chain Peroxisomes
130. Which Cholesterol - C27
FA are
steroids/sterols Bile acids - C24
catabolized
are Adrenocortical hrmns - C21
where
precursor/derived Sex hormones - C19 & C18
120. Very long chain >22 lipids
fatty acids have
131. Which vitamins ADEK
how many
are precursor &
carbons
derived lipids
121. VLDV is? endogenous FA
132. Without Polyunsaturated
122. Waxes are? Esters of long chain FA's with long-chain exception, all
monohydric lipid alcohols essential FA are?
123. what are the 3 palmitic acid
most abundant oleic acid
fatty acids? stearic acid