Lab Sheet – EE3249

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(FEST)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Programme(s): Bachelor of Electrical & Electronics Lecturer :

Engineering with Honours
Date :
Course Title: APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETISM
Laboratory :
Course Code: EE3249

LABSHEET

WAVE RADIATION ANTENNA SYSTEM

Notes:
(1) On-the-spot evaluation may be carried out during or at the end of the experiment.
(2) Students are advised to read through this lab sheet before doing the experiment.
(3) Your performance, teamwork effort, and learning attitude will count towards the marks.

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 Lab Sheet – EE3249

1.0 Title:
WAVE RADIATION ANTENNA SYSTEM

2.0 Objective:
 To study and understand the principle and working of various antennas

3.0 Learning outcomes covered:

LO3 - Conduct experiment on wave transmissions (Psychomotor – manipulation, P2);

4.0 Equipment required

 RF Generator - 750 MHz Approx (amplitude adjustable).
 Tone Generator - 1.5 KHz Approx (amplitude adjustable).
 Directional Coupler - Forward & Reverse (selectable).
 Matching Stub - Slider Type`
 Antenna - Dipole antenna , Yagi antenna and Helix Antenna
 Forward/reserve meter - Provided on main panel
 Goniometer - Provided on main panel
 Supply - 230 V ± 10 % 50 Hz, 1 ~ AC
 Interconnection - 4mm Banana Non-stackable Sockets

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 Lab Sheet – EE3249

5.0 THEORY

BASIC ANTENNA
CONCEPTS

This section is a concise review of some important theory aspects concerned by the operation
of this trainer. This discussion does mean to be exhaustive but Just serve as a guide to
help student to relate what he has learned in his theory course to the hardware he is
facing.

Transmission Lines:

Transmissions lines are used to convey energy from a source (generator) to a load. The
generators are sine wave voltage sources The sine wave voltage applied to the line
input determines a sine wave current in it The ensemble of the sine wave voltage and
sine wave current is generally called a wave.

The wave propagates along the line.

The concept of a wave traveling from the source through the line is in harmony with the
idea of energy flowing f r o m the generator to the load as shown in Figure 5.0.

We now suppose that our transmission line, instead of being infinitely long, is cut and shorted
at a certain length

Figure 5.0.

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 Lab Sheet – EE3249

EXPERIMENT 1: PERFORMING FUNCTION CHECKS

AIM
To perform the function checks

Set up the antenna system with the antenna transmitter and the detector as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1

Refer to the equipment manual, test for below functional checks:

1. The DC power supply
2. The functioning of tone generator
3. The RF generator & directional coupler
4. The detector meter
5. The transmitting antenna transmits modulated signal

TASK
 Work in group of 3 to 4 students.
1. Produce the Standard of Procedure (SOP) on performing the functional test of the antenna
system
2. Test the system and discuss your result.

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 Lab Sheet – EE3249

EXPERIMENT 2: Radiation Pattern

`
AIM

The aim is to examine the three (3) types of antenna radiation pattern.

TASK
 Work in group of 3 to 4 students.
1. Select any three (3) types of antenna from the counter. List the name of the selected
antenna.

2. Test and analyses each characteristics of the antenna according to below specification:
a. Radiation Resistance

b. Radiation Pattern

c. Bandwidth

d. ApertureI Capture Area

Note: Each student will test at least one type of antenna.

3. Measure the reading 'at the interval of 15 or 30 (if you prefer ever 10) and note the reading
on the detector assembly.

4. Convert the IJA readings of detector into dBs, with the help of the conversion chart given
at the end of this workbook.

5. Plot the polar graph in degrees of rotation of antenna against level in the detector in dBs.

QUESTION

1. Calculate the following with the help of this graph for each antennas

a. Beam Width
 Look for main lobe
 Draw boresight maxima line AA'
 Mark - 3dB from maximum on the boresiqht line point B Draw an arc of
radius AB
 This are will interest main lobe at C & D
 Measure angle CAD. This angle is - 3dB beam width Similarly calculate -
1OdB beam width.

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 Lab Sheet – EE3249

b. Front / Back Ratio

 Look for the main lobe
 Draw boresight maxima line .A.A' C. Look for back lobe if any (at 180°) D.
If no back lobe,
 Then, front & back ratio = (AA' 11) dB
 If there is back lobe then measure AE Where E is the maximum of back
lobe.
 Then, front to back ratio = (AA' 1 AE) d

c. Gain of Antenna

Gain of Antenna: Gain of antenna is :

G= Maximum radiation intensity

Maximum radiation intensity from a ref.Antenna (isotropic antenna) with same
power input

Since we cannot have an ideal isotropic antenna we assume presume here that
its maximum radiation intensity is 1 dB and is 100% efficient Under this
assumption gain of antenna (or directional gain of antenna) is :

G = (AA’ /1) dB

2. Examine the radiation pattern from the polar graph.

3. Compare the radiation pattern among the three antennas and suggest the applications used.

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 Lab Sheet – EE3249

POLAR GRAPH

Name of Student and ID: Type of Antenna : Date : Page :

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 Lab Sheet – EE3249

POLAR GRAPH

Name of Student and ID: Type of Antenna : Date : Page :

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 Lab Sheet – EE3249

POLAR GRAPH

Name of Student and ID: Type of Antenna : Date : Page :

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 Lab Sheet – EE3249

Advice on sources of Information:

 Main reference supporting the course

o Ulaby, F.T. , Eric, M. & Umberto, R. (2010) Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics,

6th edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
o Antenna trainer (Operating Manual)
o Antenna trainer (Students Workbook)

 Additional reference supporting the course

o Ramo, S. & Whinnery, J. R. (1994) Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics, 3rd
edition, California: John Wiley.
o Jackson, J.D. (1999) Classical Electrodynamics, 3rd edition, California: John Wiley.
o Hammond, P. (1997) Electromagnetism for Engineers an Introductory Course, 4th
edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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 Lab Sheet – EE3249

Assessment Scheme
Marking Lab Experiment(20% Total)
Scheme Assessment Description Percentage
Components (%)

Hands-on and Students will be assessed on their hands-on knowledge 10%

Lab Activities of process design and to describe how variations in
design parameters influence the deliverables.

Viva Voce Students will be assessed orally, on-the-spot through a 10%

short viva voce session.

Lab Report After the completion of the design laboratory, an 80%

individual report should be submitted by the student.

The following information must be included in the

report:
(a) Report cover-sheet must include: Name, ID, Group,
and Date of Submission.
(b) Introduction
(c) Objective
(d) Theory
(e) Apparatus
(f) Procedure / Methodology
(g) Task
(h) Questions
(i) Conclusion
(j) References

All materials used must be cited in the report.

Citations and reference list should follow the Harvard
Referencing System.Examples
at:http://iskillzone.uwe.ac.uk/RenderPages/Rende
rConstellation.aspx?Context=10&Area=8&Room=
25&Constellation=39#

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