Professional Documents
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Vision: ZCSPC as the leading Mission: Provide effective and efficient Core Values:
provider of globally services through advanced technological 1. Love of God and Country
competitive human resources. studies and researches for the 2. Social Responsibility
empowerment of the nation’s human 3. Commitment/Dedication to the service
resources. 4. Accountability
CURRICULUM ESSENTIALS
By: Rosario P. Ocamia and Joanes C. Ocamia
A. Curriculum in School
Only those teachers who are trainees can play an effective role in
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Why are Teachers Important in the Implementation of Curriculum?
process.
curriculum process. While the state often dictates the skills covered by
A teacher can gauge whether an activity will fit into a specified time
sticking to the plan that has taken so much time, careful planning and
effort to create.
it better.
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achieve and what actually happens inside the classroom.
1. Program Philosophy
2. Content
3. Resources
curriculum.
prepare and deliver the new requirements of the new curriculum and
5. School Ethos
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school curriculum
6. Professional Support
the subject.
Curricularist
teacher is a curricularist.
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is the acquiring academic knowledge about formal (disciplines, logic) or
matter.
4. Initiates curriculum
implement.
the teacher, and the full belief that the curriculum will enhance
learning.
5
curriculum is always dynamic, hence keeps on changing. From the
curriculum.
How can one determine if the desired learning outcomes have been
achieved?
CURRICULUM came from the Latin word “currere” referring to the oval
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CURRICULUM refers to the whole body of a course in an educational
school
curriculum
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5. Its is a plan consists of learning opportunities for a specified
time frame and place, a tool that aims to bring about behavior
guidance of school.
and values are most worthwhile Why are they most worthwhile?
B. Scope of Curriculum
be addressed
3. Materials - The media and tools that are used for teaching and
learning
progress.
C. Nature of Curriculum
taught
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Curriculum is that which makes a difference between maturity and
1. Curriculum as a Content
emphasized
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conceptual structures
al 2009):
valid.
value will the contents have in present and future life of the
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learners? Interest is one of the driving forces for the
learners
future career
2. Curriculum as a Process
many others.
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strategies are means to achieve the end.
individual.
should be considered.
psychomotor.
considered.
3. Curriculum as a Product
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change for the better means alteration, modification, or improvement
of existing condition.
evaluation.
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4. Curriculum evaluating determines the extent to which the desired
1. Ralph Tyler Model: Four Basic Principles Also known as Tyler’s Rationale,
following questions:
these purposes?
not?
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c. Organization of the experiences
than from the top as what Tyler proposed. She presented seven major steps
specialization.
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b. Curriculum Designing - Designing a curriculum follows after appropriate
provided.
among students.
the school and the curriculum plan, the effectiveness of instruction and
goals of the school and the objectives of instruction have been met. All
evaluating.
A. Perennialism
intellect.
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Focus in the Curriculum – Classical subjects, literary analysis and
return to liberal.
B. Essentialism
subjects.
cultural literacy.
C. Progressivism
D. Reconstructionism
change.
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Role of Education – Teachers act as agents of change and reform in
students' need.
child- centered.
interpersonal relationships
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It is a basis upon which something stands or is supported. Curriculum
The major theories of learning have been classified into three groups:
1. Behaviorist Theories
a. Thorndike Connectionism
Classical Conditioning
neutral stimuli.
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Watson took Pavlov’s findings to another level.
not cognitive.
genetics.
forgotten”
2. Cognitive Theories
environment
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Concrete operations (ages 7 to 11) begins to think
words) to communicate
Russian psychologist
systems)
performance independently.
signal
given stimulus
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Multiple Discriminations: Responding in different ways to
concepts
cognitive development.
awareness.
It comes from the Latin word “Socius” - “social or being with others” -
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Education and Society Schools exist within, not apart from, social
pursuits
play
informal
values in students
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REFERENCES
Faraj, A., H., (2007). Curriculum And Teaching Methods Of Modern Education ,
(1st ed.). Arts Nscherwaltosea,Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305440869_A_16_th_Sugge
stions_for_Educational_Curriculum_Improvement_in_Jordan_from_the
_experts_point_of_view
Shafei, I. (2010). The School Curriculum From A New Perspective. (1st ed.).
Al Obeikan for publication and distribution, Amman, Jordan. Retrieved
from: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1079738.pdf
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Varlapink. (2015). Curriculum Its Meaning, Nature And Scope. Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/valarpink/curriculum-its-meaning-nature-
and-scope
Yeung, S., Lam, J., Leung, A., & Lo, Y. (2012). Critical Problems of
Contemporary Society and Their Influence on the Curriculum.
In Curriculum Change and Innovation (pp. 1-26). Aberdeen, Hong
Kong: Hong Kong University Press. Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1xwfn8.10
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