Abstract

This is a study conducted regarding the adsorption activity of combusted Sunflower

(Helianthus anuus) seed shells with calcium chloride treatment in lead contaminated aqueous

solution. Lead can enter drinking waters. It is when the pipes that contain lead corrode especially

where the water has high acidity or low mineral content that corrode pipes and fixtures.

Sunflower seed shells contain 55% cellulose and hemicellulose that’s beneficial in adsorption.

Based on the study of Arnal (n.d.), baking Sunflower hulls within an aluminum envelope in a

common laboratory oven yields charcoal by activating the specimens it can remove the

contaminants in both water and air. Charcoals are used to accumulate heavy metals in an aqueous

solution. The main objective of the study is to activate the sunflower seed shells by charcoal

making that is soaked in calcium chloride to be stable as an alternative accumulator in lead

potential aqueous solution. This research study aims to make an alternative and cheaper heavy

metal accumulator. It helps people to prevent poisoning due to lead for it can cause death to both

adult and child. It also helps to contribute to the socio-economically problems in making this

alternative accumulator. The experimentation was conducted with 3 set-ups containing 15 g and

30 g and the untreated set-up. The set-ups were tested at the Research Analytical Science

Laboratory in the University of Philippines Diliman. Results showed that sunflower seed shell is

an effective lead accumulator. Many efforts should be implemented for the study to be better and

improved.
Beau Steffi P. Joven

Abstract

This is a study conducted mainly about the antimicrobial activity of Bougainvillea

(Bougainvillea glabra) leaf extract against Salmonella typhimurium. Salmonella is the second

most common intestinal infection in the Philippines. More than 4,000 cases of Salmonella were

confirmed in 2009; however, the majority of cases go unreported. The Centers for Disease

Control and Prevention estimates that over 500,000 people in the Philippines contract Salmonella

each year, and that an average of 20,000 hospitalizations and almost 400 deaths occur from

Salmonella poisoning, according to a 2011 report. Salmonella infection usually occurs when a

person eats food contaminated with the feces of animals or humans carrying the bacteria.

Salmonella outbreaks are commonly associated with eggs, meat and poultry, but these bacteria

can also contaminate other foods such as fruits and vegetables. Foods that are most likely to

contain Salmonella include raw or undercooked eggs, raw milk, contaminated water, and raw or

undercooked meats. Salmonella can infect plant cells and successfully evade all the defense

mechanisms of plants so cleaning the surfaces of raw fruits and vegetables, e.g. by washing, is

not sufficient to protect against food poisoning. Bougainvillea leaves contain 55% of

Chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol that is responsible in antimicrobial activities. The main

objective of this study is to know if the extracted bougainvillea leaves can be an inhibitor for the

bacteria Salmonella typhimurium. The extracted specimen was put inside the vial from the

MRSL, NSRI in the University of Philippines Diliman. The results showed that bougainvillea

isn’t capable of inhibiting Salmonella typhimurium.

Aleksandre Morris T. Friginal

Respondents: Students

1. What are your insights about the word tardiness?

2. How do you feel when you come late in school?
3. How does tardiness affect your performance in school?
4. What do you think are the possible reasons why students come late to school?
5. Have you ever experienced consequences for being late in class?
6. How does your teacher treat the tardy students in the class?
7. On what extent does the teacher punishes the tardy students

Respondents: Teachers
1. What are your insights about the tardiness of students?
2. How do you feel when your students come late in school?
3. How do you think tardiness affect your students' performance in your class?
4. How do late students behave in your class?
5. How do you treat students who come late into your class?
6. What are the consequences that you give to late students?