Biology 2 Midterm Review A17

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Biology is the study of

a. minerals. c. the weather.
b. life. d. energy.
____ 2. Which of the following is characteristic of all living things?
a. reproduction c. cellular organization
b. metabolism d. All of the above
____ 3. Living things
a. require energy to carry on life processes.
b. have the ability to reproduce.
c. are composed of cells.
d. All of the above
____ 4. All living organisms are composed of
a. diatoms. c. cells.
b. cellulose. d. None of the above
____ 5. Cell membranes
a. are only found on a small number of cells.
b. contain genes.
c. are made of DNA.
d. are thin coverings that surround cells.
____ 6. In what direction does energy flow?
a. sun→plants→plant eater→meat eater c. plant eater→plants→sun→meat eater
b. plants→sun→plant eater→meat eater d. sun→plants→meat eater→plant eater
____ 7. Children tend to resemble their parents due to
a. metabolism. c. heredity.
b. mutation. d. homeostasis.
____ 8. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. Biologists are seeking new crops that grow more efficiently in tropical soils.
b. Genetic engineers are transplanting genes into plants to create crops that are more resistant
to insects.
c. As the population continues to grow, the demand for food is going to strain our ability to
feed all of the people.
d. All of the above
____ 9. Acid rain
a. has a low pH. c. may contain sulfuric acid.
b. may fall in the form of snow. d. All of the above
____ 10. Scientists usually design experiments
a. with a good idea of the expected experimental results.
b. based on wild guesses.
c. in order to develop new laboratory tools.
d. All of the above
____ 11. A hypothesis is a
a. definite answer to a given problem.
b. testable possible explanation of an observation.
c. proven statement.
d. concluding statement.
____ 12. A hypothesis that is not supported by the data that has been collected and analyzed
a. is known as an inaccurate forecast. c. is rejected.
b. often predicts a different observation. d. None of the above
____ 13. The English physician Ronald Ross wanted to try to find the cause of malaria. Based on his observations, Dr.
Ross suggested that the Anopheles mosquito might spread malaria from person to person. This suggestion was
a
a. prediction. c. theory.
b. hypothesis. d. scientific “truth.”
____ 14. Scientific hypotheses are most often tested by the process of
a. communicating. c. experimenting.
b. inferring. d. analyzing data.
____ 15. A planned procedure to test a hypothesis is called a(n)
a. prediction. c. control.
b. experiment. d. variable.
____ 16. The variable that is measured in an experiment is the ____ variable.
a. independent. c. control.
b. dependent. d. experimental.
____ 17. A unifying explanation for a broad range of observations is called a
a. hypothesis. c. prediction.
b. theory. d. controlled experiment.
____ 18. A scientific theory
a. is absolutely certain.
b. is unchangeable.
c. may be revised as new evidence is presented.
d. is a controlled experiment.
____ 19. The word theory used in a scientific sense means
a. that of which the scientist is most certain.
b. a guess made with very little knowledge to support it.
c. an absolute scientific certainty.
d. None of the above
____ 20. Taxonomy is
a. the study of life.
b. the science of naming and classifying organisms.
c. the evolutionary history of a species.
d. the sequence in which different groups evolved.
____ 21. An advantage of our scientific naming system is that
a. common names mean the same in all countries.
b. Latin names are easy to pronounce.
c. biologists can communicate regardless of their native languages.
d. organisms all have the same scientific name.
____ 22. The largest division that a group of organisms can belong to is
a. kingdom. c. genus.
b. class. d. species.
____ 23. Protista is an example of a(n)
a. kingdom. c. genus.
b. class. d. species.
____ 24. Each level of classification is based on
a. specific characteristics. c. shared characteristics.
b. general characteristics. d. All of the above
____ 25. Similar features evolved through convergent evolution are called
a. analogous characters. c. environmental characters.
b. homologous characters. d. genetic characters.
____ 26. Convergent evolution produces similar features in different organisms as the result of
a. similar environments. c. sharing a common ancestor.
b. pressure by natural selection. d. Both (a) and (b)
____ 27. Analogous structures
a. have the same form in all organisms.
b. perform the same function in all organisms.
c. have the same structure in all organisms.
d. evolve from a common ancestor.
____ 28. Evolutionary systematics emphasizes the importance of
a. derived characteristics. c. shared characteristics.
b. unique characteristics. d. compared characteristics.
____ 29. Some heterotrophic eubacteria are capable of living in the absence of
a. water. c. oxygen.
b. soil. d. None of the above
____ 30. A temporary collection of cells that come together for a period of time and then separate is called a(n)
a. colony. c. tribe.
b. aggregation. d. collection.
____ 31. The process by which cells become specialized in form and function is called
a. specialization. c. collection.
b. aggregation. d. differentiation.
____ 32. Amoebas move using extensions of cytoplasm called
a. flagella. c. forams.
b. sporozoans. d. pseudopodia.
____ 33. Diatoms have double shells made of
a. cartilage. c. plankton.
b. calcium. d. silica.
____ 34. Slime molds can be found
a. in deserts. c. on forest floors.
b. on the skin of animals. d. All of the above
____ 35. Strings of connected fungal cells are called
a. hyphae. c. mushrooms.
b. septa. d. zygotes.
____ 36. Chitin is a tough material found in
a. crab shells. c. fungal cells.
b. insect bodies. d. All of the above
____ 37. The presence of ____ is a key way in which fungi differ fundamentally from all other multicellular organisms.
a. hyphae. c. chitin.
b. septa. d. zygotes.
____ 38. All of the following are phyla of fungi except
a. ascomycetes. c. basidiomycetes.
b. fungomycetes. d. zygomycetes.
____ 39. Tissues organized into specialized structures with specific functions are called
a. organ systems. c. tissues.
b. organs. d. bodies.
____ 40. The various organs that carry out major body functions are called
a. organ systems. c. tissues.
b. organs. d. bodies.
____ 41. The most common seedless vascular plants are
a. ferns. c. fruits.
b. gymnosperms. d. pine trees.
____ 42. Vascular plants that reproduce by making seeds, but that do not produce flowers are called
a. ferns. c. fruits.
b. gymnosperms. d. pine trees.
____ 43. Angiosperms produce seeds in
a. ferns. c. fruits.
b. gymnosperms. d. pine trees.
____ 44. Snails, squids, and clams are all examples of
a. worms. c. arthropods.
b. cnidarians. d. mollusks.
____ 45. The plant tissue that transports water and dissolved nutrients is called
a. vascular tissue. c. nervous tissue.
b. spongy tissue. d. muscle tissue.
____ 46. Viruses
a. are cellular organisms. c. have nuclei and organelles.
b. reproduce only in living cells. d. are surrounded by a polysaccharide coat.
____ 47. A viral disease that causes painful swelling of a salivary gland is
a. mumps. c. polio.
b. AIDS. d. measles.
____ 48. A typical virus consists of
a. a protein coat and a cytoplasm core.
b. a carbohydrate coat and a nucleic acid core.
c. a protein coat and a nucleic acid core.
d. a polysaccharide coat and a nucleic acid core.
____ 49. Biologists now know that viruses
a. are the smallest organisms.
b. consist of a protein surrounded by a nucleic acid coat.
c. contain RNA or DNA in a protein coat.
d. all form the same crystalline shape.
____ 50. A pathogen is an agent that is
a. beneficial to humans. c. harmful to living organisms.
b. harmful only to plants. d. nearly extinct.
____ 51. Bacteria are the only organisms characterized as
a. unicellular. c. eukaryotic.
b. prokaryotic. d. photosynthetic.

____ 52. Refer to the illustration above. Which of the diagrams has a shape like the Bacillus bacterial genus?
a. Organism A c. Organism C
b. Organism B d. None of the above
____ 53. Refer to the illustration above. The shape represented by Organism C is called
a. coccus. c. bacillus.
b. spirillum. d. filamentous.
____ 54. Which of the following might be found in the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell?
a. chloroplasts c. mitochondria
b. Golgi bodies d. None of the above
____ 55. Bacteria can be classified according to their
a. type of cell walls. c. Gram-staining characteristics.
b. methods of obtaining energy. d. All of the above
____ 56. Escherichia coli is an example of a bacterium that has short, thin, hairlike projections called
a. pili. c. cocci.
b. cilia. d. ribosomes.
____ 57. Bacteria that cause botulism may survive in canned food for a long time because
a. the can was left open.
b. some cans may contain viruses that protect the bacteria.
c. the bacteria may form endospores.
d. sterilized cans do not have enough oxygen to harm the bacteria.
____ 58. Alexander Fleming, a British bacteriologist, is credited with the discovery of
a. photosynthetic bacteria. c. tuberculosis.
b. antibodies. d. penicillin.
____ 59. Antibiotics
a. include penicillin, tetracycline, and streptomycin.
b. may prevent bacteria from making new cell walls.
c. are very effective treatments for bacterial diseases.
d. All of the above
____ 60. Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections because
a. viruses are protected inside their host cells.
b. viruses have enzymes that inactivate the antibiotics.
c. antibiotics interfere with metabolic processes that viruses do not perform.
d. viral protein coats block the antibiotics from entering the virus.
____ 61. A protist may be
a. unicellular and heterotrophic. c. multicellular and autotrophic.
b. unicellular and autotrophic. d. All of the above
____ 62. The kingdom Protista includes
a. most of the single-celled eukaryotes. c. multicellular seaweed.
b. slime and water molds. d. All of the above
____ 63. Protists are found almost everywhere there is
a. water. c. methane.
b. carbon monoxide. d. ammonia.
____ 64. Eukaryotes that lack the features of animals, plants, or fungi are placed in the kingdom
a. Archaebacteria. c. Protista.
b. Plantae. d. Animalia.
____ 65. Pseudopodia are used for
a. Paramecium conjugation. c. Euglena reproduction.
b. movement by amoebas. d. Paramecium mitosis.
____ 66. Amoebas capture food by
a. engulfing it. c. trapping it with flagella.
b. using cilia. d. taking it into a gullet.
____ 67. Algae are
a. sometimes heterotrophic.
b. always microscopic in size.
c. found in both fresh water and salt water.
d. found only in fresh water.
____ 68. Excess water in the body of the Paramecium is forced back out by the structure in the diagram labeled
a. A. c. D.
b. C. d. E.
____ 69. The structure that contains the cell’s chromosomes is labeled
a. A. c. C.
b. B. d. E.
____ 70. African sleeping sickness is spread by
a. tsetse flies. c. contaminated food.
b. mosquitos. d. All of the above
____ 71. The protozoan that causes malaria reproduces in the
a. intestine of a human. c. red blood cells of a human.
b. red blood cells of a mosquito. d. stinger of a mosquito.
____ 72. The symptoms of malaria
a. include delirium and sweating. c. include severe chills and fever.
b. follow a cycle. d. All of the above
____ 73. Fungi obtain energy
a. directly from the sun.
b. from inorganic material in their environment.
c. by absorbing organic molecules.
d. from nuclear fusion.
____ 74. Fungi
a. do not contain chlorophyll. c. do not produce their own food.
b. have cell walls that contain chitin. d. All of the above
____ 75. Fungi obtain food by
a. photosynthesis.
b. the nitrogen fixation process in their hyphae.
c. digesting food externally before absorbing it.
d. None of the above
____ 76. Most fungal spores are formed by
a. the fusing of hyphae. c. mitosis.
b. the fusing of asci. d. None of the above
____ 77. Mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi are examples of
a. club fungi. c. molds.
b. sac fungi. d. yeasts.
____ 78. An example of a fungus is
a. a mushroom. c. a yeast.
b. a bread mold. d. All of the above
____ 79. In a symbiotic association, such as a lichen, a fungus provides mineral nutrients to a(n)
a. animal. c. photosynthetic partner.
b. heterotrophic bacterium. d. None of the above
____ 80. A lichen
a. consists of a fungus and an alga in a symbiotic relationship.
b. is a fungus clump.
c. is found only in temperate climates.
d. is a mold found on the shady side of trees.