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Chapter 6(8)
Internal Forced Convection
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INTERNAL FORCED CONVECTION
Hydraulic Diameter
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In turbulent flow,
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INTERNAL FORCED CONVECTION
Example 8-1
Water enters a 2.5-cm-internal-diameter thin copper tube of a heat
exchanger at 15°C at a rate of 0.3 kg/s, and is heated by steam
condensing outside at 120°C. If the average heat transfer coefficient is
800 W/m2K, determine the length of the tube required in order to heat
the water to 115°C.
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Q #1
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Q #2
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Q #3
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Or
i.e. for fully developed laminar flow in a circular tube, the Nu is a
constant.
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Note: Fluid properties are found at the bulk mean fluid temperature,
Tb = (Ti + Te)/2, except for μs, which is at the surface temperature, Ts.
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Example 8-2
Oil at 20°C flows in a 30-cm-diameter pipeline at an average velocity of
2 m/s. A 200-m-long section of the pipeline passes through icy waters
of a lake at 0°C. The surface temperature of the pipe is nearly 0°C.
Neglecting thermal resistance of pipe material, determine (a)
temperature of the oil when the pipe leaves the lake, (b) rate of heat
transfer from the oil.
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Te is not known, so we evaluate the properties of the oil at the inlet temperature.
We will repeat the calculations, if necessary. At 20oC we have (Table A–13)
which is much greater than the total length of the pipe. Therefore, we assume
thermally developing flow and determine the Nu from
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Then,
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Hence, the flow is laminar fully developed. From Table 8-1 with a/b = 2 for
constant surface temperature,
So,
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which is less than 2300. The flow is laminar; the thermal entry length is
which is much longer than the length of pipe. Thus, we assume thermally
developing flow, and determine the Nu from
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ASSIGNMENT: SUBMIT
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