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Characteristics
• Rated current not more than 100 A.
• Trip characteristics normally not adjustable.
• Thermal or thermal-magnetic operation.
A 300/500 mA RCCB may be used where only fire protection is required. eg.,
on lighting circuits, where the risk of electric shock is small.
Limitation of RCCB
• Standard electromechanical RCCBs are designed to operate on
normal supply waveforms and cannot be guaranteed to operate where
none standard waveforms are generated by loads. The most common is
the half wave rectified waveform sometimes called pulsating dc generated
by speed control devices, semiconductors, computers and even dimmers.
• Specially modified RCCBs are available which will operate on normal ac
and pulsating dc.
• RCDs don’t offer protection against current overloads: RCDs detect
an imbalance in the live and neutral currents. A current overload, however
large, cannot be detected. It is a frequent cause of problems with novices
to replace an MCB in a fuse box with an RCD. This may be done in an
attempt to increase shock protection. If a live-neutral fault occurs (a short
circuit, or an overload), the RCD won’t trip, and may be damaged. In
practice, the main MCB for the premises will probably trip, or the service
fuse, so the situation is unlikely to lead to catastrophe; but it may be
inconvenient.
• It is now possible to get an MCB and RCD in a single unit, called an RCBO
(see below). Replacing an MCB with an RCBO of the same rating is
generally safe.
• Nuisance tripping of RCCB: Sudden changes in electrical load can
cause a small, brief current flow to earth, especially in old appliances.
RCDs are very sensitive and operate very quickly; they may well trip when
the motor of an old freezer switches off. Some equipment is notoriously
`leaky’, that is, generate a small, constant current flow to earth. Some
types of computer equipment, and large television sets, are widely
reported to cause problems.
• RCD will not protect against a socket outlet being wired with its live
and neutral terminals the wrong way round.
• RCD will not protect against the overheating that results when
conductors are not properly screwed into their terminals.
• RCD will not protect against live-neutral shocks, because the current in
the live and neutral is balanced. So if you touch live and neutral
conductors at the same time (e.g., both terminals of a light fitting), you may
still get a nasty shock.
ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker)
Characteristics
• Phase (line), Neutral and Earth wire connected through ELCB.
• ELCB is working based on Earth leakage current.
• Operating Time of ELCB:
• The safest limit of Current which Human Body can withstand is 30ma
sec.
• Suppose Human Body Resistance is 500Ω and Voltage to ground is 230
Volt.
• The Body current will be 500/230=460mA.
• Hence ELCB must be operated in 30maSec/460mA = 0.65msec