SECTION 2

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

Time – 25 minutes

(including the reading of the directions)

This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is

appropriate for standard written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with
special directions for each type.

Structure

Directions: Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see
four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best
completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill
in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Fill in the space so
that the letter inside the oval cannot be seen.

Example I Sample Answer

A B C

or sharks, for instance, the dolpin is a mammal.

(A) Either fish

(B) When it is like
(C) Being fish
(D) Unlike fish

The sentence should read, “Unlike fish or sharks, for instance, the dolphin is a mammal.”
There, you should choose (D).

Example II Sample Answer

A C D

Not until exhaustive tests have been carried out by the Food and Drug Administration,
. .
(A) that a new drug is allowed on the market.
(B) is a new drug allowed to be put on the market.
(C) there is a new drug placed on the market.
(D) a new drug is allowed on the market.

The sentence should read, “Not until exhaustive tests have been carried out by The Food and
Drug Administration, is a new drug allowed to be put on the market.” Therefore, you should
choose (B). Now begin work on the questions.
1. The sun vast amounts of gases.

(A) gives off

(B) with
(C) which
(D) from
2. If Peter had enough money, on the trip to Las Vegas.

(A) he would have gone

(B) had he gone
(C) he went
(D) he would go

3. Darlene insisted on taking the boat trip even .

(A) the sea was becoming quite rough
(B) though the sea becoming quite rough
(C) although the sea was becoming quite rough
(D) though the sea was becoming quite rough

4. It has been proven the cockcroaches for several weeks even after their heads
have been cut off.
(A) are surviving
(B) can survive
(C) surviving
(D) that survive

5. a reservation, it will be impossible to get a hotel room this weekend because of

the jazz festival.
(A) Without you have
(B) If you have
(C) Unless you have
(D) Unless having

6. As fuel prices rose, bus companies raised their fares and .

(A) so did the airlines
(B) neither did the airlines
(C) so the airlines have done
(D) neither the airlines did

7. Before the Great Fire of London in 1666, .

(A) were most of the dwellings squalid and unhealthy
(B) most squalid and unhealthy were the dwellings
(C) most of the dwellings were squalid and unhealthy
(D) squalid and unhealthy dwellings
8. Payload is an influential factor .
(A) that an airplane
(B) in determining how economical an airplane is
(C) to determine airplane economy
(D) an airplane’s economy is determined by this

9. After carrying out a large number of experiments .

(A) Alfred Nobel finding the formula for dynamite in 1866
(B) the formula for dynamite was found in 1866
(C) it was in 1866 that the formula for dynamite was found by Alfred Nobel
(D) Alfred Nobel found the formula for dynamite in 1866

10. The party was taken out to see a film on location in the desert.
(A) being shot
(B) being now shot
(C) while being shot
(D) that being shot

11. The two friends, , met by chance on a European tour.

(A) for many years they had not seen each other
(B) had not seen each other for many years
(C) who had not seen each other for many years
(D) who each other had not for many years

12. , the gorilla has recently been the subject of several in-depth studies.
(A) It is the primate closest to man
(B) The primate closest to man, it is
(C) The fact that it is the primate closest to man
(D) The closest of the primates to man

13. The sidewinder snake catches lizards in the sand and imitating a blade of grass
with its tail.
(A) burying itself
(B) to bury itself
(C) from burying itself
(D) by burying itself

14. after the Second World War that test pilots first attempted to break the “sound
barrier.”
(A) It was shortly
(B) Was shortly
(C) There was shortly
(D) Shortly
15. Only after years of intensive work the riddle of DNA.
(A) and Crick and Watson solved
(B) did Crick and Watsonn solve
(C) Crick and Watson solved
(D) but Crick and Watson solved

Written Expression

Directions: In questions 16-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four
underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one
underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then,
on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to
the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Example I
The easiest and common manner of determining whether gas was present was to use
A B C
canaries, which were highly sensitive to atmospheric impurities.
D

Answer (A), the underlined adjective common, would not be accepted in carefully written
English; the form most common should be used with The easiest since both adjectives are
describing manner. Therefore, the sentences should read, “The easiest and most common
manner of determining whether gas was present was to use canaries, which where highly
sensitive to atmospheric impurities.” To answer the question correctly, you should choose
(A).

Example II
People in the United States have recently taken to traveling to work on bicycle to an
A B C D
increasing extent.

Answer (D), the underlined word on, should not be used in carefully written English with
bicycle. The preposition by should be used before bicycle. Therefore, the sentence should
read, “People in the United States have recently taken to traveling to work by bicycle to an
increasing extent.” To answer the question correctly, you should choose (D).
Now begin work on the questions

16. The United States shares extremely long borders with either Canada and Mexico.
A B C D
17. Some great cataclysm appears to have struck the great Mayan cities at the height of its
A B C D
glory.
18. Although Jack was the youngest of the two boys, he was clearly more mature than his
A B C
elder brother.
D
19. The monk spent so many years copying out manuscripts by candlelight that eventually he
A B C
irreparably damaged the eyes.
D
20. A thirty-years-old man suffering from amnesia was taken to the hospital in the early hours
A B C
of yesterday morning.
D
21. Actually, by the time Columbus arrived to America in 1492, other Europeans had already
A B C D
reached the New World.
D
22. Dallas is a city which enjoys both growth and prosperously.
A B C D
23. The success of the operation it depends primarily on the avalability of suitable organs
A B
belonging to recently deceased persons.
C D
24. Over the past few years, hang-gliding has became more and more popular as a sport.
A B C D
25. Before becoming famous as writer, Nathaniel Hawthorne lived for some months in a
A B C D
commune.
26. Not only the inflation rate was rising but unemployments, always a specter since the
A B
1930s, was on the increase.
C D
27. It was not so much the much blows he received as a lack of spirit that led to his losing the
A B C D
fight.
28. Students are expected to attend classes regularly, make their homework conscientiously,
A B C
and dress appropriately for classes.
D
29. It was likely that a devalution would occur, and a large one at that, being the currency
A B C D
was obviously over-valued.
30. American farmers have historically been extraordinary productive.
A B C D
31. During the course of his career, Mickey Mantle became the four player to hit as many as
A B C D
500 home runs.
32. So many people have burned theirselves while using matches that the scoutmaster has
A B
decided to restrict their use.
C D
33.Elephants are well-known as the largest land mammals, but they are easy outweighed by
A B C D
whales.
34. Inevitably, as the hands of the clock move towards and approach zero hour, the
A B C
contestants become increasingly nervous.
D
35. One of the first results of the police investigation were a redesigning of the whole security
A B C D
system.
36. Last year a honor which is rarely conferred was awarded to this scientist, one of the
A B C
greatest men of our age.
D
37. The plan had been to go either walking or swimming but the wather was so bad they
A B C
didn’t go somewhere.
D
38. So impressed were the people with his campaign that they elected he president for a
A B C D
second term.
39. The friendly open manner of Texans is said to reflect its confidence in the American was
A B C D
of life.
40. Mobility is one of the characteristics often demanded of the executives, and they must
A B C
accustom themselves to move quite regularly.
D