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(b) Zinc ions move towards the negative electrode where they gain electrons to produce
zinc.
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(1)
(ii) Explain why zinc ions move towards the negative electrode.
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(2)
(iii) What type of reaction occurs when the zinc ions gain electrons?
Neutralisation
Oxidation
Reduction
(1)
Page 1
(c) Zinc is mixed with copper to make an alloy.
(i) Figure 2 shows the particles in the alloy and in pure zinc.
Use Figure 2 to explain why the alloy is harder than pure zinc.
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(2)
(ii) Alloys can be bent. Some alloys return to their original shape when heated.
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(1)
(Total 8 marks)
Figure 1
Page 2
The student measured the conductivity of the pure water with a conductivity meter.
0 0
1 100
2 120
3 310
4 400
5 510
6 590
7 710
8 800
(i) The student plotted the results on the grid shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2
Page 3
Number of drops of sodium chloride added
(3)
Suggest one error that the student may have made to cause the anomalous
result.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(iii) The student wanted to compare the conductivity of sodium chloride solution
with the conductivity of potassium chloride solution.
State one variable he should keep constant when measuring the conductivity
of the two solutions.
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(b) (i) Explain, in terms of bonding, why pure water does not conduct electricity.
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............................................................................................................... (2)
Page 4
(ii) Explain why sodium chloride solution conducts electricity.
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(2)
(iii) After he had added sodium chloride solution, the student noticed bubbles of
gas at the negative electrode.
Q3. Sodium chloride solution is a useful raw material for the manufacture of other
substances.
.............................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Chloride ions lose electrons at the positive electrode. What is the name of this type
of reaction?
.............................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii) The solution formed at X is alkaline. What causes this solution to be alkaline?
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............................................................................................................................(2)
Page 5
(iv) Give a balanced ionic equation for the formation of hydrogen gas at the negative
electrode.
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(3)
(Total 7 marks)
Diagram 1
Draw one line from the test for oxygen to the correct result.
(1)
Test ......................................................................................................
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Result ....................................................................................................
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(2)
Page 6
(ii) Why is hydrogen, and not magnesium, produced at the cathode?
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(1)
(i) Give one reason why metal spoons are sometimes silver plated.
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...............................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Diagram 2 shows the apparatus the student used. The student did not set the
apparatus up correctly.
Diagram 2
d.c. power
supply
The student found that the metal spoon eroded and a thin layer of copper
formed on the pure silver electrode.
Suggest two changes that the student must make to his apparatus to be able
to silver plate the metal spoon. Give a reason for each change.
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(4)
Page 7
(iii) Why is it difficult to electroplate plastic spoons?
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(1)
(Total 10 marks)
Q5. Sodium hydroxide, hydrogen and chlorine can all be made in one industrial process.
Electricity is passed through aqueous sodium chloride solution (brine). The diagram below
shows a cell that can be used for this process.
Gas A .........................................................................................................................
Gas B .........................................................................................................................
Solution C ..................................................................................................................
(2)
(c) Name the compound in this cell which produces the hydrogen ions.
.............................................................................................................................
(1)
(d) Which type of particles must be able to pass through the barrier to allow the
electrolysis to take place?
.............................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Page 8
M1.(a) electricity
allow an electric current
1
(iii) reduction
1
or
no layers/rows
accept layers distorted
1
so cannot slide
1
Page 9
four points = 2 marks
three points = 1 mark
Max 2
straight line of best fit using full range of points from 0,0
1
Page 10
(ii) because there are ions in sodium chloride
allow Na+ and / or Cl–(ions) or ionic bonding.
Ignore particles other than ions for MP1.
1
(iii) Hydrogen
allow H2 / H
1
[10]
(ii) oxidation
1
(iv) H+ + e–
1
H2
ignore any state symbols
1
2H+ + 2e– → H2
accept H+ + e-→ H for one mark only
1
[7]
Page 11
M4.(a)
Page 12
otherwise copper will be deposited or silver will not be deposited
1
M5. (a) Gas A = Chlorine / Cl2 not Cl and Gas B = Hydrogen / H2 not H
for 1 mark
(b) (i) 2, 2
for 1 mark
(ii) 2, 2
for 1 mark
2
Page 13
not H+ / Cl-/Na+ / OH-
Allow hydrogen ions etc.
not sulphate ions
for 1 mark
1
[6]
Page 14