Nonlinear Integrated Design and Analysis

software for structures www.nida-naf.com

Example 2 Portal frame

Check the structural adequacy of the following portal. The section is 686x254x140
UB (I = 1.363 x 10-3 m4) of grade S355 steel. The frame is rigid-jointed and
pin-supported with dimensions shown in Figure 12 below.

Properties of UB 686 × 254 × 140 :

B=253.7mm, D=683.5mm, T=19mm, t=12.4mm
A=17800mm2, I=1.363x109mm4, r=277mm, Sx=4.56x106mm3

1000kN

100kN

k1 k1
10m
k2 k2
30m

Figure 12 Portal frame under point load on one column

Deflection due to horizontal force =154 mm

(Note that it is unnecessary to use 0.5% for notional force as the same elastic critical
load factor λcr will be obtained because the deflection δN below will be changed
proportionally and the final answer will be the same.)
F h 100 10
λcr = N = = 6.49
FV δ N 1000 0.154

This is a sway frame.

Design
Section classification
Section Classification : ( Rolled ; I/H Section )

For web shear buckling check :

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slchan@nida-naf.com
 Nonlinear Integrated Design and Analysis
software for structures www.nida-naf.com
Web : d/t = 52.0565 =< 70e O.K.
This member is Not susceptible to shear buckling.

For section classification :

Mat. Coeff. e = 0.8928
Web : d/t = 52.0565 <= 100e/(1+1.5r1) = 57.0807
Flange : b/T = 6.6763 <= 9e = 8.0352
Section Class = [2] "Compact"
Material Reduction Factor for Slender Section = 1.0000

We can use plastic modulus in design.

For 16<T<40, py=345N/mm2

Plastic moment = Mcx=Sx py = 4.56x106x345/106= 1573 kN-m

Base shear =100/2=50 kN
Moment at top of column = 50x10 =500 kN-m

Section capacity check to Equation 8.78

Fc M My
+ x + ≤1
Ag p y M cx M cy

py=345N/mm2
1000 500
−3
+ = 0.481 < 1, O.K .
17800 x345 x10 1573

Buckling check using effective length under sway mode to Equation 8.79
Fc m x M x m y M y
+ + ≤1
Pc M cx M cy

I
Relative stiffness of beam in sway mode should be 1.5 ×
L

check to Egt.8.79 in HK Steel Code

K c + K1 I / 10 + 0
k1 = = = 0.67
K c + K 1 + K 11 + K 12 I / 10 + 0 + 0 + 1.5 × I / 30
K c + K1
k2 = =1
K c + K 1 + K 11 + K 12
Le
= 2 .9
L
Le=2.9x10=29m

- 18 - Prof. SL Chan
slchan@nida-naf.com
 Nonlinear Integrated Design and Analysis
software for structures www.nida-naf.com
Le 29000
= = 104.7
r 0.277
From Table 8.8(a), pc=162.3 N/mm2, Pc=162.3x17800/103= 2888.9 kN
From Table 8.9, β=0, mx=0.6
Therefore, additional moment at joint B and C due to P − Δ effect,

Fc mx M x m y M y 1000 0.6 × 500

+ + = + = 0.537 <1, O.K.
Pc M cx M cy 2889 1573

check to Egt.8.80 in HK Steel Code

Member buckling check to non-sway mode effective length under amplified moment to
equation 8.80 in HK Steel Code

For Pc , effective length factor (Le/L) =1

Le
= 1 .0
L

Le=10m
Le 10000
= = 36.1
r 0.277
From Table 8.8(a), pc=327.9 N/mm2, Pc=327.9x17800/103= 5837 kN
Therefore, additional moment at joint B and C due to P − Δ effect,
λcr 6.49
M =M = 500 × = 591kN − m
λcr − 1 6.49 − 1

Fc m x M x m y M y 1000 0.6 × 591

+ + = + = 0.397 <1, O.K.
Pc M cx M cy 5837 1573

Note : Pc can be found from Table 6 for greater accuracy and assuming effective

Le
length factor = 1 is only for conservative design.
L
No beam buckling check to equation 8.81 in HK Steel Code is needed here as the
out-of-plane deflection is restrained.

By second-order analysis and design

We can see NIDA first use the sway initial buckling mode shape as imperfection
mode shape. When using second-order analysis for design in NIDA, the section
capacity factor is 0.562. This is close to the most critical value of 0.537 above.

- 19 - Prof. SL Chan
slchan@nida-naf.com