ENGINEERING GUIDE

FOR

INSTRUMENT INSTALLATION

DESIGN INFORMATION

0 Jan ,2008 For Information

REV. DATE DESCRIPTION MADE CHECKED APPR’D AUTH’D

CONTENTS
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SECTION SUBJECT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PLOT PLANS

3. INSTRUMENT CONNECTIONS/DETAILS
3.1 Process Connection sizes
3.2 Interface Points
3.3 Tapping Orientation
3.4 Flushing / Purging
3.5 Drains
3.6 Instrument Air Distribution

4. INSTRUMENT LOCATIONS AND ACCESSIBILITY

5. EQUIPMENT LOCATIONS

6. FLOW METERS
6.1 Scope
6.2 Installation Definitions
6.3 Applicable Standards
6.4 Orifice Plates
6.5 Venturi Tubes
6.6 Averaging Pitot Tubes (Annubars)
6.7 Vortex Meters
6.8 Magnetic Flow Meters
6.9 V-Cone Flow Meter
6.10 Turbine Meters
6.11 Positive Displacement Meters / Coriolis Meters
6.12 Elbow Meters

7. PIPING ISOMETRICS

8. INSTRUMENT INSTALLATION SPACE REQUIREMENTS

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1. INTRODUCTION

This Standard provides the basis for determining the correct piping configuration for installation of
instrumentation. Flow meter in this context relates to the flow sensing element or primary device.

2. PLOT PLANS

Piping Dept. shall show the location of analyzer houses and metering stations. The sizes will
initially be based on information from the Instrument Dept. The sizes shall be confirmed by the
analyzer house/metering station supplier drawings.

3. INSTRUMENT CONNECTIONS / DETAILS

3.1 Process Connection Sizes

Instrument connections detail for licensed process units shall be strictly in accordance
with Licensor standard. This shall override the following general requirements.

The instrument connection sizes for piping and vessels shall be as follows:-

Piping Vessel

2” Flgd Tapped ½”
½” NPT or
NPT or
Pressure Gauges ½” Flgd. or
2” Flanged or
2” Flgd.
4” Pad

½” NPT or 2” Flgd Tapped ½”

½” Flgd. or NPT or
Pressure Instrument
2” Flgd. 2” Flanged or
4” Pad

Flow (Orifice) ½” NPT -

Displacer or
External Float level
2” Flanged 2” Flanged
Instrument

Internal Float level

Instrument 4” Flanged 4” Flanged

2” Flanged or
DP level 2” Flanged
4” Pad

Level(Gauge Glass/magnetic) ¾” Flanged ¾” Flanged

Temperature (Thermowell) 1” Flanged 1” Flanged

Control, On-Off and Flanged 300lb min

NA
ESD valves (Note 1)

Note: 1) Normally connection rating of valve shall follow Piping Specification

However some ITB require 300LB min. for Valve Flange Rating.
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Orifice flange taps connection size shall be ½” internal diameter.

Temperature connections should be installed in a minimum of a 4” line. Smaller lines sizes shall
be swaged up locally to accommodate this. Where connection is on stream axis in a bend or tee,
line size may be 3”.

Where non-standard connections are required, e.g. analyzer sample points, diaphragm seals,
hazardous services, these will be detailed on P&ID’s

3.2 Tapping Orientation

The orientation of instrument take off connections and clearance envelopes shall be in
accordance the requirements in Appendix A.

3.3 Flushing / Purging

Where instruments require flushing or purging, this shall be indicated on P&ID’s.

3.4 Drains

Where there is a requirement to connect an instrument to a closed drain system, Instrument Dept
shall be responsible for the installation to a suitable connection, provided by Piping Dept on the
drain header. For level gauges, level displacers and level switches the installation shall be by
Piping Dept.

3.5 Instrument Air Distribution

Instrument Air Headers and take off valves shall be as detailed on P&ID’s. Each take off shall be
a 1” screwed valve fitted with a plug. Take off shall be form the top of the line.

The extent of the take-off valves will be developed by the Instrument Dept. to suit the project
application.

4. INSTRUMENT LOCATIONS AND ACCESSIBILITY

4.1 Piping Dept. shall allocate space envelopes for instruments, junction boxes and instrument air
manifolds in accordance with Appendix A of this specification.

4.2 Instrument Dept. shall provide dimensions and weights for all in-line instruments. Initially this may
be catalogue information subsequently replaced by certified drawings.

4.3 Piping Dept is responsible for the orientation of level displacers, switches and gauges. These
will be checked by the Instrument Dept at the comment stage for accessibility and visibility.

4.4 Where cam flex or butterfly valves are indicated on P&ID’s Instrument Dept shall advise Piping
Dept. of the required orientation position.

5. EQUIPMENT LOCATIONS

5.1 For the 3D PDS Model, Instrument Dept. shall model the volumes required for junction boxes,
junction box frames, air distribution manifolds, local panels and analyzer equipment racks.

5.2 Civil Dept. will model instrument underground trenches/ducts, main control building, instrument
buildings and any other building requirement.
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5.3 Instrument Dept. will model instrument aboveground cable tray/ladder routes.

FLOW METERS

6.1 Scope

This Standard provides the installation requirements for:-

a) Orifice Plates

b) Venturi Tubes

c) Averaging Pitot Tubes

d) Vortex Meters

e) Magnetic Flow Meters

f) Variable Area Meters

g) Turbine Meters

h) Positive Displacement Meters / Coriolis Meters

i) Elbow Meters

This standard does not cover the design and installation of the transmitters or electronics to be
associated with these primary devices.

This standard does not cover the selection of the individual primary devices.

This standard does not cover the detail requirements for fiscal or custody transfer metering.

In the case where individual flow meter manufacturer’s installation recommendations are in
conflict with this standard then the manufacturer’s recommendations shall take precedence.

6.2 Installation Definition

6.2.1 To achieve the stated instrument accuracy, each type of primary device must be installed
correctly.

6.2.2 Correct installation will require the following to be considered:

a) Upstream straight pipe

b) Downstream straight pipe
c) Vertical flow-up or down
d) Insertion plane with respect to upstream disturbances.

6.2.3 All dimensions are from the last weld line of the fitting (not the centre-line of the pipe).

6.2.4 All straight lengths shall be based on pipe inside diameters

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6.3 Applicable Standards

BS1042 Measurement of fluid flow in pipes (Orifice, venture, nozzles)

ISO-5167 Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in

Circular cross-section conduit running full

API RP550 Manual on installation of refinery instruments and control systems

6.4 Orifice Plates

Straight length requirements are based on API RP550 and ISO 5167 (BS1042) for 0.5%
additional uncertainty.
Lengths are based on a Beta ratio of 0.75.
Orifice meter runs shall be laid out taking into account the following criteria as shown in
TABLE 1-2.

TABLE 1-1: Beta ratio and straight run requirements

Beta
A B C E F G H J K L
Ratio

0.75 17 21 27 35 11 44 5 14 15 3

The above letters A, B, C … refer to dimensions in TABLE 1-2

Notes:

1) When the valves are preceded by a fitting, the straight run must be sufficient to cover
their requirements.
2) If this line contains fittings in another plane, use dimension C or E as required by detail 5
or 6.
3) Double entry fittings may be considered as single bends when the line is normally
blocked off, such as a spare pump.
4) In Detail 11 the X + J must be equal to the number of diameters required by previous
fitting.
5) Fittings include elbows, tees, crosses, drums, tanks, pressure taps, thermo wells, and
other such fittings.
6) Metering orifice shall be installed in horizontal lines where possible, if installed in vertical
lines, flow shall be upwards for liquids and downwards for gases.
7) Straightening vanes shall not be used.
8) The installation of thermometer or wells will not after the required minimum upstream
straight lengths for the other fittings.
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TABLE 1-2: Detail of straight run requirements

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6.5 Venturi Tubes

Straight length requirements are based on ISO 5167 (BS1042) for 0.5% additional uncertainty
and a Beta ratio of 0.75.

TABLE 2-1: Beta ratio and straight run requirements

Beta
A B C E F
Ratio

0.75 3 3.5 29.5 4.5 3

The above letters A, B, C … refer to dimensions in TABLE 2-2

TABLE 2-2: Detail of straight run requirements

Note: All straight length shall be measured from the upstream pressure tapping of the venture.
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6.6 Averaging Pitot Tubes (Annubars)

Install across the diameter of the pipe.

Straight run requirements are shown in TABLE 3, based on typical manufacturers’
recommendations.

TABLE 3: Straight run requirement of Annubars

Note: “In Plane” means the bar in the same as the elbows.
“Out of Plane A” means the bar in perpendicular to the plane of the elbows.
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6.7 Vortex Meters

Straight run requirements are show in TABLE 4, based on typical manufacturers’

recommendations. The longest inlet run shown must be observed if two or more flow
disturbances are present.

TABLE 4: Straight run requirement of Vortex Flow Meters

Note: “A” means Inlet Run.

“B” means Outlet Run.

6.8 Magnetic Flow Meters

In horizontal pipe runs, electrode axis must be horizontal.

Locate in pipe run that is always full of liquid.

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Provide a minimum of 7D upstream and 2D downstream (measured from centre of the flow
meter), based on typical manufacturer’s recommendations.

6.9 V-Cone Flow Meter

Provide a minimum of 2D upstream and 5D downstream.

6.10 Turbine Flow Meters

Straight run requirements are shown in TABLE 5 as per ISO 5167 for piping arrangements.
Minimum downstream straight pipe is 5D.

TABLE 5: Straight run requirement of Turbine Flow Meters

Note: Down stream length is 5D.

6.11 Positive Displacement Meters / Coriolis Meters

Refer to suppliers’ recommendations for upstream and downstream straight length requirements.

Coriolis meters need firm support to prevent vibration, refer to suppliers’ mounting requirements
which must be adhered to.
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6.12 Elbow Meter

The device will use a standard 90 degree elbow with one tap on the inside and outside of the
elbow, at the mid point of the bend and on the horizontal line of the pipe.

Provide a minimum of 25D upstream straight pipe and 10D straight pipe downstream.

7. PIPING ISOMETRICS

7.1 Piping Dept. shall pass all Piping Isometrics Drawings to Instrument Dept. for review and
comment. Only isometrics with meter runs will be further reviewed to check comments have been
incorporated prior to construction issue.

7.2 Instrument Dept. will review and comment on Piping Isometrics for the following points;-
In Line Instruments:

• Tag number
• Random check for accessibility and readability
• Compliance with requirements of straight run lengths for flow meters
• Location, orientation, size and accessibility of tapping points

Analyzer Tappings

Level d/p cell connections (pipe/vessel)

Orifice, Venturi etc. for size and orientation.

Temperature connections

Piping Dept. shall be responsible for the location, readability and accessibility for Control Valves,
Relief Valves, In Line Flow Elements, Level Gauges, Level Displacers, Level Switches.

8. INSTALLATION SPACE REQUIREMENT OF INSTRUMENTS

Appendix A of this Standard outlines the clearance envelope volumes required for the installation
of instrument assemblies.

Final orientation of connections to be in accordance with the details in Appendix A

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APPENDIX-A

OUTLINE

This file guide outlines the clearance envelopes required for the installation of instrument
assemblies.

CLEARANCE ENVELOPES VOLUMNS

a) Temperature Instrument

Line connection orientation: horizontal pipe, side of line through to top of line.
Vertical pipe, orientated to suit access.
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b) Pressure Gauge

c) Close Coupled Line Mounted Pressure Transmitter

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d) Remote Mounted Pressure Transmitter

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e) Differential Pressure Transmitter

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f) Flow Transmitter (Orifice Type)

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g) D/P Level Transmitter