Subject and Object Pronouns

Subject pronouns- the subject is the person or thing doing the action:
I, you, he, she, it, we, they
Example: She went home.
Object pronouns- is the person or thing receiving the action;
Me, you, him, her, it, us, them
Example: I hit him.
Reflexive pronouns- the object is the same person or thing as the subject.
Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Example:
The kettle will switch itself off automatically.
I cut myself when I was cooking.
Possessive Adjectives
Each pronoun has a possessive adjective:
● I---------------------my
● You-----------------your
● He------------------his
● She----------------her
● We-----------------us
● You-----------------your
● They----------------their
● it---------------------its
Example:
Do they like her new house? Who’s got my money?
Is this your car? He forgot his keys.
They changed their hotel.
Possessive Adjectives Possessive Pronouns:
My mine
Your yours
His his
Her hers
Its n/a
Our ours
Their theirs
Example:
That’s his mother. This is mine.
This is our house. The money is ours.
The possessive with S
 To indicate possession for people or animals:
Singular- add ‘s
Example: Anne’s bike.
Plural- ending in s, just add ‘
Example: The boys’ mother
Other plural, add s
Example: The children’s friends.

Countable and uncountable nouns

Countable nouns- are things that can be counted.

Example:
A book, two cars, three cups
Uncountable nouns- are things that can’t be cunted.
Example:
Milk, water, flour
Singular and Plural
To make a singular noun plural, add s:
Brother----- brothers
House------- houses
Notes:
If the word ends in ch, sh, x, or s, add es:
Match-------- matches
Box----------- boxes
If the word ends in y, change y to ies:
Baby-------- babies
Lady--------- ladies
Remember the common irregular plurals:

Man-------- men Person------- people

Woman---- women Tooth---------- teeth
Child--------- children Foot------------feet
Mouse------- mice
The indefinite article a
- Is used with countable nouns (Can I have a banana?)
- To indicate one. (I have a daughter, She’s a lawyer.)
 - Is not used before a plural noun (NOT I have a sons.)
- Is not used with uncountable nouns (NOT I want a water, please)

The definite article the

When a word is used a second time:
Example: He gave me a knife and a spoon. The spoon was dirty.
When only one object exists:
Example: The earth, the sun
No article or the before the names or places
-“A”or the is not usually used before names of villages, towns, streets, cities, countries or
continents.
Example:
She lives in Paris.
We went to India.
-“The” is used before names of seas, rivers, groups of islands or mountains, kingdoms,
republics, deserts, plural names of countries:
Example: The Atlantic Ocean, The Netherlands, The United States, The Philippines, The Nile,
The Alps, The River Thames, The United Kingdom
Words using no article
He doesn’t like going to school.
He’s at home now.
I go to work at 9am.
Do you go to church on Sunday?
I went to bed early.
His father is in prison.
She went to hospital.
The article an
Is used for words that begin in a vowel sound
Example:
An apple, an umbrella
Some and Any
Some- is used in positive sentences.
With plural countable nouns:
Example:
Some people arrived.
I’d like some eggs.
With uncountable nouns:
Example:
I bought some milk.
I’d like some water, please.
Some- is used in offers:
Would you like some coffee?
Would you like some bread?
Any- is used in negative sentences and questions.
With plural countable nouns:
Example:
Did you meet any friends at the party?
I didn’t buy any eggs.
With uncountable nouns:
Example:
Did you buy any milk?
I didn’t have any water.
Something, Anything, Someone, Anyone (Somebody or Anybody)
Positive
There’s someone at the door.
I have something for you.
Negative
I didn’t know anyone at the party.
We didn’t know anything to drink.
Question
Did you meet anyone at the party?
Do you know anything about this place?
Comparatives
Adjectives with one syllable, add er:
Tall---------- taller
Great-------- greater
Adjectives that end with e, add r:
Wide------------ wider
If the word ends with one vowel + consonant, double the consonant and add er:
Thin------- thinner
Hot-------- hotter
If the word ends in two vowels + consonant, do not double the consonant, just add er:

Great----- greater
Poor------ poorer

If the word ends in e, just add r: Large------ larger

Note the irregulars: Good----- better; bad--------- worse