Simple Brayton, Gas Turbine, Cycle

Q in
3
2 combustor T p=c
3 2

turbine
4
1 Net
W
compressor
Work 1
compressor Output
4
s
Compressor, Combustion, and Turbine are ∆s = 0, isentropic
Open Thermodyanic Systems Q = 0, adiabatic
Steady Flow Energy Equation Form of First Law pv k = constant
Q = ∆(h + KE ) + Wnet reversible
Propulsion Gas Turbine
Furnas Hall J79-GE-8A Turbojet Engine
Compressor (right end), Combustor (red) Turbine (left end)
Furnas Hall J79-GE-8A Turbojet Engine
Combustor (red) and Turbine Stages
 Q in

W
W = W net output
compressor turbine

Gas Power
Generator Turbine

Aero-derivative Gas Turbine

 Brayton Cycle with Real Compression and Expansion

Turbine Efficiency turbine

actual work combustor
ηt =
isentropic work
h − h4
ηt = 3
h 3 − h 4s
Compressor Efficiency
compressor
isentropic work
ηc =
actual work
h 2s − h1
ηc =
h 2 − h1
 Brayton Air Standard Cycle

Air Standard Actual

Process Process
Steady Flow, Open System - region in space
Steady Flow Energy Equation
V2
Q = m × ∆(u + pv + + ρgh) + Wshaft
2
Compression Process, Q = 0, W = m(h 2 − h1 )
Combustion Process, W = 0, Q = m(h 3 − h 2 )
Expansion Process, Q = 0, W = m(h 3 − h 4 )
Exhause Process, W = 0, Q = m(h 4 − h1 )
 In an air COLD standard gas k −1
p  k
turbine, 60 F and 14.7 psia air is T2i = T1  2  = (460 + 60)×10.2857 = 1003.9o R
compressed through a pressure  p1 
ratio of 10. Air enters at 1540 F W h − h cp (T2is − T1 )
ηcompressor = ideal = 2is 1 = = .83
and expands to14.7 psia. If the Wactual h 2 − h1 cp (T2 − T1 )
isentropic efficiency of the T2is − T1 1003.9− 520
T2 = T1 + = 520 + = 1103.01o R
compressor and turbine are 83% .83 .83
and 93% respectively.What is the q 2−3 = h 3 − h 2 = cp (T3 − T2 )
thermal efficiency of the cycle? q 2−3 = .241(2000−1103.01) = 215.26BTU/lb
1540F w1−2 = h 2 − h1
3 w1−2 = cp (T2 − T1 ) = .241(1103.01− 520) = 139.92BTU/lb
k −1
2 .2857
2i p  k
1
T4i = T3  4  = 2000×   = 1035.9o R
ηt = 93%  p3   10 
T w h −h cp (T3 − T4 ) 1959.7− T4
ηturbine = actual = 3 4 = = = .93
ηc = 83% wideal h3 − h 4i cp (T3 − T4i ) 1959.7−1029.5

4 T4 = T3 − .92× (T3 − T4is ) = 2000− .93× (2000−1035.9) = 1113.03o R

1 4i w3−4 = h3 − h 4 = .241(2000−1110.03) = 213.59BTU/lb
60 F
14.7 psia q4−1 = h 4 − h1 = .241(T4 − T1 ) = .241(1113.03- 520.) = 142.33BTU/lb
s h 4 − h1 1113.03− 520
ηcycle = 1 − = 1− = 33.9%
Check : ∑ w = ∑ q h3 − h 2 2000−1103.01
213.59 - 139.92 = 215.26 − 142.33 w net 215.26−139.92
ηcycle = = = 33.9%
qin 215.26
73.67 = 72.93
7-23
 In an air standard gas at 520o R, p r1 = 1.2147, h1 = 124.27 BTU/lb
turbine, 60 F and 14.7 psia air is T pr h
p 
compressed through a pressure p r2is = p r1  2is  = 1.2147 × 10 = 12.147 980 10.61 236.02
ratio of 10. Air enters at 1540 F  p1  998 12.147 240.48
and expands to 14.7 psia. If the h 2is = 240.48 BTU/lb 1000 12.30 240.98
isentropic efficiency of the
Wideal h 2is − h1 .17
compressor and turbine are 83% ηcompressor = = = .83 ratio = .1006
and 93% respectively.What is the Wactual h 2 − h1 1.69
thermal efficiency of the cycle? h 2is − h1 240.48 − 124.27
h 2 = h1 + = 124.27 +
.83 .83
h 2 = 264.28 BTU/lb
1540F At 2000 o R, p r3 = 174., h 3 = 504.71
3
T p 
p r4is = p r3  4is  = 174. × 1/10 = 17.4
2  p1 
2i
ηt = 93% by interpolation at p r4is = 1.74, h 4is = 265.99 BTU/lb
Wactual h 3 − h 4
η turbine = = = .93
Wideal h 3 − h 4i
ηc = 83%
h 4 = h 3 − .92 × (h 3 − h 4is ) = 282.7 BTU/lb
4 q in = h 3 − h 2 = 504.7 − 264.28 = 240.42 BTU/lb
1 4i
60 F q out = h 4 − h1 = 282.7 − 124.27 = 155.43 BTU/lb
14.7 psia Q in 155.43
η = 1− = 1− = 35.3%
s Q out 240.42