Control Valve Characteristics

FACULTY : ENGINEERING 1
EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CHEMICAL 1
REVISION NO:
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
16 MAY
EFFECTIVE DATE:
EXPERIMENT: CONTROL 2016
VALVE CHARACTERISTICS AMENDMENT
DATE:
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION LABORATORY

LABORATORY INSTRUCTION SHEETS
COURSE CODE BNQ 30203

EXPERIMENT NO. EXPERIMENT 3
EXPERIMENT TITLE CONTROL VALVE CHARACTERISTICS
DATE
GROUP NO.
1) Engr. Dr. Nasrul Fikry Che Pa
LECTURER/INSTRUCTOR/TUTOR
2) Mr Mohd Syazwan Mohd Ghazali
DATE OF REPORT SUBMISSION
ATTENDANCE/PARTICIPATION/DISIPLINE: /5%
INTRODUCTION: /5%
PROCEDURE: /5%
RESULTS& CALCULATIONS /15%
ANALYSIS /15%
DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS FOR DISCUSSIONS: /20%
LABORATORY REPORT: ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS /15%
CONCLUSION /10%
SUGGESTIONS& RECOMENDATIONS /5%
REFERENCES: /5%
TOTAL: /100%
EXAMINER COMMENTS: RECEIVED DATE AND STAMP:

EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
16 MAY
EFFECTIVE DATE:
DATE:
STUDENT CODE OF ETHICS
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
I hereby declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also admit to
not accept or provide any assistance in preparing this report and anything
that is in it is true.
1) Group Leader: ………………………………………….. (Signature)

Name : __________________________________
Matrix No. : __________________________________
2) Group Member 1: ………………………………………. (Signature)

Name : __________________________________
Matrix No : __________________________________
3) Group Member 2:……………………………………….. (Signature)

Name :__________________________________
Matrix No. : __________________________________
EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
16 MAY
EFFECTIVE DATE:
DATE:
1.0 OBJECTIVES
a) To study the difference of flow measurement by using different types of
control valve
b) To compare the characteristics of control valve involved in the measurement
of flow.
2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the study, student will be able to:
a) To be familiar with the basic steps of machine from start-up to shut-down
with proper handling and setting.
b) To examine the obtained data of FLOW by using different types of control
valve.
3.0 INTRODUCTION
The experiment serve as a continuity for the previous experiment on identifying
and recognizing the function of various equipment, instrumentation and process
involved in chemical and analytical process control system. For this experiment,
the experiment will be conducted based on the data of flow rate measurement of
control valve in order to analyse the characteristics of control valve involved.
4.0 INSTRUMENTS /APPARATUS / CHEMICAL / REAGENTS

4.1 Chemicals / Reagents
a) Water
4.2 Apparatus
a) The schematic diagram of Control Valve System is shown in Figure 1.
EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
16 MAY
EFFECTIVE DATE:
DATE:
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of Control Valve System

EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
16 MAY
EFFECTIVE DATE:
DATE:
5.0 PROCEDURE
Plant Start-up Procedures
1. Tanks T1 and T2 should be filled with water almost up to the level of

their overflow pipes.
2. Control valves FCVL, FCVE and FCVQ are all air-to-open (ATO).
3. Open the instrument air supply to operate the control valve system
 Check that the pressure is set in accordance to the pressure
indicated at the air pressure regulator (AS)
 If there is any condensed water at the air regulator, purge it by
opening its bottom bleed valve.
4. Turn ON the main power supply switch at the front cubicle.
5. Closed the drain valves of tanks T1 and T2.
5. The control valves can only be selectively operated ONE at a time from
the flow indicator controller, FIC.
1.0 Experiment 1 (Control Valve Running with Small Pump)
1.2.1 Linear Valve Operation
1. Open the manual valves: BVS, MVS, MVL1 and MVL2.
2. Fully close the following manual valves: MVB, MVE1, MVQ1, and BVL.
3. Turn all the selector switches (SS1, SS2 and SS3) to position 1.
4. Controller FIC must be in manual (M) mode with its MV=100%. Make
sure the chart drive of the recorder FDPZR is running. Otherwise, press
it’s ‘STOP’ pushbutton for a few seconds with its front swing cover
opened.
5. Starts pump PS and verify its flow at the discharge of pipeline PLL into
tank T2. Fully close the pump by-pass manual valve BVS for maximum
available flow through the control valve FCVL and the pipeline PLL using
the smaller pump PS.
6. Refer to the Table AL and note the following readings at the recorder
FDPZR and the pressure gauge PS.
 Channel 1 (USGPM)
 Blue pointer/trace (flow rate)
 Red pointer/trace
 Green pointer/trace
EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
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EFFECTIVE DATE:
DATE:
7. Change the MV = 80% and repeat the procedure to change the MV value.
8. Stop the small pump, PS.
1.2.2 Equal Percentage (%) Valve Operation
1. Open the manual valves: BVS, MVS, MVE1 and MVE2.
2. Fully close the following manual valves: MVB, MVL1, MVQ1, and BVE.
opened.
5. Starts pump PS and verify its flow at the discharge of pipeline PLE into
available flow through the control valve FCVE and the pipeline PLE using
6. Refer to the Table AE and note the following readings at the recorder
1.2.3 Quick Opening Valve Operation
1. Open the manual valves: BVS, MVS, MVQ1 and MVQ2.
2. Fully close the following manual valves: MVB, MVL1, MVE1, and BVQ.
opened.
EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
16 MAY
EFFECTIVE DATE:
DATE:
5. Starts pump PS and verify its flow at the discharge of pipeline PLQ into
available flow through the control valve FCVQ and the pipeline PLQ using
6. Refer to the Table AQ and note the following readings at the recorder
1.1 Experiment 2 (Control Valve Running with Big Pump)
1.3.1 Linear Valve Operation
1. Open the manual valves: BVB, MVB, MVL1 and MVL2.
2. Fully close the following manual valves: MVS, MVE1, MVQ1, and BVL.
opened.
5. Starts big pump, PB and verify its flow at the discharge of pipeline PLL
into tank T2. Fully close the pump by-pass manual valve BVB for
maximum available flow through the control valve FCVL and the pipeline
PLL using the big pump PB.
6. Refer to the Table AL and note the following readings at the recorder
EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
16 MAY
EFFECTIVE DATE:
DATE:
8. Stop the big pump, PB.
1.3.2 Equal Percentage (%) Valve Operation
1. Open the manual valves: BVB, MVB, MVE1 and MVE2.
2. Fully close the following manual valves: MVS, MVL1, MVQ1, and BVE.
opened.
5. Starts big pump, PB and verify its flow at the discharge of pipeline PLE
maximum available flow through the control valve FCVE and the pipeline
PLE using the big pump PB.
6. Refer to the Table AE and note the following readings at the recorder
8. Stop the big pump, PB.
1.3.3 Quick Opening Valve Operation
1. Open the manual valves: BVB, MVB, MVQ1 and MVQ2.
2. Fully close the following manual valves: MVS, MVL1, MVE1, and BVQ.
opened.
5. Starts big pump, PB and verify its flow at the discharge of pipeline PLQ
maximum available flow through the control valve FCVQ and the pipeline
PLQ using the big pump PB.
EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
16 MAY
EFFECTIVE DATE:
DATE:
6. Refer to the Table AQ and note the following readings at the recorder
Stop the big pump, PB.
1.2 Shut-down Checklist
1. Switch FIC to manual (M) mode and set it to its default set point (SV),
output MV and PID valves.
2. Switch off all of the pumps. Press the recorder ‘STOP’ pushbutton for a
few seconds to stop the chart drive. The recorder will display ‘Record
Stop’.
3. Turn off the external air supply valve to the model plant. It is not
necessary to turn off the individual air regulator (marked IAS).
4. Turn all of the selector switches (SS1, SS2 and SS3) back to position
1.Switch off the main power supply at the front cubicle.
EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
16 MAY
EFFECTIVE DATE:
DATE:
6.0 RESULTS & CALCULATIONS
TABLE AL: Pump PS with FCVL for Experiment 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Adjust Flowrate (F) Valve Opening Valve Pressure Pump Calculate the following ratio
FIC (Z or m) Drop (DPv) Discharge
Manual Channel 1 Blue Channel 2 Red Channel 3 Green Pressure F DPv/PGS Cv/CVma
Output (BL) Pointer (RD) Pointer (GN) Pointe PGS  100% x
Fmax (L)
MV USGPM or trace % % psi or trace (Psig)
% % %
100.0 Fmax(L)
80.0
60.0
50.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
50.0
60.0
80.0
100.0 Fmax(L)
TABLE AE: Pump PS with FCVE for Experiment 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Fmax (L)
% % %
100.0 Fmax(L)
80.0
60.0
50.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
50.0
60.0
80.0
100.0 Fmax(L)
EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
16 MAY
EFFECTIVE DATE:
DATE:
TABLE AQ: Pump PS with FCVQ for Experiment 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Fmax (L)
% % %
100.0 Fmax(L)
80.0
60.0
50.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
50.0
60.0
80.0
100.0 Fmax(L)
TABLE BL: Pump PB with FCVL for Experiment 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Fmax (L)
% % %
100.0 Fmax(L)
80.0
60.0
50.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
50.0
60.0
80.0
100.0 Fmax(L)
EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
16 MAY
EFFECTIVE DATE:
DATE:
TABLE BE: Pump PB with FCVE for Experiment 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Fmax (L)
% % %
100.0 Fmax(L)
80.0
60.0
50.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
50.0
60.0
80.0
100.0 Fmax(L)
TABLE BQ: Pump PB with FCVQ for Experiment 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Fmax (L)
% % %
100.0 Fmax(L)
80.0
60.0
50.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
50.0
60.0
80.0
100.0 Fmax(L)
EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
16 MAY
EFFECTIVE DATE:
DATE:
SG
Cv  F
DPv
Where F = Flowrate in USGPM

SG = Liquid Specific Gravity water SG at 60 F is 1.0)
DPv = Pressure drop across the control valve in psi
SG liquid 
C v (max)  F max
DPv min 
7.0 ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS
Analysed critically each results obtain in section 6.0 by referring to the

theory/introduction parts. Find reasons (suggested reasons) on each
occurrence shown in the results.
8.0 DISCUSSIONS
Discuss the overall experiment on data obtain based on your understanding.
Discussion should relate reasons for the phenomena/results obtained,
theoretical parts, suggested reasons (if necessary but back with sound
theoretical knowledge) and your overview understanding.
9.0 ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

1. What is control valve Cv?
2. What is control valve rangebility?
3. How is the control valve characteristics normally illustrated graphically?
4. What is the effect of (DPv)/(DPs) on the inherent control valve

characteristics?
5. Compare the characteristic curves of FCVL, FCVE and FCVQ obtained in

Experiment 1 with those in Experiment 2. Is the deviation from the inherent
characteristics more serious in Experiment 2 than in Experiment 1? Please
comment on the DPv and DPs in each case.
6. Why is it important to know the control valve characteristics? Which is

important finally in an operating control loop, the installed or inherent valve
characteristic?
EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
16 MAY
EFFECTIVE DATE:
DATE:
10.0 CONCLUSION
Conclusion is merely a summary of the important findings already reported
in the discussion section. It also relates to the objectives stated earlier.
11.0 SUGGESTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

Your ideas of suggestion & recommendation to improve the learning process
for this experiment or anything related to the experimental procedure etc.
12.0 REFERENCES
Minimum of at least 5 references (with 3 of them are paper/book/chapter
based)
Prepared by/Disediakan oleh : Approved by/Disahkan oleh :
Signature/Tandatangan : Signature/Tandatangan :
Name/Nama : DR. NASRUL FIKRY BIN CHE PA Name/Nama : PROF. MADYA DR. ISHAK BABA
Date/Tarikh : Date/Tarikh :

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FACULTY : ENGINEERING 1

PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION LABORATORY

COURSE CODE BNQ 30203

EXPERIMENT TITLE CONTROL VALVE CHARACTERISTICS

EXAMINER COMMENTS: RECEIVED DATE AND STAMP:

STUDENT CODE OF ETHICS

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

1) Group Leader: ………………………………………….. (Signature)

2) Group Member 1: ………………………………………. (Signature)

3) Group Member 2:……………………………………….. (Signature)

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

4.0 INSTRUMENTS /APPARATUS / CHEMICAL / REAGENTS

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of Control Valve System

1. Tanks T1 and T2 should be filled with water almost up to the level of

4. Turn ON the main power supply switch at the front cubicle.

5. Closed the drain valves of tanks T1 and T2.

1.0 Experiment 1 (Control Valve Running with Small Pump)

1.2.1 Linear Valve Operation

1. Open the manual valves: BVS, MVS, MVL1 and MVL2.

8. Stop the small pump, PS.

1.2.2 Equal Percentage (%) Valve Operation

1. Open the manual valves: BVS, MVS, MVE1 and MVE2.

8. Stop the small pump, PS.

1.2.3 Quick Opening Valve Operation

1. Open the manual valves: BVS, MVS, MVQ1 and MVQ2.

8. Stop the small pump, PS.

1.1 Experiment 2 (Control Valve Running with Big Pump)

1.3.1 Linear Valve Operation

1. Open the manual valves: BVB, MVB, MVL1 and MVL2.

1. Open the manual valves: BVB, MVB, MVE1 and MVE2.

8. Stop the big pump, PB.

1.3.3 Quick Opening Valve Operation

1. Open the manual valves: BVB, MVB, MVQ1 and MVQ2.

1.2 Shut-down Checklist

TABLE AE: Pump PS with FCVE for Experiment 1

TABLE BL: Pump PB with FCVL for Experiment 2

TABLE BQ: Pump PB with FCVQ for Experiment 2

Where F = Flowrate in USGPM

7.0 ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS

Analysed critically each results obtain in section 6.0 by referring to the

9.0 ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

4. What is the effect of (DPv)/(DPs) on the inherent control valve

5. Compare the characteristic curves of FCVL, FCVE and FCVQ obtained in

6. Why is it important to know the control valve characteristics? Which is

11.0 SUGGESTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

Prepared by/Disediakan oleh : Approved by/Disahkan oleh :

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