初中英语语法几大基本时态讲与练（3）

一般现在时　现在进行时　一般过去时　一般将来时　过去进行时

　　一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解：1）过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I

bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.2 ）过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 e.g. When I was a child,I often

played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.3）谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.4）有些发生时

间不是很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。e.g. What did you say?

　　

　　另外，还可用过去时表示委婉的语气。e.g. Could you lend me your pen?

　　

　　其结构是"主语+动词的过去式"。be 动词的过去式为 was, were；行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化有以下几

种情况： 1）直接在动词原形末尾加 -ed. e.g. work-----worked; ask------asked; 2 ）以 e 结尾的动词只加 -d. e.g. arrive-----arrived; like-----

liked.3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed. e.g. shop-----shopped; 4)以"辅音字母+y"结尾的动词,先把 y

变成 i,再加-ed. e.g. carry----carried; study------studied.有些动词变过去式是不规则的,e.g. fly------flew; break-----broke; teach-----taught. 这些需

要象生单词一样记住.

　　

　　其句式变化分为两种情况 1)含有 be 动词的依然在 be 上做文章. e.g. I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980?

2)含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词 didn't.,同时把动词变成原形; 变一般疑问句,在句首加助动词 did,同时把动词变成原形.

e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didn't buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday?

　　

　　其时间状语为 yesterday 或由其构成的短语,e.g. yesterday morning; 由"last+时间"构成的短语, e.g. last year; 由"时间段+ago"构成的短语,

e.g. three days ago; 另外,还有 on the morning of Monday, just now 等,以及一些表示过去时态的从句.注意,在宾语从句中主句为过去,一般从句

也为过去.

　　自主检测:

　　

　　（一 ）选择

　　

　　1 She lived there before he____to China.

　　

　　A. came B. comes C. come D. coming

　　

　　2 I _____but_____nothing.

　　

　　A . was listened;was hearing B. listened;heard

　　

　　C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of

　　

　　3 When did you ____here?

　　

　　A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach

　　

　　4 I____my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.

　　

　　A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish

　　

　　5 -He didn't go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he?

　　

　　- _______.

　　

　　A. No, he doesn't B. Yes, he didn't C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.

　　

　　6 -I have had supper.

　　

　　- When ____you____it?

　　

　　A. have; had B. do, have C. did,have D. will have

　　

　　答案: 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 D 6 C

　　

　　（二） 填空

　　

　　1 They____(be) on the farm a moment ago.

　　

　　2 There____(be)a shop not long ago.

　　

　　3 Jenny____(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night.

　　

　　4 Danny _____(read )English five minutes ago.

　　

　　5 I _____(see)Li Lei ____(go) out just now.

　　

　　6 He ____(do)his homework every day. But he __(not do)it yesterday.

　　

　　7 When I was young, I _____(play)games with my friends.

　　

　　8 When ____you_____(write)this book?

　　

　　I _____it last year.

　　

　　9 Did he____(have) lunch at home?

　　

　　10 I _____(eat) the bread, I 'm full now.

　　

　　答案:1 were 2 was 3 didn't go 4 read 5 saw go

　　

　　6 does ; didn't do 7 played 8 did write ; wrote 9 have 10 have eaten　　
　　常见错误如下:

　　

　　一、把动词变成过去式易出错

　　

　　例: 1 They stoped (stop) talking just now.

　　

　　2 They plaied (play) football yesterday.

　　

　　答案: 1 stopped 2 played

　　

　　解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:"动词变成过去式,双写规律要牢记;y 前若是辅音字,y 变 i 加-ed;y 前若是元音字,只须直接加-ed."

　　

　　二、忘记把动词变成过去式

　　

　　例: I fly (fly) kites on the afternoon of Sunday.

　　

　　答案: flew

　　

　　解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:"一般过去时态里,过去形式莫忘记".

　　

　　三、在句式变换时易出错

　　

　　例: 1 We didn't went (not go) out last Friday.

　　

　　2 Did you had (have) a good time yesterday?

　　

　　答案: 1 didn't go 2 Did have

　　

　　解析:请记住口诀"见助动, 用原形."

　　

　　四、易与单三人称作主语的一般现在时弄混

　　

　　例: He taughts (teach) me English last year.

　　

　　答案: taught

　　

　　解析:行为动词的过去式无人称和数的变化.即使主语是单三人称,也和其它人称所用动词的形式一样.

　　

　　五、易与现在完成时弄混

　　

　　例: 我看过这部电影
　　

　　I saw(see) the film.

　　

　　答案: I have seen (see) the film.

　　

　　解析:"我看过这部电影"说明我了解这部电影的内容,强调现在的情况,应用现在完成时;

　　

　　一般过去时态的句子只是说明我看了这场电影,与现在无关..

　　

　　六、易与过去进行时弄混,这里不在重复。