Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By
Of the Requirements of
Contents
Overview and Context of Instructional System .............................................................................. 4
Purpose........................................................................................................................................ 4
The topic of Instruction ............................................................................................................... 4
Target Audience .......................................................................................................................... 5
Mode of Delivery ........................................................................................................................ 5
Task Analysis .................................................................................................................................. 7
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 11
Development ............................................................................................................................. 12
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 13
Review of the Process ................................................................................................................... 15
Research ........................................................................................................................................ 24
References ..................................................................................................................................... 27
GROUP MINI PROJECT 3
Appendices .................................................................................................................................... 30
Appendix A ............................................................................................................................... 30
Appendix B ............................................................................................................................... 31
Appendix C ............................................................................................................................... 32
Appendix D ............................................................................................................................... 36
Appendix E ............................................................................................................................... 37
Appendix F................................................................................................................................ 38
GROUP MINI PROJECT 4
An online workshop has been designed to train a group of 30 teachers and school
administrators to integrate ICT into their classroom and student management. The Moodle
learning management system has been chosen by the Stahls who have been asked to design the
online instructions for the teachers. This workshop is to accommodate a recent government
comprises the ABC Secondary School principal, heads of departments and 20 different forms of
teachers. Given that the workshop is to be completed within three hours sessions over one week,
the instructional strategies were designed based on Merrill's first principles of instructions. Both
asynchronous and synchronous sessions are afforded, with the use of Skype for the synchronous
sessions. Assessment includes both formative and summative feedback with appropriate
performance rubric to assist learning and evaluation. The course content focused on Student360,
a web-based data management program which can create, manipulate and report on any student’s
Purpose
To conduct a needs assessment to determine what training is needed to integrate ICT into
their classroom and student management project initiated by the Ministry of Education.
Target Audience
Twenty-six teachers are the target audience. They are six males and twenty females. The
principal, five head of departments and twenty form teachers. The teachers’ ages range from
twenty-seven to sixty-two years old. Twenty-six are certified teachers with numerous years of
teaching experience. Twenty-two have a first degree, four have postgraduate. All have basic
computer skills and have been exposed to daily class routines and student information.
Mode of Delivery
Online workshop using the Moodle LMS incorporating Skype requiring three (3) contact
hours for successful completion. The workshop will be available to participants for the duration of
one (1) week. The school provides each teacher with a suitable laptop to utilize at home to be able
to access online content. This mode after surveying participants was chosen to allow participants
Optimal
The program is an effective and consistent program for teachers and management to collect data
● Staff will gain adequate knowledge and skills to use the program.
● Staff will be efficient in carrying out the daily task in the program.
● There is equipment that can support the use of the new program.
● Staff will consistently make the 3 contact hours needed for training.
Actuals
● The staff use a paper-based solution for collecting data and disseminating statistics.
GROUP MINI PROJECT 6
Feelings
● The staff believes this is an added responsibility to their workload and schedule.
● The staff is curious about the program and its capabilities and benefits.
● Mature staff believes that the workshop could take a different format.
Causes
Solutions
● Opportunities for training and practice in student management system for teachers; Many
teachers, though they may have the basic knowledge and skills to operate a basic
computer device, may not necessarily have the required knowledge and skills to use a
● Assist teachers in accepting and practicing a new app; demonstrating to the teachers, the
benefits of management systems may help change the culture of the school.
GROUP MINI PROJECT 7
Task Analysis
A task selection criteria worksheet was populated and specific learner tasks were
Points were assigned based on priority and the top three ranked tasks essential to the workshop’s
learning objectives were identified as follows: entering new student information, producing
A prerequisite analysis was also prepared to itemize the knowledge and skills required to be
learned by participants in order to achieve the workshop objectives (See Appendix B).
Procedural analyses were done for all prioritized tasks. (See Appendix C)
Performance Objectives
Terminal Objective
demonstrate 90-100 % accuracy in the entry of student information onto the database,
Enabling Objectives
(application)
3. Illustrate, on the first attempt with at least 95% accuracy, the transference of new
Application Assessments
computer literacy skills with particular emphasis on data entry proficiency. Formative and
summative assessments will also be carried out during and after each instructional unit
to the real-life activities expected to be carried out by participants. A Performance Rubric was
Pre-Assessment
This activity will serve to inform about participants’ prior data entry abilities.
Learners will engage in a data entry exercise from the website https://thepracticetest.com/data-
entry/proveit-practice-test/ which requires the accurate input of alphanumeric data into their
relevant fields. Upon completion, participants will be required to screenshot their results and
Assessment Items
Using a replica Student360 website, participants will be required to log in using the
username and password credentials which will be issued to them. They will then be required to
perform four assessment activities working with documents previously distributed at the
introductory sit-down session. Participants will be assessed based on the accuracy of entries for
GROUP MINI PROJECT 9
these activities. After each activity, participants will be put into groups of five based on their
results and will be required to post about their experiences, share thoughts and tips and provide
advice to their peers about the various assessment activities in the discussion forums provided.
Assessment Item 1
It is the day after new student registration and you are responsible for transferring data
from on registration forms to the database. Given the following student information, accurately
St. James
Peter
Michael
Assessment Item 2
You have finished marking mathematics examination papers. All of the students’ data are
in your mark book which are required to be transferred to the database. Given the following
Assessment Item 3
In keeping with form teacher’s duties, you are responsible for preparing reports for your
form class to be distributed at the upcoming parent’s day. Part of students’ reports includes
punctuality and regularity recording. Given the following student information, accurately enter
Assessment Item 4
It is the end of the term and as is the norm, various changes will be occurring. These
changes have to be entered on the database. Given the following, accurately manipulate the
a) In table 1, new students Ronaldo, Mario, and Fay-Ann have been assigned to Form
1B.
b) In table 2, Marissa Springer, an exceptionally gifted student, has been fast-tracked via
promotion to Form 3.
Introduction
1. Preview: Participants are shown a collection of student data on the online management
2. Discussion: The participants discuss the benefits a system like the one show in the
preview to the school, the staff and the parents of the students.
3. Objectives: The Objectives of the program are shared (and explained if need be).
4. Recall: Students state and demonstrate what they already know about the online system
Development
5. Analogies-
cabinet system. Find the correct room (Page), filing cabinet (student), and file
the past 55 years in notebooks and an online system. It is used to motivate the
6. Video Demonstration: A short screencast video showing how each task is completed.
7. Guided Practice: The video is replayed and paused between steps as the participants
8. Authentic Tasks/ Environment: The previous task and other tasks in the lesson will be
conducted in the exact working environment that this task is usually performed.
GROUP MINI PROJECT 13
system.
10. Think-Pair-Share: Students will be given a troubleshooting problem that may occur and
11. Instructional Game: The participants are giving a list of 100 students’ information to
enter into the system. The timer is set to 5 minutes and the teacher with the 3 highest
12. Reciprocal Teaching: The participants are given a nonparticipating staff member, who
does not know the system. They are to teach their partner how to perform the steps. In the
next level of the game the student in each pair will participate in the game, allowing the
13. Collaborative Work: In groups of five, the teachers develop a plan for the best method of
collecting data that cannot be entered into the system immediately, to most easily
facilitate the transfer of student information into the system. E.g. rearranging the structure
Conclusion
14. Reflection: After each lesson, the students will participate in a reflection, answering the
following questions:
a. Which of the tasks learned was easiest and most difficult and why? Plan one way
b. Compare the difficulty between lesson tasks. Write a list of the steps performed to
did not work for you and ways you can strengthen your new skillset.
“Quality is a characteristic defined by the user.” (O.P. Veniegas). Therefore, in order for
us to determine whether or not we have a quality programme, we needed to test our product
before the actual implementation. An evaluation is done in order to measure and predict the
success or failure of a programme. With testing the product, we hoped to answer the following
questions: Can the programme be adopted in its entirety? If not, what forms of adaptation does it
need? Besides, adaptation, is there any further improvement required? Does the programme
format need to be redone completely? How long will it take a learner to successfully complete
the learning material? Do the instructional objectives meet the objectives as well as the needs
and concerns of the learners? How is the quality of the materials trial materials, in terms of the
experience; learners'; Relevance to real life situation and Language appropriateness? Can the
users understand and complete all of the planned tasks and activities?
For the purpose of our programme, analysis of data involved the application of
techniques from computer science, mathematics as well as statistics in order to gain insights
from raw information or data. Data for evaluation can come from a host of sources such as
interviews, questionnaires, information from application forms, and so on. However, prior to
implementing the programme, we tested it on a sample of persons. The first sample involved the
use of two experts in the field of Secondary School Computerised Data Entry. They were used to
complete the first phase of our evaluation which we called Expert appraisal or Judgement by
peers. The experts were IT professionals who implemented a similar programme at their
GROUP MINI PROJECT 16
institutions. They were very pleased with the contents of the programme and they were excited to
see how persons would grasp the concepts. This interest was as a result of the fact that they did
not have a programme for instructing individual teachers on the software. Instead, the teachers
learned the programme “on the fly”. This, they commented, often posed a problem for them
because the teacher who was less technologically savvy often interrupted them whilst they were
completing other tasks in order for them to assist with tasks relating to the data entry software.
The second study sample comprised of ten Secondary School Teachers who were about
to implement a similar data entry system at their schools. They also shared similar characteristics
with teachers of our client school such as more than five years of teaching experience, computer
literate and possessed the same education level. They were used to complete the second and final
phase of our evaluation which we called the Small Group Tryout or Preliminary Field Test. At
the end of the programme, each participant was given a questionnaire to fill out. The
implementation. Appendix E contains the Questionnaire and Appendix F contains the statistical
Overall, the students were satisfied with the programme and found it easy to complete.
They were happy that it did not take up too much of their personal time and found that one week
was sufficient time for the programme to be open in order to complete this three - hour course.
One participant in the programme was even quoted as saying “I barely have any knowledge of
computers but this programme was easy to use. I literally sailed through it.” another person said
“wish this existed at my school. It was so difficult to figure out how to use all of the tools in the
software without being given any guiding instructions. With this programme, everything seemed
GROUP MINI PROJECT 17
easy.” The one participant (which represented 10% of the sample) who took one week to do the
programme, explained that this was due to personal constraints and was happy that the portal was
open for that period of time so that the programme could be completed.
Since the theory of “Plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose” holds true, we did not see
Design Process
about learning theories, information technology, systematic analysis, educational research, and
management methods.” (Morrison et al. (2013). The Design Process was based mostly on the
3. Task Analysis- Identify subject content, and analyze task components related to
5. Content Sequencing - Sequence content within each instructional unit for logical
learning.
The design process began by asking the following six related questions.
1. What level of readiness do individual students need for accomplishing the objectives?
2. What instructional strategies are most appropriate in terms of objectives and student
characteristics?
6. What revisions are necessary if a tryout of the program does not match expectations?
As a team, we shared the background story behind each of our projects and unanimously
decided that the best problem to solve would be that of computerized data entry. This is solely
due to the fact that we are living in the age of digital media and therefore it is imperative that
teachers learn how to enter student data onto an online database. Many schools across the
Caribbean have already adopted this approach to entering data and so it is critical that teachers
know how to use such a system. Although the data entry software used may vary from country to
country, the idea is to create a programme which was transferable - even if a few tweaks may be
needed for the purpose of implementation in another school. Our team comprised of two teachers
and two IT experts. This means we had a healthy blend of persons who have used a similar
programme and who have created it. We were therefore able to lend support to each other as it
related to what we thought would work and what we thought would not work at all.
GROUP MINI PROJECT 19
Since the beauty of the MRK Model is that each element is independent of the other, we
divided the tasks amongst ourselves on the basis of skill-set i.e. whatever each person was good
at. Some tasks we performed as a team. Initially, we began as a team of five. However, the
hardships of our personal lives cost us two of our members who had to leave the programme due
to extenuating circumstances. We also gained one new member sometime after mid-semester
which meant that tasks have to be re-assigned amongst the team. Since each element is
independent of the other, it holds true that not all nine elements are required for all instructional
design process. Therefore missed steps were not necessarily an error in the implementation of the
model.
It was important that all the participants in this programme had to, at least, be computer
literate at the basic level. We thought it important to utilize instructional strategies which have a
Cognitivism approach. This was because all students needed to demonstrate that meaningful
learning took place. They needed to understand the programme and be able to use it to perform
the necessary tasks of entering student data be it their personal information or their grades.
Participants in the programmes were all required to have access to a computer with internet
connectivity. The students required little to no support since the instructions in the programme
were quite clear and the lessons were designed to be as concise as possible. As it relates to the
delivery of the programme, we consulted the use of Merrill’s First Principles (Merrill, 2009).
completion was marked by a pass mark of 85% on the formative evaluation component. 90% of
GROUP MINI PROJECT 20
the participants were able to gain a score of 100 % from the evaluation exercise whilst 10%
scored 90%.
We worked hard to avoid simple errors such as a crowded screen as well as information
overload which could contribute to cognitive load. This would overwhelm the learners and make
them disinterested in wanting to continue. We also tried our best to avoid mismatched imagery
which would confuse the learner. It was also important that our lesson was not very wordy. The
trial of the programme actually met and surpassed our expectations and, therefore, we saw it fit
to leave it as is.
Game knowledge, skills, and abilities skills such as team work and
accomplishment of an activity, as
Share
a group (Reigeluth & Keller,
2009).
Keller, 2009).
To note and seek answers to
misconceptions.
Keller, 2009).
To motivate learners.
GROUP MINI PROJECT 24
teaching cognitive
democratic learning
skills.
Research
The successful integration of any technology into schools requires careful development
which depends largely on understanding and appreciating the dynamics of such integration.
Jhurree (2005) recommends that disparities should be addressed when developing programs for
technology integration in school systems. These include, but are not limited to, teacher
teachers, and involving major stakeholders in the decision- making process” (Jhurree,
2005).
system indicates that educators progress systematically from stage to stage in her technology
throughout the school year. Furthermore, she finds that when technology is integrated on a needs
basis in education there is a rapid, positive effect on teacher attitudes, such as reduced anxiety
towards computer use, increased perceived importance of computers, and enjoyment during or as
a result of computer use. This type of model is shown to also have positive effects on students’
development of the training, which can be seen in the preceding report. The assessment of the
needs of the learners, prioritizing the most important tasks, using a systematic approach to the
training with adequate technical support, are all factors that contributed to the successfulness of
this training program. The variety of carefully selected strategies further increased the
Reflection
Usually at the end of a course I am willing to get it over with and be done. This course
was a pleasant experience however, despite its challenges. In retrospect, I believe these feelings
are the result of the structure of the course, which worked very well for me. I appreciated the
orderly approach to building our Individual Mini Project. Creating each part of the project on a
weekly basis was truly effective. I feel confident that I have met the expectations set for me, and
had sufficient time for trial and error as well as corrections. While my mini projects may not
have been perfect, I am satisfied with the fact that I know how to systematically design
instruction.
One area that did not work well for me was the giving and receiving of feedback from my
peers. I would have much preferred to have a single peer to review and assist. It was
cumbersome, reviewing six different set of ideas and programs. Due to this, my participation
suffered. I resorted to giving feedback outside of the learning exchange, as much as I could,
because it was convenient and less time consuming. If given another opportunity I would have
stored the exchanges outside of the platform. I would also manage time better. Enrolling in three
I appreciated both working individually and in the group. I was able to clarify my
misconceptions using the knowledge of my peers. We identified our strengths and applied those
to our pieces of the group project. My members are pleasant and cooperative. It’s wonderful to
have support when under pressure, even from strangers. I also learned a lot about myself from
my independent work. I was able to identify which parts of the design process aligned with who I
am and which parts I may have to delegate to other designers or experts in the future.
GROUP MINI PROJECT 27
References
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED496543.pdf
CommLab India. (2018). 9 Common Mistakes Instructional Designers can Avoid. [ONLINE]
Designing Digitally. (2017). 5 E-Learning Design Mistakes to Avoid. [ONLINE] retrieved from
https://www.designingdigitally.com/blog/2017/08/5-e-learning-design-mistakes-avoid.
Driscoll, M. P. (2000). Psychology of Learning for Instruction. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
https://thepracticetest.com/data-entry/proveit-practice-test/.
Chellman (Eds.), Instructional Design Theories and Models (pp. 99-116). New York:
Routledge.
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Hanley, M. (2009). Discovering instructional design 11: The Kemp model. Retrieved from
https://michaelhanley.ie/elearningcurve/discovering-instructional-design-11-kemp-
model/
Hawk, P., McLeod, N. P., Jonassen, D. H. (1983). Graphic Organizers in Text, Courseware, and
https://2018.tle.courses.open.uwi.edu/pluginfile.php/117678/mod_resource/content/1/Gra
phicOrganizers.pdf
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ855000.pdf
A. Carr-Chellman (Eds.), Instructional Design Theories and Models (pp. 117-142). New
York: Routledge.
(Eds.), Instructional Design Theories and Models (pp. 41-56). New York: Routledge.
Morrison, G. R., Ross, S. M., Kalman H.K. & Kemp, J. E. (2013). Designing Effective
Instruction, 7th edition, New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc
GROUP MINI PROJECT 29
& A. A. Carr-Chellman (Eds.), Instructional Design Theories and Models (pp. 27-39).
https://lti.umuc.edu/contentadaptor/topics/byid/3cd489dc-f42f-4244-8fb3-3e3b17d55ea0
Veniegas O.P. (n.d.). Ensuring the Effectiveness and Quality of Learning Materials: How to Use
http://www.accu.or.jp/litdbase/pub/dlperson/pdf0106/rpp24_1.pdf
GROUP MINI PROJECT 30
Appendices
Appendix A
Task Analysis
Priority range Key: 0> 40 (low); 40>60 (moderate); 60> 80 (high); 80> (critical)
GROUP MINI PROJECT 31
Appendix B
Prerequisite Analysis
GROUP MINI PROJECT 32
Appendix C
Procedural Analysis
Task: Accessing SMIS database
Level I
1. Go to website www.student360.com
2. Enter website using login credentials
3. Click on ‘navigation’ tab
4. Select ‘my courses’
5. Select ‘SMIS’
Level II
1. Enter student first name
1.1 Select ‘new student record’ tab
1.2 Place cursor in the field entitled ‘first name’
1.3 Type student’s first name
Level II
1.1 Click drop down box arrow in the field entitled ‘subject’
1.2 Select your subject discipline
1.3 Click drop box arrow in the field entitled ‘student name’
1.4 Select student name
1.5 Place cursor in the field entitled ‘course mark’
1.6 Type student course mark
4. Transfer student
Level II
1. Assign a student to class
1.1 Select student
1.2 Click ‘edit’
1.3 Click ‘assign’
1.4 Select class to be assigned
1.5 Confirm assignment
2. Promote student
2.1 Select student
2.2 Click ‘edit’
2.3 Click ‘promote’
2.4 Select class to be promoted to
2.5 Confirm promotion
3. Graduate student
3.1 Select student
3.2 Click ‘edit’
3.3 Click ‘graduate’
3.4 Select programme
3.5 Confirm graduation
4. Transfer student
4.1 Select student
4.2 Click ‘edit’
4.3 Click ‘transfer requested’
GROUP MINI PROJECT 36
Appendix D
Question 1
YES- 90 %, NO- 10 %
Question 3
NO- 100%
Question 4
NO- 100%
Question 5
Question 7
100% stated that all of the instructional objectives were fulfilled by the end of the programme.
Question 8
Question 9
100% of the participants stated that they could have completed the programme without any
hiccups.