Looking Inside the Computer System

 Parts of a Computer,
- Input Devices (Keyboard, Mouse, etc.)
- Central Processing Unit (CPU) and memory
- Output Devices (Monitor, Speakers, etc.)
- Motherboard (Circuit Board)
- Expansion Cards (Video Card, Sound Card, or NIC)
- Hard Drive, Ports and Connections (USB, Firewire, etc.)

Designed by Dr. Ahmad Jalal (Air University)

1. Parts of a Computer

1. Input Devices (Keyboard, Mouse, etc.)

2. Central Processing Unit (CPU) and memory

3. Output Devices (Monitor, Speakers, etc.)

4. Motherboard (Circuit Board)

5. Expansion Cards (Video Card, Sound Card, or NIC)

6. Hard Drive, Ports and Connections (USB, Firewire, etc.)

Designed by Dr. Ahmad Jalal (Air University)

1. Parts of a Computer
1. Input Devices
 It accepts data from user.
 Converts that data in computer
readable form.
 Coded data is then moved to the  Examples are
system for processing.
Input Methods:-
i. Batch Input Methods.
ii. Source Data Input Methods.
iii. On-line Input Methods.
(Cont…)
i. Batch Input Method:-
 In this method, firstly data is
converted from source documen
into machine-readable code.
- Punched cards.
- Magnetic tapes.
- Magnetic disks (e.g., floppy disks,
hard disk)

Designed by Dr. Ahmad Jalal (Air University)

1. Parts of a Computer (Cont…)
1. Input Devices
ii. Source Data Input Methods. iii. On-line Input Method:-
 In this method, data is directly In this method, input data is
put into the computer from the characterized by immediate
source. computer processing.
 Examples are Examples are
- Scanners. - Keyboard.
- Optical Character Reader, - Mouse.
- Bar Code Reader, - microphone.
- Magnetic Ink Character Reader.

Designed by Dr. Ahmad Jalal (Air University)

1. Parts of a Computer (Cont…)
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU) and memory

The Central Processing Unit, abbreviated as CPU, is the “Brain” of

the computer system.
A device that interprets and runs the commands that you give to the
computer.
Examples: Intel Core 2.
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

Main Memory Arithmetic Logic

Unit

Control Unit

Designed by Dr. Ahmad Jalal (Air University)

1. Parts of a Computer (Cont…)
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU) and memory

a) Arithmetic Logic Units (ALU) :-

All arithmetical and logical (decision making) activities are
performed by this section.
- arithmetic means all sort of addition, subtraction, division and
multiplication is done.
- Every arithmetic step requires 2 numbers and produces a result.
- Logic units perform decision in between 2 values. (e.g., like < or >
or =).

Designed by Dr. Ahmad Jalal (Air University)

1. Parts of a Computer (Cont…)
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU) and memory

b) Control Unit :-
Control unit behaves like a traffic police inspector.
It manages the function performed by different parts of the
computer.
This unit doesn't perform any sort of processing on the data;
- it actually executes the program instruction, controls and direct
the input, informs ALU for processing, arranges temporary and
permanent storage and prepares output devices for results.

Designed by Dr. Ahmad Jalal (Air University)

1. Parts of a Computer (Cont…)
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU) and memory

c) Memory :-
Memory is where information is stored and retrieved by the CPU.
There are two main types of memory:

a)Random Access Memory (RAM):

- The data stored in this part of the memory can be read, changed
or erased completely.
- RAM is also known as temporary memory because, the
information stored in it is lost when the computer is switched off or
the light goes off.

Designed by Dr. Ahmad Jalal (Air University)

1. Parts of a Computer (Cont…)
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU) and memory

c) Memory :-
b) Read Only Memory (ROM):
- It is the memory that retains its contents even after the computer
is turned off.
- The data can be accessed or read any time but cannot be changed
or removed or written to it.
- ROM is nonvolatile, or permanent, memory that is commonly
used to store commands, such as the commands that check whether
everything is working properly.

Designed by Dr. Ahmad Jalal (Air University)

1. Parts of a Computer (Cont…)
3. Output Devices i. Soft Copy:-
The final part of a computer is The results (text/graphics)
the output unit; appear on displayed screen are
- which presents the results of known as Soft copy.
the machine operations in visual Output devices use for soft
form or printed. copy are:
- Monitor,
Output Types:- - TV screen,
i. Soft Copy. - VGA (Video Graphics
ii. Hard Copy. Adapter/Array)

Designed by Dr. Ahmad Jalal (Air University)

1. Parts of a Computer (Cont…)
3. Output Devices
ii. Hard Copy:-
The results (text/graphics) printed on paper is known as Hard copy.
It is considered to be a permanent copy.
can be retained even if the computer is turned off.
Output devices use for hard copy are:
- Printers,
- Laser printers,

Designed by Dr. Ahmad Jalal (Air University)

1. Parts of a Computer (Cont…)
4. Motherboard

 Is the main circuit board inside the computer.

 Has tiny electronic circuits and other components on it.

 Connects input, output, and processing devices together

(CPU, Memory, Hard Drive, DVD Drive)

 Tells the CPU how to run.

Designed by Dr. Ahmad Jalal (Air University)

1. Parts of a Computer (Cont…)
5. Expansion Cards

 Video Card – is connected to the computer monitor and is used to

display information on the monitor.

Network Interface Card (NIC) – is connected to other computers so

that information can be exchanged between them.

Sound Card – converts audio signals (microphone or audio tape)

which can be stored as a computer audio file.

Designed by Dr. Ahmad Jalal (Air University)

1. Parts of a Computer (Cont…)
6. Hard Drive, Ports and Connections (USB, Firewire, etc.)
Hard drive or storage devices are used to store computer
information.
Storage devices can be divided into two types, internal storage
devices and external storage devices.
Storage devices come in many forms. Some examples are hard drive
or disk, CD-ROM, floppy disk, and DVD-ROM.
Hard Disk :-
-A magnetic disk that is usually the main storage device on most computers.
-It can be an external or an internal device.

Floppy Disk :-
-A portable storage device that allows you to store a small amount of data.
- A disadvantage of this disk is that it can be easily damaged by heat, dust, or
magnetic fields.
Designed by Dr. Ahmad Jalal (Air University)
1. Parts of a Computer (Cont…)
6. Hard Drive, Ports and Connections (USB, Firewire, etc.)
CD-ROM :-
-A portable storage medium that allows you to store 400 times more data than on a
floppy disk.
-It is less prone to damage than a floppy disk.

DVD-ROM :-
•A portable storage medium that is similar to a CD-ROM;
•However, it can store larger amounts of data than a floppy disk or a CD-ROM.
•A DVD-ROM is commonly used to store movies and videos.

Designed by Dr. Ahmad Jalal (Air University)

1. Parts of a Computer (Cont…)
6. Hard Drive, Ports and Connections (USB, Firewire, etc.)
A port is a channel through which data is transferred between
input/output devices and the processor.
There are several types of ports that you can use to connect the
computer to external devices and networks.
Some types of ports are described in the following list.
Universal Serial Bus (USB) Port :-
-You use this to connect peripheral devices such as a mouse, a modem, a keyboard,
or a printer to a computer.

FireWire :-
-You use this to connect devices such as a digital camera.
-It is faster than the USB.

Designed by Dr. Ahmad Jalal (Air University)

1. Parts of a Computer (Cont…)
6. Hard Drive, Ports and Connections (USB, Firewire, etc.)
Network Port :-
-You use this to connect a computer to other computers to exchange information
between the computers.

Parallel Port and Serial Port :-

-You use these ports to connect printers and other devices to a personal computer.
-However, the USB is now the preferred method for connecting peripheral devices
because It is faster and easier to use.

Display Adapter :-
-You connect a monitor to the display adapter on your computer.
-The display adapter generates the video signal received from the computer, and
sends it to a monitor through a cable.
-The display adapter may be on the motherboard, or on an expansion card.

Designed by Dr. Ahmad Jalal (Air University)