2.

20 The normalized radiation intensity of an antenna is approximated by

U = sin𝜃

where 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 𝜋, and 0 ≤ 𝜙 ≤ 2𝜋. Determine the directivity using the

(a) exact formula

𝑈 = sin 𝜃
2𝜋 𝜋
𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑑 = ∫ ∫ 𝑢. sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃𝑑∅
0 0

2𝜋 𝜋
𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑑 = ∫ ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑑𝜃𝑑∅ = 𝜋 2
0 0

4𝜋𝑈𝑚𝑎𝑥 4𝜋 4
𝐷𝑜 = = 2 = = 1,2732
𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝜋 𝜋

(b) formulas of (2-33a) by McDonald and (2-33b) by Pozar

101
𝐷𝑜 = = 1.2451
(120) − 0.0027)(120)2

Donde HPBW=120

1
𝐷𝑜 = −172.24 + 191√0.818 + = 1.2245
120

(c) computer program Directivity of this chapter.