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Each train therefore comprised six (6) 72 lamp The design therefore allowed for quenching of
reactors representing a 5 Duty / 1 Standby H2O2 with Sodium Bisulfite. During initial operation
arrangement, for the design flow and this quenching was not successful, as the reaction
concentrations. Additionally each reactor of 72 between H2O2 and SBS did not proceed quickly
lamps allows for up to 6 lamps to fail before going enough, and realised an extremely high Sodium
offline. Hypochlorite demand (the plant requires a Free
Chlorine residual of 2mg/L). It was determined that
Lamp aging is considered in the design with the the addition of lime and consequent increase in pH
design power input based on the end of lamp life was slowing the reaction. Modifications were made
power draw of the lamps, which was guaranteed to to dose the SBS further upstream, allowing some
exceed 12,000 hours. reaction time before lime addition. Quenching was
then able to be carried out with approx 12-15mg/L
The EEO (a measure of the amount of energy SBS.
required per log removal of the target contaminant –
in this case NDMA) selected was based on VALIDATION
previously validated results from the same units at
other facilities. The EEO is used to determined the In establishing the multi-barrier process for these
required number of lamps and required energy AWTPs, it was determined that each barrier must
input. have Critical Control Parameters, that were to be
subject to validation, to ensure the integrity of the
The Hydrogen Peroxide dose was selected based barrier. For the UV/AOP, the parameter used are
on scavenging tests carried out on the feedwater, the Present Power Ratio (PPR) and the Hydrogen
and compared with rates used on similar projects. Peroxide dose. The PPR is a ration of the applied
At the minimum UVT of 95%, a dose rate of 6mg/L power divided by the required power, and is
was required (Figure 4). monitored continuously – it must always be greater
than 100%. The Hydrogen Peroxide dose rate is
also monitored continuously via a dedicated FIGURES
flowmeter, and this must always be above the
design value (of 6mg/L). SBS dose
Other operational issues observed in running the H2O2 dose Flow Monitoring
UV System
UV/AOP units were as follows:
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
6
Dose Rate (mg/L)
0
94% 95% 96% 97% 98% 99% 100%
UVT (% )