Audio Assistance for blind people in

Recognizing cloth patterns and colors using

Modified SVM along with Fuzzy Logic

A PROJECT WORK

Submitted in fulfilment of the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology

in Electronics and Communication Engineering

Submitted by

M Vamsi Krishna, 15951A04M3

P Srikanth Reddy, 15951A04K0
C Vishwa Vallabh, 15951A04P2

Under the supervision of

Dr P Ashok Babu,
Professor, Department of ECE

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
DUNDIGAL – 500 043, HYDERABAD, TELANGANA
 INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
DUNDIGAL – 500 043, HYDERABAD, TELANGANA

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work embodies in this dissertation entitled ‘Audio
Assistance for blind people in Recognizing cloth patterns and colors using
Modified SVM along with Fuzzy Logic’ being submitted by 1) M Vamsi
Krishna Roll No. – 15951A04M3, 2) P Srikanth Reddy Roll No. –
15951A04K0 3) C Vishwa Vallabh Roll No. – 15951A04P2 for partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the award of ‘Bachelor of Technology in
Electronics and Communication Engineering’ discipline to Institute of
Aeronautical Engineering, Dundigal, Hyderabad during the academic year 2018 -
2019 is a record of bonafide piece of work, undertaken by him under the
supervision of the undersigned.

Approved and Supervised by

Signature
Dr P Ashok Babu
Professor and Head,
Department of ECE

Forwarded by

Dr L V Narasimha Prasad Dr P Ashok Babu

Principal Professor and Head,
Department of ECE

EXTERNAL EXAMINER
 INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
DUNDIGAL – 500 043, HYDERABAD, TELANGANA

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

DECLARATION

We, 1) M Vamsi Krishna Roll No. – 15951A04M3, 2) P Srikanth Reddy Roll

No. – 15951A04K0 3) C Vishwa Vallabh Roll No. – 15951A04P2 students of
Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering,
session: 2018-2019, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Dundigal, Hyderabad,
hereby declare that the work presented in this Project Work entitled ‘Audio
Assistance for blind people in Recognizing cloth patterns and colors using
Modified SVM along with Fuzzy Logic’ is the outcome of our own bonafide
work and is correct to the best of our knowledge and this work has been
undertaken taking care of Engineering Ethics. It contains no material previously
published or written by another person nor material which has been accepted for
the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of
higher learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text.

M Vamsi Krishna, 15951A04M3

P Srikanth Reddy, 15951A04K0
C Vishwa Vallabh, 15951A04P2

Date:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In this present world of competition there exists a race in which those having the will succeed
and achieve further. A project gives us an exposure to a practical world with the help of
theoretical knowledge which we acquire. It gives us an immense pleasure for the opportunity
and support we have received from everyone during the completion of our project. Firstly, we
would like to thank the supreme power the Almighty God, without his grace this project would
not be a reality. Next to him, we would thank our parents for their encouragement and
cooperation. Finally, we would like to extend our Sincere thanks to Dr P Ashok Babu,
Professor, Department of ECE who has helped and guided us in our project with his vast
expertise in the field of Digital Image Processing. Lastly, we thank all the faculty members,
friends and everyone who has helped and encouraged us in order to accomplish our project.
 CONTENTS

List of Figures I
List of Abbreviations II
Abstract III
Chapter-1: Introduction to Pattern Recognition 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Applications 4
1.3 Human visual system approach 6
1.4 Natural Scene Statistics 10
Chapter 2 - Literature Review & Problem Identification 14
2.1 Literature Survey and Existing Methods 14
2.2 Problem Identification 16
Chapter 3 – Methodology and Implementation 17
3.1 Training and Testing Images 17
3.2 Block Diagram 18
3.3 Methodology 18
3.4 System Description 19
3.5 Steps Involved in Modified SVM Algorithm 20
3.6 Implementation 22
3.6.1 Implementation in MATLAB 22
Chapter 4 - Result Analysis and Discussion 27
4.1 Result Analysis 27
Chapter 5 - Conclusion and Future Scope 37
5.1 Conclusion 37
5.2 Future scope 37
References 38
 LIST OF FIGURES

Name of the Figure Page no.

Fig 1.1 Digital image quality assessment methods 1
Fig 1.2 Digital image quality METRICS 2
Fig 1.3 Structural similarity Index matrixes 9
Fig 1.4 Different scales of TMO 12
Fig 3.1 Training and testing images 17
Fig 3.2 Block Diagram 18
Fig 3.3 MATLAB Step 1 22
Fig 3.4 MATLAB Step 2 23
Fig 3.5 MATLAB Step 3 24
Fig 3.6 MATLAB Step 4 25
Fig 3.7 MATLAB Step 5 26
Fig 4.1 Execution of program 27
Fig 4.2 To find Pattern of Cloth 28
Fig 4.3 Image selection for which the pattern needs to be 28
found
Fig 4.4 Original Image 29
Fig 4.5 Enhanced Image 29
Fig 4.6 Radon Transform 30
Fig 4.6.1 Radon Transform 31
Fig 4.6.2: An image used as input for illustration of radon 32
transform
Fig 4.6.3: Result obtained with the implementation of 32
radon transform
Fig 4.7 Global and Local Features 33
Fig 4.8 Pattern of Cloth 34
Fig 4.9 Selecting the image for which the color is to be 35
identified
Fig 4.10 Selecting the image for which the color is to be 35
identified
Fig 4.11 Obtained Color percentages 36
 LIST OF TABLES

Table Page No.

Table 4.1 Pattern and color percentages of image under test 36
Table 4.2 Comparison between Existing and Proposed Method 36

II
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

BBHE bi-histogram equalization method

DSIHE dualistic sub-image histogram equalization
HE Histogram equalization
BHEPL bi-histogram equalization with plateau level
BHEPLD sub-image histogram for clipping
HSI Hue-saturation-intensity
RGB Red-green-blue
JPEG Joint Photographic Expert Group
CGM Computer Graphics Metafile
SVG Scalable Vector Graphics
CCNY The City College of New York
SVM Support Vector Machine
STA Statistical feature extraction
SIFT Scale Invariance feature transform
RQA Recurrence Quantification Analysis
HDR High-dynamic-range imaging
LDR Low dynamic range imaging
PCA Principal Component Analysis
TMO Tone mapped Operators
IQA Image quality assessment
SSIM Structural similarity index matrix
HVS Human Visual System
MSE Mean Square Error
PSNR Peak signal-to-noise ratio

III
 Audio Assistance for blind people in Recognizing cloth patterns and colors
using Modified SVM along with Fuzzy Logic

ABSTRACT

In this project, the system of automatically recognizing clothes pattern and colour are proposed.
The image is captured by a camera and is processed to identify the pattern of the cloth that is
chosen. Previously, this was done by using the support vector machine algorithm which is a
classifier and in most cases Distance Classifier was also used. These Classifiers could get the Basic
features like Colour, Texture and Shape. For this, the features of the image have to be obtained.
These features can be extracted using three descriptors. The Radon Signature descriptor is to extract
statistical properties, the wavelet sub-bands are used to extract global features of clothing patterns.
This gets combined with local features that are obtained from scale invariance feature transform to
recognize complex clothing patterns. In our proposed model of recognizing the pattern and colour
of cloth we are using a modified support vector machine for identifying the features that classifies
the images in order to their categories along with Fuzzy logic to improve the accuracy in
recognition. The system uses the CCNY Clothing Pattern dataset. Finally, we have audio assistance
which can be an effective method for all the visually impaired people through which they can
identify the pattern and respective colours without any help.

IV