Professional Documents
Culture Documents
21. The nurse explains to a client who has just received 25. A cyanotic client with an unknown diagnosis is
the diagnosis of Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes admitted to the emergency room. In relation to
Mellitus (NIDDM) that sulfonylureas, one group of oral oxygen, the first nursing action would be to
hypoglycemic agents, act by a. Wait until the client's lab work is done
a. Stimulating the pancreas to produce or release b. Not administer oxygen unless ordered by the
insulin physician
b. Making the insulin that is produced more available for c. Administer oxygen at 2 liters flow per minute
use d. Administer oxygen at 10 liters flow per minute and
c. Lowering the blood sugar by facilitating the uptake check the client's nail beds
and utilization of glucose Rationale: Administer oxygen at 2 liters per minute and
d. Altering both fat and protein metabolism no more, for if the client is emphysemic and receives
Rationale: Sulfonylurea drugs, Orinase for example, too high a level of oxygen, he will develop CO2 narcosis
lowers the blood sugar by stimulating the beta cells of and the respiratory system will cease to function
the pancreas to synthesize and release insulin.
26. A client with a diagnosis of gout will be taking
22. Myasthenic crisis and cholinergic crisis are the colchicine and allopurinol bid to prevent recurrence.
major complications of myasthenia gravis. Which of The most common early sign of colchicine toxicity that
the following is essential nursing knowledge when the nurse will assess for is
caring for a client in crisis? a. Blurred vision
a. Weakness and paralysis of the muscles for b. Anorexia
swallowing and breathing occur in either crisis c. Diarrhea
b. Cholinergic drugs should be administered to prevent d. Fever
further complications associated with the crisis Rationale: Diarrhea is by far the most common early sign
c. The clinical condition of the client usually improves of colchicine toxicity. When
after several days of treatment given in the acute phase of gout, the dose of colchicine
d. Loss of body function creates high levels of anxiety is usually 0.6 mg (PO) q hr
and fear (not to exceed 10 tablets) until pain is relieved or
Rationale: The client cannot handle his own secretions, gastrointestinal symptoms ensue.
and respiratory arrest may be imminent. Atropine may
be administered to prevent crisis. Anticholinergic drugs 27. The nurse would expect to find an improvement in
are administered to increase the levels of acetylcholine which of the blood values as a result of dialysis
at the myoneural junction. Cholinergic drugs mimic the treatment?
actions of the parasympathetic nervous system and a. High serum creatinine levels
would not be used. b. Low hemoglobin
c. Hypocalcemia Rationale: Dextrose with insulin helps move potassium
d. Hypokalemia into cells and is immediate management therapy for
Rationale: High creatinine levels will be decreased. hyperkalemia due to acute renal failure. An exchange
Anemia is a result of decreased production of resin may also be employed.
erythropoietin by the kidney and is not affected by This type of infusion is often administered before
hemodialysis. Hyperkalemia and high base bicarbonate cardiac surgery to stabilize irritable cells and prevent
levels are present in renal failure clients. arrhythmias; in this case KC1 is also added to the
infusion.
28. A 24-year-old client is admitted to the hospital
following an automobile accident. She was brought in 32. The nurse is triaging four clients injured in a train
unconscious with the following vital signs: BP 130/76, P derailment. Which client should receive priority
100, R 16, T 98F. The nurse observes bleeding from the treatment?
client's nose. Which of the following interventions will A. A 42-year-old with dyspnea and chest
assist in determining the presence of cerebrospinal asymmetry
fluid?
a. Obtain a culture of the specimen using sterile swabs B. A 17-year-old with a fractured arm
and send to the laboratory
C. A 4-year-old with facial lacerations
b. Allow the drainage to drip on a sterile gauze and
observe for a halo or ring around the blood D. A 30-year-old with blunt abdominal trauma
c. Suction the nose gently with a bulb syringe and send
specimen to the laboratory
33. Direct pressure to a deep laceration on the client’s
d. Insert sterile packing into the nares and remove in 24
lower leg has failed to stop the bleeding. The nurse’s
hours
next action should be to:
Rationale: The halo or "bull's eye" sign seen when
drainage from the nose or ear of a head-injured client is A. Place a tourniquet proximal to the laceration.
collected on a sterile gauze is indicative of CSF in the B. Elevate the leg above the level of the heart.
drainage. The collection of a culture specimen using any
type of swab or suction would be contraindicated C. Cover the laceration and apply an ice compress.
because brain tissue may be inadvertently removed at
D. Apply pressure to the femoral artery.
the same time or other tissue damage may result.
29. A nursing assessment for initial signs of
hypoglycemia will include 34. A pediatric client is admitted after ingesting a bottle
a. Pallor, blurred vision, weakness, behavioral changes of vitamins with iron. Emergency care would include
b. Frequent urination, flushed face, pleural friction rub treatment with:
c. Abdominal pain, diminished deep tendon reflexes, A. Acetylcysteine
double vision
d. Weakness, lassitude, irregular pulse, dilated pupils B. Deferoxamine
Rationale: Weakness, fainting, blurred vision, pallor and C. Calcium disodium acetate
perspiration are all common symptoms when there is
too much insulin or too little food - hypoglycemia. The D. British antilewisite
signs and symptoms in answers (b) and (c) are indicative
of hyperglycemia.
35. The emergency room staff is practicing for its annual
30. Of the following blood gas values, the one the disaster drill. According to disaster triage, which of the
nurse would expect to see in the client with acute renal following four clients would be cared for last?
failure is
a. pH 7.49, HCO3 24, PCO2 46 A. A client with a pneumothorax
b. pH 7.49, HCO3 14, PCO2 30 B. A client with 70% TBSA full thickness burns
c. pH 7.26, HCO3 24, PCO2 46
d. pH 7.26, HCO3 14, PCO2 30 C. A client with fractures of the tibia and fibula
Rationale: The client with acute renal failure would be
D. A client with smoke inhalation injuries
expected to have metabolic acidosis (low HCO3)
resulting in acid blood pH (acidemia) and respiratory
alkalosis (lowered PCO2) as a compensating mechanism. 36. An unresponsive client is admitted to the emergency
Normal values are pH 7.35 to 7.45; HCO3 23 to 27 mEg; room with a history of diabetes mellitus. The client’s
and PCO2 35 to 45 mmHg. skin is cold and clammy, and the blood pressure reading
is 82/56. The first step in emergency treatment of the
31. A client in acute renal failure receives an IV infusion client’s symptoms would be:
of 10% dextrose in water with 20 units of regular A. Checking the client’s blood sugar
insulin. The nurse understands that the rationale for
this therapy is to B. Administering intravenous dextrose
a. Correct the hyperglycemia that occurs with acute C. Intubation and ventilator support
renal failure
b. Facilitate the intracellular movement of potassium D. Administering regular insulin
c. Provide calories to prevent tissue catabolism and
azotemia
d. Force potassium into the cells to prevent arrhythmias
37. A client with a history of severe depression has been altered mental status, poor muscle coordination, and
brought to the emergency room with an overdose of hot, dry, ashen skin. Duration of exposure is unknown.
barbiturates. The nurse should pay careful attention to
the client’s: 43. You respond to a call for help from the ED waiting
A. Urinary output room. There is an elderly patient lying on the floor. List
the order for the actions that you must perform.
B. Respirations a. Check breathing and pulse
b. Establish unresponsiveness.
C. Temperature
c. Initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
D. Verbal responsiveness d. Call for help and activate the code team. e. Instruct a
nursing assistant to get the crash cart.
B, D, A, C