: Data Warehouses: Data warehousing is defined as a process of centralized data

management and retrieval. A data warehouse is a place where data is stored for archival,
analysis and security purposes. A data warehouse is a central repository for all or significant
parts of the data that an enterprise's various business systems collect. The term was coined by
W. H. Inmon. IBM sometimes uses the term "information warehouse."

Usually a data warehouse is either a single computer or many computers (servers) tied
together to create one giant computer system. Typically, a data warehouse is housed on an
enterprise mainframe server. Data from various online transaction processing (OLTP)
applications and other sources is selectively extracted and organized on the data warehouse
database for use by analytical applications and user queries. Data warehousing emphasizes
the capture of data from diverse sources for useful analysis and access. Applications of data
warehouses include data mining, Web Mining, and decision support systems (DSS).

Data marts are smaller and less integrated data housings. They might be just a
database on human resources records or sales data on just one division.

a) Characteristics of Data Warehousing: Data warehouse includes the following

characteristics-

i) Subject Oriented: Subject oriented means that data is linked together and is organized by
relationships.

ii) Time Variant: Time variant means that any data that is changed in the data warehouse can
be tracked. Usually all changes to data are stamped with a time-date and with a before and
after value, so that you can show the changes throughout a period of time.

iii) Non Volatile: Non volatile means that the data is never deleted or erased. This is a great
way to protect your most crucial data. Because this data is retained, you can continue to use it
in a later analysis.

iv) Integrated: The data is integrated, which means that a data warehouse uses data that is
organizational wide instead of from just one department.

b) Advantages: The data warehouse helps the employees or end users to access and use the
data for reports, analysis and decision making. Using the data in a warehouse one can locate
trends, focus on relationships and understand more about the environment on which the
business operates

Data warehouses also increase the consistency of the data and allow it to be checked over and
over to determine how relevant it is. Because most data warehouses are integrated, one can
pull data from many different areas of the business, for instance human resources, finance,
IT, accounting, etc.

c) Disadvantages: Data warehouse is time consuming to create and to keep operating. Many
time the current systems become incompatible with the data. So, the hardware and software
continuously need to be upgraded. Finally, security might be a huge concern, especially when
the data is accessible over an open network such as the internet. In such cases the data can be
viewed by the competitor or worse hacked and destroyed.
1.Which of the following process includes data cleaning, data integration, data selection,
data transformation, data mining, pattern evolution and knowledge presentation?
KDD process
ETL process
KTL process
MDX process
None of the above.
ANSWER : KDD process

Explanation : : KDD Process includes data cleaning, data integration, data selection,
data transformation, data mining, pattern evolution, and knowledge presentation.
2.A warehouse architect is trying to determine what data must be included in the
warehouse. A meeting has been arranged with a business analyst to understand the data
requirements, which of the following should be included in the agenda?
Number of users
Corporate objectives
Database design
Routine reporting
Budget.
ANSWER : Routine reporting

Explanation : :Routine reporting should be included in the agenda.

3.Data modeling technique used for data marts is
Dimensional modeling
ER ? model
Extended ER ? model
Physical model
Logical model.
ANSWER : 1 Dimensional modeling

Explanation : : Data modeling technique used for data marts is Dimensional modeling.
4.Which of the following employees data mining techniques to analyze the intent of a
user query, provided additional generalized or associated information relevant to the
query?
Iceberg query method
Data analyzer
 Intelligent query answering
DBA
Query parser.
ANSWER : 3 Intelligent query answering

Explanation : : Intelligent Query Answering employee?s data mining techniques to

analyze the intent of a user query provided additional generalized or associated
information relevant to the query.

5.Which of the following statements is true?

A fact table describes the transactions stored in a DWH
A fact table describes the granularity of data held in a DWH
The fact table of a data warehouse is the main store of descriptions of the transactions
stored in a DWH
The fact table of a data warehouse is the main store of all of the recorded transactions
over time
A fact table maintains the old records of the database.
ANSWER : The fact table of a data warehouse is the main store of all of the recorded
transactions over time

6.Data warehouse bus matrix is a combination of

Dimensions and data marts
Dimensions and facts
Facts and data marts
Dimensions and detailed facts
All (opt1), (opt2), (opt3) and (opt4) above.
ANSWER : 1 Dimensions and data marts

Explanation : :Data warehouse bus matrix is a combination of Dimensions and data

marts.
7.Which of the following is the collection of data objects that are similar to one another
within the same group?
Partitioning
Grid
Cluster
 Table
Data source.
ANSWER : Cluster

Explanation : : Cluster is the collection of data objects that are similar to one another
within the same group.
8.Which of the following is not related to dimension table attributes?
Verbose
Descriptive
Equally unavailable
Complete
Indexed.
ANSWER : Equally unavailable

Explanation : :Equally unavailable is not related to dimension table attributes.

9.At which level we can create dimensional models?
Business requirements level
Architecture models level
Detailed models level
Implementation level
Testing level.
ANSWER : Architecture models level

Explanation : : Dimensional models can be created at Architecture models level.

10.The Synonym for data mining is
Data warehouse
Knowledge discovery in database
ETL
Business intelligence
OLAP.
ANSWER : ETL

Explanation : : The synonym for data mining is Knowledge discovery in Database.

11.An OLAP tool provides for
Multidimensional analysis
 Roll-up and drill-down
Slicing and dicing
Rotation
Setting up only relations.
ANSWER : Slicing and dicing

Explanation : :An OLAP tool provides for Slicing and dicing.

12.The process of removing the deficiencies and loopholes in the data is called as #2. The
process of removing the deficiencies and loopholes in the data is called as
Aggregation of data
Extracting of data
Cleaning up of data.
Loading of data
Compression of data.
ANSWER : Cleaning up of data.

Explanation : :The process of removing the deficiencies and loopholes in the data is
called as cleaning up of data.
13.Which of the following is not the managing issue in the modeling process?
Content of primary units column
Document each candidate data source
Do regions report to zones
Walk through business scenarios
Ensure that the transaction edit flat is used for analysis.
ANSWER : Ensure that the transaction edit flat is used for analysis.

Explanation : : Ensure that the transaction edit flat is used for analysis is not the
managing issue in the modeling process.
14.Which one manages both current and historic transactions?
OLTP
OLAP
Spread sheet
XML
All (opt1), (opt2), (opt3) and (opt4) above.
ANSWER : OLAP