132/11KV substation HSL

The power for HSL is distributed by APEPDCL which is 132kv which they have
made into 2 line of 132KV each. One is kept for standby in case of emergency
or in case for maintenance purpose.
Transmission lines are connected in parallel connection with lightning
arresters to diverge surge arresters and current transformer are connected in
series with the line to measure current and to step down the ratio 120:1
60:1.Potential transformer are connected in parallel to measure voltage.
Followed by isolators which are used for isolation of supply from emergency or
standby line to the active line which is then connected to the main controller
of the switch yard which are for protection purpose the circuit breakers.
Circuit breakers which are used here are SF6 circuit breakers which uses
contacts surrounded by sulfur hexafluoride gas to quench the arc. They are
mostly used for transmission level voltages with rated voltage of 145KV and
current of 3150A
In addition to the main bus transfer bus is provided in the substation in any
case of maintenance work is to be carried out on the main bus.
Upon taking the required measures for protection it is connected to
transformer with on load tap changer HV/LV – 132/11 KV of rated voltage,
HV/LV – 43.74/524.86 by ONAN of current, with rated power 10MVA ONAN.
The main bus is again provided with switchgear equipment and CT
Since, the power (P=VI) in a transformer (input and output) is same, the
current rises to a very high level. Thus, a very high resistance is maintained at
the secondary terminal to limit the current (which appears as open circuit).
Short circuiting the secondary would burn out the windings so the secondary
of the PT must be open and same for CT as If the primary circuit has current
flowing the secondary circuit should never be opened. This can cause very high
voltages to occur due to the Ampere-Turns of the primary that start
magnetizing the core. While it is acting as a transformer it will cause very high
voltage peaks.
The main bus is connected to a bus coupler and 11KV is provided with
switchgear equipment. The gives way to feeders transmitting power to SS4, dry
dock.
A step down transformer of 11KV/440V is connected to control panel to
provide supply to the equipment of the substation.
The substation in HSL is provided with both online control which is by SCADA
and local by manual. Earthing and bonding is provided for substation the
connection which are transformer neutral or earthing impedance may be
connected in order to pass the maximum fault current. The earthing system
also ensure that no thermal or mechanical damage occurs on the equipment
within the substation.
As the substation as to feed to two more station operating at the same voltage
440V and the substation is large so it is important that break downs and
maintenance should interfere as little as possible with continuity of supply to
achieve this, duplicated bus bar system is used. Such a system is consists of
two bus bars, a main bus bar and a spare bus bar with the help of bus coupler,
which consists of the circuit breaker (air type CB 1000A 415V) and isolators.
In some case of isolators is used to breaking charging current or transmission
lines. While opening CB, CB is opened first then isolators while closing a circuit
the isolators is closed first then the CB
A transfer isolator is used to transfer main supply from main bus to transfer
bus by using bus coupler.
The substation is provided with relays like differential relay, earth fault relay,
overcurrent relay as the substation which is installed is advanced so it reacts to
very small changes in the transmission and distribution.
The transformer and feeders are protected with master trip relay commonly as
contact multiplication relay coil operates on 220V DC to reset master trip relay
it is to be done only by manually to close CB.
Transformer also have trafo fault relay for buch trip, WTI, OTI
If in case the whole substation is shutdown the power is supplied by
generators to the required feeder closing the remaining one and relays are
operated by DC supply
Batterers connected each of 2.2V 40AH for standby to run DC lights and relays
capacity at float mode 33.45V