CHILD RIGHTS

Who is a child?
According to juvenile justice Act, any person below the age of 18 is considered to be a child. A
person attains majority only after the age of 18- right to vote-rights to drink (consume alcohol) - use
of tobacco??- who and under what condition???(NPS Act-1,10,20)
Why child need protection-they are more vulnerable-less experience-no capacity to make choices-
more exploited
What rights available to them-all basic fundamental rights

Several Acts for protection of the rights of children

1. Prohibition of child marriage Act- what is the age for marriage-21 and 18
What if marry before- unlawful and punishable-2 years and 1 lakh- male adult marry child-
same as above-
Why does this happen- mainly in rural areas- now also- superstitious believes- tradition-
illiteracy-
This act set up commission –awareness of child marriage
2. Child labour prohibition Act- the labour of a child below the age of 15 years-15 -18 not child
labour-Article 24- no child below 15 in hazardous employment or factories-the person who
employ them-the agreement made by parent or guardian-factories act, mines act, plantation
act- all prohibits child employment-3 months to 1 year and 10k fine-below 15 years can work
under safe conditions and as prescribed in the Act- mines Act prohibits below 18-if they work
only for 3 hours
3. Right to education-article 21A has been incorporated in the indian constitution- compulsory
education to children aged 6-14 years-free education-25% reservation.
4. Child trafficking –what is it-the Inidan Penal Code lays down laws-The IPC punishes
cheating, fraud, kidnapping, wrongful confinement, criminal intimidation, procuring minors,
buying and selling of minors for immoral purposes-this includes prevention of begging Act-
hindu adoption Act-immoral trafficking Act- guardianship Act-IPC 359-373 – kidnapping -
7 years-kidnap for begging- upto 10 years-what is begging-kidnap and threaten to kill-death
sentence or imprisonment for life-taking a girl child away from guardian- 10 years-buying a
person-7 years-selling minor for prostitution- 10 years
5. Protection of children from sexual offences Act(POCSO): this is the Act to prevent the
children from sexual exploitation- punishments extend upto 10 years-who must interview her-
in whose presence-
6. Juvenile justice Act- a child below the age of 18- now reduced 16 after the rape case - a crime
committed by a juvenile is taken to juvenile justice board-constitution of juvenile board-to
look into the rehabilitation of children-juvenile homes for their protection-most cases- they
send back with their parents-NGOs to monitor them-if serious offences-detained in juvenile
homes- after 18 send home
7. Corporal punishments- it refers to the punishments in schools and homes-it varies from state
to state- reasonable force in good faith-what happens America-if extreme cases it is crime-
delhi, goa ,Andhra tamil nadu banned-not kerala-the high court gave verdict in a case
8. Section 82,83,section 75 of jj Act-right to education Act
9. Child Begging-kidnapping a child for begging is punishable under section 363A of Indian
Penal Code-what is begging??-different states have different rules against begging-
What can be done to prevent this-the easiest way is to contact child care-1098- inform the
police-contact NGOs for children-educate the children about their rights-spread awareness
among people