Materials Report for Sotik-Roret Road (D226); Sulal bridge section (Km 1+820-2+240)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION................................................................................................2
1.1 The Report ..........................................................................................................2
1.2 Project Location...................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS INVESTIGATIONS.........................................................2
2.1 General. ...............................................................................................................2
2.2 Alignment Soils....................................................................................................2
2.2.1 Results of Alignment Soils Investigations................................................................3
2.2.2 Subgrade Strength Classes ........................................................................................3
2.3: GRAVEL SOURCES..........................................................................................3
2.3.1 General.......................................................................................................................3
2.3.2 Investigations Carried out..........................................................................................3
2.3.3 Location of Material/Borrow Pits..............................................................................4
d) Gravel Borrow Pit – (MITI MOJA) MS4...........................................................4
e) Gravel Borrow Pit – (DUKA MOJA) MS5........................................................5
2.4 PAVEMENT MATERIAL REQUIREMENT & RESULTS ....................................5
OF TESTS............................................................................................................5
2.4.1 Natural Material for Sub base ...................................................................................5
2.4.2 Natural Material for Base.........................................................................5
2.4.3 Cement Sub base Before Improvement.....................................................................6
2.4.4 Cement Improved Base before Improvement............................................................6
2.4.5 Quantities of Materials/Gravel Borrow Pits...............................................................6
2.5 AGGREGATE AND WATER SOURCES ...........................................................7
2.5.1 Hard Stone Sources.....................................................................................................7
2.5.2 Sand............................................................................................................................7
2.5.3 Water ..........................................................................................................................8
CHAPTER 3: PAVEMENT DESIGN.........................................................................................8
3.1 GENERAL...................................................................................................8
3.2 PAVEMENT DESIGN ..................................................................................8
3.2.1 Traffic Loading..................................................................................................8
3.2.2 Shoulders..................................................................................................................8
............................................................................................................................................8
3.2.4 Surfacing for Sulal bridge section............................................................................9
APPENDICES...........................................................................................................................10
Appendix A: Summary of Alignment Soils Tests Results........................................11
Appendix B: Material Sites Location Plans .............................................................12
Appendix C: Summary of Borrow Pits Tests............................................................13
Appendix D: Pavement Structure Drawing...............................................................................14
Appendix E: Quarry dust and Sand Tests Results....................................................................15

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Materials Report for Sotik-Roret Road (D226); Sulal bridge section (Km 1+820-2+240)

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Report

According to the terms of reference, the Consultant is required to undertake soil

investigations and tests and identify type and sources of construction materials
necessary for the design and construction phases of the project. The Consultant’s
task is to include pavement design.

The Material investigations undertaken on this project involved alignment soil

investigations, borrow pit for fills, investigations of construction materials for base, sub
base, surfacing, aggregates for concrete works, availability of sand and water for
construction works.

Generally it was ascertained that construction materials are available in reasonable

quantity and quality within reasonable haulage distances.

1.2 Project Location

The Sulal bridge is located at Km 2+025 on Sotik-Roret road (D226) The Sulal bridge
approaches are approximately 400m in length.

CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS INVESTIGATIONS

2.1 General.

The materials investigation for the Sulal bridge project was carried out to enable the
consultant to carry out a detailed design according to the terms of reference. This
included in-situ sub grade, gravel and hard stone sources. Tests for sampled
materials were done in accordance with the Ministry of Roads & Public works Road
Design Manual Part 3. The test and subsequent results are discussed hereafter

2.2 Alignment Soils

The alignment soil sampling was carried out based on materials collected along the
existing road.

Representative samples from the pits were subjected to the following tests:-

• Atterberg Limits (Plasticity)

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Materials Report for Sotik-Roret Road (D226); Sulal bridge section (Km 1+820-2+240)

• Wet & Dry Sieving to 0.075 mm

• AASHTO T 99 Compaction and Optimum Moisture Content.
• CBR and swell after 4 days soak.

Tests results on alignment soils are tabulated on Appendix A of this report.

2.2.1 Results of Alignment Soils Investigations

The alignment soil at the project location was found to be non-expansive with a swell
of 0.31% after 4 days soak.

2.2.2 Subgrade Strength Classes

The CBR observed at the project location (km 2+000) was 12. Consequently S3 has
been chosen as the design subgrade from km 1+820-2+240.

2.3: GRAVEL SOURCES

2.3.1 General

The gravel sources identified along the road were 5. Their locations are shown on
location plan in appendix B.

2.3.2 Investigations Carried out

Material sites were dug to depths up to 2 m to establish the availability of enough

materials. Visual inspection and description of each type of soil found as well as
recording the thickness of each strata.

Representative samples from each trial pit were then subjected to the following tests
to find out if the materials are suitable for construction of base or sub base in their
natural form or need improvement with lime or cement.
• Atterberg Limits (Plasticity)
• Wet & Dry Sieving to 0.075 mm
• Mod AASHTO T 180 Compaction and Optimum Moisture Content.
• 3 Point dynamic CBR and swell after 4 days soak on specimens molded at
about ,95 % MDD AASHTO T180

The following tests were carried out on lime and cement treated materials
• Atterberg Limits obtained from CBR samples
• Mod AASHTO T 180 Compaction and Optimum Moisture Content.

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Materials Report for Sotik-Roret Road (D226); Sulal bridge section (Km 1+820-2+240)

• 3 Point dynamic CBR and swell after 7 days soak and 7 days cure @
95%MDD

Summary of Gravel tests are shown in appendix C.

2.3.3 Location of Material/Borrow Pits

The following material sites were investigated.

a) Gravel Borrow Pit – (KAPCHEPKORO) MS1

This is an extension of an old borrow pit. It contains hard loose gravel at the top and
some areas decomposed yellow rock. As one goes deeper the rock is hard and
compact. It is about 600m from B3/D2266 Junction on Kericho/Kisumu Road. The
borrow pit meets the requirements of cement and lime improved material for sub
base. Initial test results indicate improvement with cement of 2% makes it suitable for
sub-base material.

b) Gravel Borrow Pit – (KIPSAMO) MS2

This borrow pit is composed of lateric gravels. It is at about 1700m from B3/D226
junction on the project road The results indicate that the gravel contain higher content
of fines than the requirements. The borrow pit has poor quality material and therefore
not recommended for use.

c) Gravel Borrow Pit – (KIPSAMO) MS3

This borrow pit is adjacent to MS2. This borrow pit is composed of lateric gravels. The
results indicate that the gravel contain high level of fines than the requirements. The
borrow pit has poor quality material and therefore not recommended for use.

d) Gravel Borrow Pit – (MITI MOJA) MS4

This source contains brown clay gravel and decomposed yellowish rocks. It is at
about 600m from B3/D226 junction on the project road. The material marginally
meets specifications for sub base materials. Investigations are currently going on to
find suitable blending material to either reduce the P.I or improve the grading. If this
fails then it might be necessary to improve it with little stabilizer for base. More tests
are currently going on this.

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Materials Report for Sotik-Roret Road (D226); Sulal bridge section (Km 1+820-2+240)

e) Gravel Borrow Pit – (DUKA MOJA) MS5

This borrow pit contains brown clay gravel. It is at about 1100m from B3/D226
junction on the project road. The material marginally meets specifications for sub
base materials. Investigations are currently going on to find suitable blending material
to either reduce the P.I or improve the grading. If this fails then it might be necessary
to improve it with little stabilizer for base. More tests are currently going on this.

2.4 PAVEMENT MATERIAL REQUIREMENT & RESULTS

OF TESTS
Laboratory results on natural materials are contained in Appendix C of this report.
The results were analyzed in accordance to the requirements stipulated in charts SB1
and B1 of the road design part 3 of 1987 these requirements are summarized in items
2.4.1 to 2.4.4

2.4.1 Natural Material for Sub base

Requirements Spec. REMARKS

CBR @ 95% MDD Mod.AASHTO T180 & 4 Days Soak Min. 30% ONLY MS4 & MS5
Uniformity Coefficient Min 5 >5 but by
inspection-o.k
Plasticity Index Max. 15 ONLY MS1–O.K
Marginal
Plasticity Modulus Max.250
Chart SB1 (RD part 3-1987)

2.4.2 Natural Material for Base

Requirements Spec. REMARKS

CBR @ 95% MDD Mod.AASHTO T180 & 4 Days Soak Min. 80%
Plasticity Index Max. 15 ONLY MS1–O.K
Marginal
Plasticity Modulus Max.250
Chart B1 (RD part 3-1987)

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Materials Report for Sotik-Roret Road (D226); Sulal bridge section (Km 1+820-2+240)

2.4.3 Cement Sub base Before Improvement

Requirements Spec. REMARKS

Max. Size 10- 15 mm MS1,MS2,MS3 O.K
Pass 0.075 mm Max 40% MS1,MS4,MS5 O.K
Plasticity Index Max. 30% All MS’s O.K
CBR @ 95% MDD Mod.AASHTO T180 & 4 Days Soak Min 20 MS1,MS4,MS5 O.K
Chart SB2 (RD part 3-1987)
2.4.4 Cement Improved Base before Improvement

Requirements Spec. REMARKS

CBR @ 95% MDD Mod.AASHTO T180 & 4 Days Soak Min. 20% MS1,MS4,MS5 O.K
Plasticity Index Max 25% All MS’s O.K
Max. Size 10-50 mm All MS’s O.K
Passing 0.075mm sieve 5-35% MS1,MS4,MS5 O.K
Uniformity Coefficient Min 5
Plasticity Modulus Max.2000 All MS’s O.K
Organic Matter Max 1%
Chart B2 (RD part 3-1987)

2.4.5 Quantities of Materials/Gravel Borrow Pits

No. Material Site Location Estimated Owner Remarks

Designation
Quantities(M2)
1 MS1 Kapchepkoro 6000 Kapchepkoro Possible
Pry School extension
2 MS2 Kipsamo - Joseph Not
Kosgei recommended
3 MS3 Kipsamo - Richard Not
Sitenei recommended
4 MS4 Miti Moja area 4050 Jonathan Possible
Chumo Extension
5 MS5 Duka moja area 4200 William Possible
Chumo Extension

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Materials Report for Sotik-Roret Road (D226); Sulal bridge section (Km 1+820-2+240)

2.5 AGGREGATE AND WATER SOURCES

2.5.1 Hard Stone Sources

Hard stone sources have been identified from commercial source by the name
A.Jiwa Shamji Quarry near Kaplong shopping centre. The quarry was
inspected and its availability ascertained. The test results for the quarry is
summarized below

Item Test Description Standard Result Specification Requirements

No. Concrete Asphalt SD
1 Aggregate Crushing Value BS 812:1990 23% Max. 35 % 25%- 16%-26%
30%
2 Aggregate Impact Value BS 812:1990 11% Max. 45% - -
3 Ten % Fines Value BS 812:1990 180 KN Min. 50 - -
KN
4 Loss Angeles Abrasion AASHTO T 96 19% Max. 50% 30%- 20%-35%
Value 40%
5 Specific Gravity BS 812:1990 2.59
6 P.I on L.A.A Fines BS 1377:1990 Non Non Plastic NP NP
Plastic
7 Water Absorption BS 812:1990 1.9 % Max. 2.5 % Max. 25 Max.2.5
% %
8 Bitumen Affinity - 80/100 AASHTO T Good - Good Good
Bit. 184:93
9 Silt and Clay Content BS 812:1990 0 1% Max - -
10 Organic Matter AASHTO T21 Nil
11 Sodium Sulphate Soundness AASHTO T 2.4 10% Max. 12% Max.
104

2.5.2 Sand

There are no good sources of sand within the vicinity of the project areas. The sand
is usually hauled from Nyando, Migori and Kisumu. Samples were taken from the
aforementioned sources but all samples were found to contain a higher silt content
which was found to be more than the specified maximum of 3%.
As an alternative, quarry dust from A.Jiwa Shamji quarry was taken for analysis which
was also found to contain a higher silt content. The test results are summarized in
appendix E.

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Materials Report for Sotik-Roret Road (D226); Sulal bridge section (Km 1+820-2+240)

2.5.3 Water

The water flowing on river Sulal is palatable and it is not seasonal and can therefore
provide enough water for construction works.

CHAPTER 3: PAVEMENT DESIGN

3.1 GENERAL
The objective of the pavement design was to obtain an optimal structure that
would ensure that the designed road, when operating, will be able to carry the
expected traffic loading over the design life of the road. This objective would be
achieved by specifying locally available materials for construction and
observing standards that will ensure minimum maintenance.

Pavement design is based on the recommendations stipulated in Road Design

Manual Part III of the Ministry of Roads and Public Works.

3.2 PAVEMENT DESIGN

3.2.1 Traffic Loading
The pavement design for this section is governed by the Traffic Class T5,
design subgrade of Class S3 and the nature of material found in
material/Gravel Sites. According to the Road Design Manual Part 3, the
pavement structure for this section will comprise of the following pavement
structure type 3:

• 300mm thick subgrade (Class S3)

• 150 mm thick cement (2%) improved gravel sub-base
• 125mm thick cement (4%) improved gravel base
• Double surface dressing wearing course.

3.2.2 Shoulders
The shoulders shall be constructed to the same standards as the sub-base
and base i.e. extended pavement layers. Double surface dressing shall be
applied on the shoulders.

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Materials Report for Sotik-Roret Road (D226); Sulal bridge section (Km 1+820-2+240)

3.2.4 Surfacing for Sulal bridge section

The road surfacing for this section of road shall consist of double surface
dressing using chippings class 3. The combination of the double seal chippings
shall be 14/20+6/10 respectively spread at (75-90)m2/m3 and (100-130)m2 /m3.
The bituminuous binder shall be 80/100 cut back with Kerosene or Diesel. The
binder spray rate for the 14/20 chippings layer shall be (1.1-1.3)litres/m2
whereas that for 6/10 chippings shall be (0.9-1.1)litres/m2.

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Materials Report for Sotik-Roret Road (D226); Sulal bridge section (Km 1+820-2+240)

APPENDICES

Appendix A: Summary of Alignment Soils Tests Results

Appendix B: Material Sites Location Plans

Appendix C: Summary of Borrow Pits Tests

Appendix D: Pavement Structure Drawing

Appendix E: Quarry dust and Sand Tests Results

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Materials Report for Sotik-Roret Road (D226); Sulal bridge section (Km 1+820-2+240)

Appendix A: Summary of Alignment Soils Tests Results

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Materials Report for Sotik-Roret Road (D226); Sulal bridge section (Km 1+820-2+240)

Appendix B: Material Sites Location Plans

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Materials Report for Sotik-Roret Road (D226); Sulal bridge section (Km 1+820-2+240)

Appendix C: Summary of Borrow Pits Tests

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Materials Report for Sotik-Roret Road (D226); Sulal bridge section (Km 1+820-2+240)

Appendix D: Pavement Structure Drawing

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Materials Report for Sotik-Roret Road (D226); Sulal bridge section (Km 1+820-2+240)

Appendix E: Quarry dust and Sand Tests Results

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