Question 1

The star-connected stator of a three-phase, 50 Hz alternator supplies a balanced delta-connected load.

Each phase of the load consists of a coil of resistance 15Ω and an inductance of 36mH, and the phase
voltage generated by the alternator is 231 V. Calculate (1) the phase and line currents, (b) the load power
factor, and (c) the power delivered to the load.

Solution:

𝑍Δ = [15 + 𝑗(2𝜋 × 50 × 36 × 10−3 )]Ω

𝑍Δ = (15 + 𝑗11.31) Ω

𝑍Δ = 18.79∠37.010
𝑉𝐿−𝑁 = 231 𝑉

𝑉𝐿−𝐿 = √3𝑉𝐿−𝑁 = √3(231) = 400∠00 𝑉

𝑉𝜙 400∠00
𝐼Δϕ = = = 21.29∠ − 37.010 𝐴
𝑍Δ 18.79∠37.010

𝐼𝐿 = √3(21.29∠ − 37.010 ) 𝐴
𝐼𝐿 = 36.88∠ − 37.010 𝐴

Δ𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = cos(37.010 ) = 0.8

𝑃3𝜙 = √3𝑉𝐿−𝐿 𝐼L∗ = √3(400∠00 )(36.88∠37.010 ) = 25,551∠37.010

= 20.403 + 𝑗15,381

Question 2

A three-phase 400 V, 50 Hz, balanced supply feeds a balanced load consisting of (a) three single-phase
loads of (40 + 𝑗30)Ω connected in star, and (b) a three-phase heating load (purely resistive) of 1.8kW.

Determine the supply current, supply power factor, active and reactive power supplied and the value of
the capacitance that must be connected in delta to improve the overall power factor to 0.95 lag. Obtain
the result using (i) one phase of the three-phase system, and (ii) the equivalent single phase circuit.

Solution:
Question 3

A balanced three-phase system has a distribution wire with impedance (2 + 𝑗6)Ω per phase. The system
supplies two three-phase loads that are connected in parallel. The first is a balanced wye-connected load
that absorbs 400 kVA at a power factor of 0.8 lagging. The second load is a balanced delta-connected load
with impedance of (10 + 𝑗8)Ω per phase. If the magnitude of the line voltage at the loads is 2400 V,
calculate the magnitude of the line voltage at the source and the total complex power supplied to the two
loads.

Solution:

Example 13.1: The line-to-ground voltages on the higher voltage side of a step-up transformer are 100 kV,
33 kV, and 38 kV on phases a, b and c respectively. The voltage of phase a leads that of phase b by 100
degrees and lags that of phase c by 176.5 degrees. Determine analytically the symmetrical components
of voltage.

Solution:

𝑉𝑎 = 100∠00 𝑘𝑉

𝑉𝑏 = 33∠ − 1000

𝑉𝑐 = 38∠176.50
𝑉𝑎0 1 1 1 1 𝑉𝑎
[𝑉𝑎1 ] = [1 𝛼 𝛼 2 ] [𝑉𝑏 ]
3
𝑉𝑎2 1 𝛼2 𝛼 𝑉𝑐
1
𝑉𝑎0 = (𝑉𝑎 + 𝑉𝑏 + 𝑉𝑐 )
3
1
𝑉𝑎1 = (𝑉𝑎 + 𝛼𝑉𝑏 + 𝛼 2 𝑉𝑐 )
3
1
𝑉𝑎2 = (𝑉𝑎 + 𝛼 2 𝑉𝑏 + 𝛼𝑉𝑐 )
3
1
𝑉𝑎0 = (100 + 0 − 5.7304 − 𝑗32.4987 − 37.9869 + 𝑗2.3198)
3
1
= (56.2827 − 𝑗30.1789)
3
= 18.7609 − 𝑗10.0596
1
𝑉𝑎1 = [100∠00 + (1∠1200 )(33∠ − 1000 ) + (1∠ − 1200 )(38∠176.50 )]
3
1
= (100∠00 + 33∠200 + 38∠56.50 )
3
1
= (100 + 31.0099 + 𝑗11.2867 + 20.9736 + 𝑗31.6877)
3
 1
= (151.9835 + 𝑗42.9744) = 50.6611 + 𝑗14.324
3
1
𝑉𝑎2 = [100∠00 + (1∠240)(33∠ − 1000 ) + (1∠ − 2400 )(38∠176.50 )]
3
1
= (100∠00 + 33∠1400 + 38∠ − 63.50 )
3
1 1
= (100 − 25.2795 + 𝑗21.2119 + 16.9555 − 𝑗34.0075) = (91.676 − 𝑗12.7956)
3 3
= 30.5587 − 𝑗4.2652