Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ISSN: 2040-7467
© Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2012
Submitted: December 20, 2011 Accepted: January 21, 2012 Published: June 01, 2012
Abstract: In this study, orthogonal and structured grid generation around a cylinder is described by using
potential functions. In this method, the orthogonality of and n functions are used for grid generation. First,
coordinates of points are given by using the algebraic method on cylinder boundaries and then, according to
known potential functions in terms of x and y values in the external flow around a cylinder, coordinates of other
network's points are calculated through solving a system of two nonlinear equations with two unknowns.
Iteration methods are used for solving this system of equations. The generated grid besides orthogonal property
has small distances on the surface of cylinder and gradually as it goes farther away from the cylinder, the
distance between nodes rises. This kind of grid can be useful in solving the flow field around a cylinder.
Corresponding Author: Hassan Davari, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Roudan Branch, Iran
1531
Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., 4(11): 1531-1535, 2012
Start
End
Insert N1, N2, R
No
No
i N1 i N2
Yes
i = ( i+1)
2 2
yi = 0
Xi+1 = Xi +r i-1
xi = r cos i
yi = r sin i
print xi , yi print xi , yi
i=i+1 i=i+1
Fig. 2: One forth of the physical domain
Fig. 3: Grid algorithm generated on j: 1
should be generated in a way that in areas close to the
cylinder is there will be less space between nodes and R or grid ration for every j = 1, i = N1+N2!1 is
gradually as it goes farther away from the cylinder, the known. Therefore, the only unknown in this equation is R.
distance between nodes rises. This equation is a kind of first-degree non-linear equation
that can be solved by iteration method of Newton-
Grid generation method: First assume grid for the j = 1, Raphson, and R value can be calculated.
i.e. ABC line. In this area, the shape will be divided into With given values of x and y it is possible to use and
two parts: n values through relations of complex potential functions
for the flow around the cylinder:
AB arc: We divide this arc into N1 parts. Therefore, it
gives: 1 y
A r sin A y 2 (6)
r x y2
2 (1)
N1 1 1 x
A r cos A x 2 (7)
r x y2
i (i 1) (2)
2 2 Parameter A is a fixed number. It is assumed as1.
Therefore, it will be possible to calculate values of x and
xi r cosi (3) y on the j = 1 line. You can observe grid algorithm
generated on j = 1 line in the Fig. 3.
In the next step, we consider the AE line. Space
yi r sini (4)
between nodes 1 and 2 on the AB arc equals with * that
is a known value. First node on AE line will be assumed
BC line: As it can be observed, the y value on this line is with the same space and then space between nodes will be
equal with zero and space between nodes should be in a increases gradually with R ratio. We want to generate N3
way that as it goes farther away from the cylinder, the nodes on this line. R ratio in this case can be calculated by
distance between nodes rises. Therefore, we should following relation:
calculate the grid ratio in this stage. Node spaces on the
AB arc will be presented with * and the first node on the
1 R N 31
BC line will be considered with the same amount. Then AE (8)
1 R
gradually we increase the space between nodes according
to the ratio of R in order to get the C point. We will show
number of nodes on this line with N2. It is obvious that x coordinates of the points located
on AE line segment equals with zero. Therefore, x and y
values can be calculated on this line too. So x(i, j) and
1 R N 2 1
BC (5) y(i, j) for every (i = 1 , j = N3-1) is known.
1 R
1532
Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., 4(11): 1531-1535, 2012
Now we assume the j = 2 line. Because x and y is we use Taylor Expansion method to calculate h0 and k0
known for (I = 1, j = 2) point, then it will be possible to parameters in Eq. (3) and (4). In the performed expansion,
calculate R and n based on given relation. In Fig. 4 you the expressions above second order are ignored:
can see the fixed line:
Now we move on the fixed R line or j = 2. It is obvious ƒ(", $) = ƒ(x0 + h0, y0 + k0) (19)
that: f ( x 0 , y 0 ) f ( x0 , y0 )
f ( x 0 , y 0 ) h0 k0 y
R(2, 2) = R(1, 2) (9) x
Now we move on the fixed R line R or move Since (", $) is an approximation for answers of the
perpendicular to the direction: problem, then we will have:
n(3, 2) = n(3, 1) (11) By substitution of ƒ and g values in Eq. (6) and (7), we
will have:
R(3, 2) = R(1, 2) (12)
y2 x2 2x y x
Therefore, on j=constant lines we will have: h0 1 20 20 2 k0 2 0 20 2 x0 2 0 2 (22)
( x0 y0 ) ( x0 y0 ) x0 y0
2 7
y h0 2 (26)
g ( x, y) y 2 0 (16) 3 2
x y2
1533
Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., 4(11): 1531-1535, 2012
2 5
k0 2 (27)
3 2
Therefore,
x1 = x0 + h0 (28)
Fig. 5: The generated grid for the one-fourth of the shape
y0 = y0 + k0 (29) related to the N1: 50; N2: 50; N3: 50 case
y2 x2 2x y x
hn 1 2n 2n 2 k0 2 n 2n 2 xn 2 n 2 (30)
( xn yn ) ( xn yn ) xn yn
Fig. 6: The generated grid for the one-half of the shape related
to the N1:50; N2:50; N3:50 case
2x y xn2 yn2 yn
hn 2 n n2 2 kn 1
( xn2 yn2 ) 2 yn x 2 y 2 (31)
n
( x yn ) n n
xn+1 = xn + hn (32)
1534
Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., 4(11): 1531-1535, 2012
1535