Knitting Technology

1. Introduction to Knitting

1.1 Introduction to textile fabric

1.2 Introduction to knitting

1.3 History of knitting

1.4 Glimpses of knitting

1.6 Advantages of knitting

1.7 Reasons for the growth of knitting

1.8 Indian knitting industry

1.9 Comparison between weaving and knitting

2 Classification of Knitting

2.1 Classification of knitting

2.2 Classification of weft knitting machines

2.3 Classification of warp knitting machines

2.4 Comparison between weft knitting and warp knitting

3 Weft knitting elements and loop formation

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Types of needles

3.3 Latch needle

3.4 Bearded needle

3.5 Compound or bi-partite needle

3.6 Manufacturing and specifications of latch needle

3.7 Sinker

3.8 Knitting cam system

3.9 Knitting action of the latch needle

3.10 Knitting action of the bearded needle

4 General terms in weft knitting

4.1 Machine pitch and gauge

4.2 Loop

4.3 Face loop and back (reverse) loop

4.4 Single-faced structures and double-faced structures

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4.5 Single jersey and double jersey fabrics

4.6 Courses, wales and stitch density

4.7 Loop length and course length

4.8 Different situations in loop formation

4.9 Stitch notation

4.10 Held loop

4.11 Tucking and tuck loop

4.12 Floating and float Loop (or missing and miss loop)

4.13 Drop or press-off stitch

4.14 Timing of knitting in circular double jersey machine

5 Basic weft-knitted structures

5.1 Introduction to basic weft-knitted structures

5.2 Single jersey and double jersey knitting

5.3 Features of plain (single jersey) knitting (machine, process and structure)

5.4 Features of rib knitting (machine, process and structure)

5.5 Features of interlock knitting (machine, process and structure)

5.6 Features of purl knitting (machine, process and structure)

5.7 Comparison between rib and interlock knitting

5.8 Comparison between rib and purl Knitting

5.9 Comparison of basic weft-knitted structures

5.10 Instability of plain loop

5.11 Some popular extended basic double jersey structures

6 Circular weft knitting machine and mechanism

6.1 Knitting machine

6.2 Frame

6.3 Drive

6.4 Creel

6.5 Tensioner

6.6 Guides

6.7 Feed plate

6.8 Methods of yarn feeding

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6.9 Principles of yarn feeding

6.10 Number of feeders and feeder density

6.11 Stop motions

6.12 Take-down mechanism

6.13 Fabric spreader or stretcher board

6.14 Open width cloth winding

6.15 Sinkerless knitting machine

6.16 Speed factor

7 Flatbed knitting

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Types of flatbed machines

7.3 Range of machine gauge and width

7.4 Simple V-bed rib machines

7.5 Knitting cam system

7.6 Double cam systems

7.7 Yarn tensioner and storage feeder

7.8 Fabric take-down

7.9 Loop transfer

7.10 Racked structures

7.11 Knitting of circular fabrics

7.12 Mechanically controlled jacquard knitting

7.13 C.M.S. machines

8 Weft-knitting science

8.1 Objectives of studying knitting science

8.2 Fields of study

8.3 Importance of knitted loop length and loop shape

8.4 Loop length

8.5 Robbing back

8.6 Parameters of a knitted fabric

8.7 Constants of a knitted fabric

8.8 Some useful relations

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8.9 Relation between properties and geometry of a loop

8.10 Geometry of weft knitted loop

8.11 Tightness factor of knitted fabrics

8.12 Relaxation of knitted fabrics

8.13 Prediction of finished weight and shrinkage of cotton knits – The Starfish Project

10 Warp knitting machines and knitting elements

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Types of warp knitting machines

10.3 Comparison between Tricot and Raschel type warp knitting machines

10.4 Knitting elements

10.5 Warp beams

11 Principles of loop formation in warp knitting

11.1 Needle bar movement

11.2 Guide bar movements

11.3 Lapping diagram

11.4 Tricot machine knitting cycle with bearded needle

11.5 Raschel machine knitting cycle with latch needle

11.6 Fabric take-down

11.7 Warp let-off

11.8 Patterning mechanisms

11.9 Displacement of various knitting elements during loop formation

12 Warp-knitted stitches and structures

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Types of stitches and structures

12.3 Laying-in

12.4 Co-We-Nit

12.5 Full width weft insertion

12.6 Milanese fabrics and machines

12.7 Multi-axial knitting

12.8 A few popular warp knit structures

12.9 Warp knitted nets

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12.10 Common products of warp knitting machines

13 Double needle bar warp knitting machine

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Double needle bar Tricot machine

13.3 Double needle bar Raschel machine

13.4 Pile fabrics on double needle bar machine

13.5 Tubular and branched fabrics on double needle bar machine

14 Warp knitting science

14.1 Structural parameters of warp knitted fabrics

14.2 Run-in per rack

14.3 Yarn to fabric ratio

14.4 Tightness factor of warp knitted fabrics

14.5 Loop length and loop model of warp knitted cell

14.6 Standardization of chain link and machine gauge

14.7 Yarn count and machine gauge

14.8 Grey specification of warp knitted fabric

14.9 Fabric specifications

20 Knitting related calculations

20.1 Basics of calculations

20.2 Examples of knitting related calculations

21 Analysis and testing of knitted fabrics

21.1 Purpose of analysis

21.2 Tools, equipment and materials for analysis

21.3 Determination of technical face side and back side

21.4 Parameters to be obtained during analysis of knitted fabrics

21.5 Testing of knitted fabrics

21.6 Traditional testing of knitted fabrics

21.7 Low stress mechanical properties of fabrics

22 Concept of green business in knitting and knitwear industries

22.1 Concept and importance of green business

22.2 Environmental management

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22.3 Green business in knitting and knitwear industries

22.4 Suggestions for maintaining green environment