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Objective Horticulture for all Competitive Examinations

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 OBJECTIVE
HORTICULTURE
for all Competitive Examinations
(UPSC, ASRB, ICAR NET, SET, SAUs, IARI,
HO, SRF, JRF, IBPS & Agricultural
Coordinator)
 OBJECTIVE
HORTICULTURE
for all Competitive Examinations
(UPSC, ASRB, ICAR NET, SET, SAUs, IARI,
HO, SRF, JRF, IBPS & Agricultural
Coordinator)

Editors
BHARAT KUMAR
Dept. of Horticulture (Fruit Science)
Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P.)

DINESH KUMAR ARYA

Dept. of Horticulture
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology,
Kanpur (U.P.)

VIKAS KUMAR
Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry
Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala- 680656

VIVEKKUMAR S. MEHTA
Dept. of Horticulture (Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops)
Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat)

AGRI-BIOVET PRESS
NEW DELHI-110 002
 Objective Horticulture
for all Competitive Examinations

© Publisher

First Edition 2017

ISBN : 978-93-84502-46-1

All rights reserved. No Part of this publication may be reproduced,

stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by means,
electronic, mechanical, photo copying, recording or otherwise, without
the prior permission of the publisher.

Published by :
AGRI-BIOVET PRESS
2/40, Ist Floor, Ansari Road, Daryaganj,
New Delhi - 110 002
Ph.: 011-65398961
Fax : 011-43549133
e-mail : agribiovetpress@yahoo.com
www.agribiovetpress.com

Printed at : Avantika Printers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

 Dedicated to
Our beloved
Parents, Teachers
&
Horticulture Graduates
 FOREWORD

India has favorable climates and soils for growing a variety of

horticultural crops such as fruits, vegetables, flower and
ornamentals, tuber crops, spices, medicinal and aromatic plants.
India has faced the challenge of providing food security to millions
of people. The cultivation of horticultural crops is not an easy
proposition due to factors as climate change, shrinking land and
water resources, high input and labour costs, uncertainties in
market prices, highly perishable nature of horticultural products
and also due to climatic, edaphic and biotic adversities and
fluctuations. In recent years, horticulture has emerged as an
important and viable diversification option in agriculture for
effective land use, nutritional security and employment
opportunities; transforming the agrarian scenario.
This compilation is a dedicated effort to present the different
aspects of the “Objective Horticulture for all competitive
examinations” in a concise and relevant manner. In order to create
interest among readers, this book has been prepared in simple
and lucid style. I am sure this book will help the readers (students,
teachers, research fellows and other agricultural disciple) for
realising academic goals. At the same time the book serves as an
effective guide to all those users aiming to further their career in
horticulture. This book would also serve as a ready reckoner for
preparing for the competitive examinations such as ASRB, NET,
SET, SAUs, SRF, IARI, HO, PO, JRF, IBPS, and Agricultural
Coordinator sector. Every possible effort has been made to
accommodate previous year’s questions from competitive
examinations.
 viii

The book contains 24 chapters and the questions are prepared

in the form of multiple choices and match the following of
competitive examinations on memory basis. I compliment and
congratulate the authors for making concerted efforts in compiling
huge information and bring out this useful document.

A. K. CHAKRAVARTHY
 FOREWORD

India is bestowed with a diversity of agro-climatic conditions

which offers vast potential for producing a wide range of
horticultural crops. Indian horticulture achieved a growth rate of
7% during 2004-05 to 2014-15. While the area increased by 2.7%,
the productivity increased by 37% that has resulted in huge increase
in daily per capita availability of both fruits and vegetables.
Horticulture crops plays a vital role Indian’s GDP (30% share of
Agriculture) with export growth of fresh fruits and vegetables in
term of value is 14% and of processed fruits and vegetables is
16.27%. Reduction in postharvest losses of the horticultural crops
is less expensive than bringing equivalent increase in production.
Growing consumers’ demand for new and nutrient rich fruits and
vegetables are spurring the need for increased information on
production technologies of various horticultural crops.
This book “Objective Horticulture for all Competitive
Examinations” covers the whole horticulture syllabus including
fruits, vegetables, flower and ornamental plants, tuber crops,
spices, medicinal and aromatic plants. In order to create interest
among readers, this book has been prepared in simple and lucid
manner. I personally believe that students, teachers and readers
working in the area of fruit science, vegetable science, floriculture,
plantation crops, ornamental plants, tuber crops, spices, medicinal
and aromatic plants and postharvest technology will find this book
as a source of highly useful and authentic information. This book
would also serve as a ready reckoner for taking preparations for
the various competitive examinations such as ASRB, NET, SET,
SAUs, SRF, IARI, HO, PO, JRF, IBPS and Agricultural Coordinator
sector.
 x

I congratulate the editors, Bharat Kumar, Dinesh Kumar Arya,

Vikas Kumar and Vivekkumar S. Mehta for preparing this
comprehensive and informative compilation of latest information
on Horticulture.

(J. K. Hore)
 FOREWORD

Horticulture crops plays a vital role Indian’s GDP (30% share

of Agriculture) with export growth of fresh fruits and vegetables
in term of value is 14% and of processed fruits and vegetables is
16.27%. India is bestowed varied agro-climatic conditions, which
favour successful cultivation of all types of Horticultural crops.
Successful cultivation of horticultural crops requires specific
knowledge due to various factors affecting production such as
climate change, shrinking land and water resources, high input
and labour cost, uncertainties in market prices, highly perishable
nature, biotic and abiotic adversities, etc.
The compilation on different aspects of the “Objective
Horticulture for all competitive examinations” is very informative.
I believe that this book will be useful for the research fellow,
students, teachers for references as well as easy answering of many
complicated questions. Every possible effort has been made to
accomodate previous year’s questions from various competitive
examinations on memory basis. In order to create interest among
reader’s, this book has been prepared in simple and lucid manner.
This book would also serve as a ready reckoner for preparing for
the various competitive examinations such as ASRB, NET, SET,
SAUs, SRF, IARI, HO, PO, JRF, IBPS, and Agricultural
Coordinator sector.
The book contains 24 chapters of whole horticulture for various
examinations and other competitive examinations. The first
chapter presents the role of horticulture in Indian economy and
the basic concepts and the rest 23 chapters have been prepared to
accommodate wide array of multiple choice and match type
questions on all the aspects of Horticulture.
 xii

Big thanks go to the editors, Bharat Kumar, Dinesh Kumar

Arya, Vikas Kumar and Vivekkumar S. Mehta for compiling the
huge information and bring out this useful document as a book.
PREFACE

India is bestowed with a diversity of agro-climatic conditions,

offering vast potential for producing a wide range of horticulture,
which includes fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants,
tuber crops, spices, medicinal and aromatic plants. Agricultural
and allied disciple are improving economic condition of farmers
and entrepreneurs as also contributing significantly to the nation
economy. It is, therforte, important that horticultural crop
production is given more emphasis so that it could sustain the
desired growth rate in agriculture sector and food nutritional
security, employment generation to the emerging youth force.
Indian horticulture achieved a growth rate of 7% during 2004-05
to 2014-15. While the area increased by 2.7%, the productivity
increased by 37% that has resulted in daily per capita availability
of about 200 g of fruits and 400 g of vegetables. With an annual
production of over 283.5 million tonnes, and a share of output in
agriculture GDP to the tune of 33% at present, with favourable
government policies, India has emerged as major producer of
horticultural crops surpassing food grain production and is placed
second after China in both fruit and vegetable production.
Despite the impressive achievements, still low productivity is
a challenge and matter of concern. The major challenges issues
are many, namely nutritional security, phenomena of climate change
and aberrant weather conditions, lack of infrastructure in
commodity value-chain, retail chains and organized market
systems, farmer producer companies and export promotion. Value
addition, reduction in post harvest loss, making available, the
quality seeds/planting materials of improved varieties/hybrids/
clones at affordable price in required quantity is another challenge.
The book is aimed for contains 24 chapters of whole horticulture
for various examinations (ASRB, NET, SET, SAUs, SRF, IARI,
HO, JRF, IBPS, & Agricultural Coordinator) and other agricultural
background competitive examinations. The first chapter brings the
overall view about role of horticulture in Indian economy and the
 xiv

basic concepts to brings together the diverse information related

to the horticultural crops. The compilation is an endeavour to
present, present day relevant questions in user-friendly/systematic
in more reliable way. The questions presented in this book are
mostly memory based which were asked in various examination.
These set of questions will give the candidates an idea about the
question pattern of the above mentioned exams and will help them
to be focused.
The main objective of this book is to help the readers to quickly
grasp the facts comprehensively and systematically from various
branches of horticulture like Pomology, Olericulture, Floriculture,
Plantation crops, Spices and Condiments, Medicinal and aromatic
plants and Post harvest technology. However, we should consider
our labour well rewarded only if this book serves the needs of all
concerned.
It is facing that there is hardly any book available in the market
on horticulture which completely satisfy the requirement of the
students particularly for those who are preparing for competitive
examinations. Keeping in view, the prevailing situation, it was
deeply felt to publish such a book which could serve the basic and
innovative knowledge of various fields of horticulture. This book
has been prepared in most simple, originality and appropriate
manner which covers all courses of competitive made with the
students, teachers and scientists. We hope that the book would be
interesting and useful to agricultural and allied disciple especially
to horticulture graduates. The cooperation and encouragement
extended by our family members during the completion of this book
is high appreciable. The book utilized their time which I could
have spent with them.
Readers are welcome to point out for any lapses in content,
format and approach of the contents and also for any other errors,
either scientific or linguistic and will look forward to receiving
reader’s corrections or suggestions for improvement the quality of
book. Since this is a first edition, It may contain some error that
crept in advertently in spite of all editorial care. At the end we
thanks to Agri-Biovet Press, New Delhi for accomplishing the job
of publication efficiently.
Editors
CONTENTS
Page
No.
Dedication v
Foreword vii
Preface xiii
1. Fundamentals of Horticulture 1
2. Question Paper Set 01 123
3. Question Paper Set 02 135
4. Question Paper Set 03 147
5. Question Paper Set 04 159
6. Question Paper Set 05 172
7. Question Paper Set 06 183
8. Question Paper Set 07 195
9. Question Paper Set 08 206
10. Question Paper Set 09 218
11. Question Paper Set 10 230
12. Question Paper Set 11 242
13. Question Paper Set 12 254
Horticulture Officer Gujarat-2014
14. Question Paper Set 13 267
General Agriculture IARI Ph.D. Exam
 xvi

15. Question Paper Set 14 281

Question Paper NET Fruit Science 2015
16. Question Paper Set 15 294
17. Question Paper Set 16 306
ADH Gujarat 2016
18. Question Paper Set 17 329
IARI Ph.D. 2013 (Pomology)
19. Question Paper Set 18 343
IARI Ph.D. 2011 (Pomology)
20. Question Paper Set 19 355
IARI Ph.D. (Floriculture 2013)
21. Question Paper Set 20 369
IARI Ph.D. (Floriculture 2011)
22. Question Paper Set 21 382
IARI Ph.D. Vegetable Science (2013)
23. Question Paper Set 22 395
IARI Ph.D. Veg (2011)
24. Question Paper Set 23 408
IARI Ph.D. (2011, 2013)

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