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L. The
16th Karma Rangjung Rigpe Dorje. R. Photo
of Karmapa during the Black Crown
Ceremony.
MODERN PROOF: THE DEATH OF
RANGJUNG DORJE, THE
SIXTEENTH KARMAPA
As first-world people, we like straight-forward
definitions and categories — but Tibetan
Tantric Buddhism, which integrated aspects
of the earlier, shamanic Bon tradition,
embraces no such view. Every instance of a
death with signs of rainbow body attainment
is unique, and no one can accurately predict
what will happen after a great master’s
breath and heartbeat stop. Generally, the
individual, who entered meditation before
death, continues to maintain the meditation
posture — they do not topple, slump, or
display rigor mortis. The body, particularly
the area around the heart, stays warm. This
was recorded by medical science in the case
of the Sixteenth Karmapa, Rangjung Dorje,
who died in a Chicago hospital in 1981.
Head of the Kagyu Lineage of Tibetan
Buddhism, the Karmapa shared the same
status and importance as the Dalai Lama,
head of the Gelugpa Lineage. He travelled to
the West in 1974 with the wish to transfer
the teaching of the dharma to places it would
flourish — earlier, he had prophesied that
Tibet would not gain independence from the
Chinese, and that the Tibetan refugees of the
Cultural and People’s Revolutions would not
be allowed to return.
The following account is from Karmapa’s
attending physician, Dr. David Levy. He said
that after noting indications of heart failure
on the monitors, the medical team tried to
revive Karmapa, but gave up after about 45
minutes. “We began to pull out the tubing,
but I suddenly saw his blood pressure was
140 over 80. A nurse screamed, ‘he has a
good pulse!’” Levy said.
The team members were incredulous. An
older Tibetan lama in attendance patted Levy
on the back, as if to say, “it’s impossible, but
it happens.” Levy said, “it was clearly the
greatest miracle I had ever seen.”
Levy reported that 48 hours after the time of
death, Karmapa’s chest was still warm. “My
hands were both warm, but his chest was
warmer,” he said. “If I moved my hands
towards the side of his chest, the body was
cold, but the area around the heart stayed
warm.” He also reported that there was no
odor or decay, which typically set in quickly
after death. “He stayed in deep meditation
for three days, then it ended — he became
cold and the process of death set in. The
atmosphere changed as well,” Levy said.
These unusual post-death occurrences are
accepted as normal in the case of those who
reach high levels of attainment — because of
this, Tibetans observe a clear precept to
never move or touch a body for at least three
days after the moment of death, particularly
in case of realized beings and meditation
masters.
The Karmapa also displayed signs of rainbow
body years before his death. In the 1970s,
Karmapa traveled throughout the U.S. giving
the public Black Crown Ceremony
empowerment. This teaching is only given by
those of the Karmapa lineage, and has been
passed to the present via an unbroken
lineage from the early 1400s.
During the key moment in the
empowerment, while Karmapa was holding
the black crown over his head, an attendee
snapped a picture. When the film was
developed, the image of the Karmapa was
transparent — the brocade of his seat can be
clearly seen through the ghost-like image of
his body. Those in attendance saw nothing
out of the ordinary at the time. This image
has been widely circulated since, and is
considered a vivid demonstration of rainbow
body.
Gold Padmasambhava statue stands in
Kathmandu, Nepal
WHERE DID IT COME FROM?
PADMASAMBHAVA AND THE
RAINBOW BODY TRADITION
Before he died, the Buddha Shakyamuni
prophesied he would “return as one even
greater than myself.” Later, known as “the
second buddha,” Padmasambhava appeared
in Central Asia during the 8th century A.D.
As the story goes, during year of the Earth
Monkey in the kingdom of Oddiyana (Swat
Valley, Pakistan), an eight-year-old child
appeared in a red lotus blossom in
Lake Dhanakosa. The child showed
the major and minor marks of a buddha, and
immediately displayed miraculous activity.
The king of Oddiyana, Indrabodhi, was
childless. He heard about the extraordinary
child and took him into his palace to raise
him as a prince, naming him
“Padmasambhava,” or “Lotus Born.”
Eventually Padmasambhava married and
ruled as a prince, but soon realized that
mundane political life and spiritual cultivation
did not mix — since his appearance, his
inborn purpose had been to liberate all
sentient beings from suffering.
Whether it was intentional or not,
Padmasambhava caused the death of the
son of a villainous minister — but unknown to
his father and the court, Padmasambhava
liberated the boy from the cycle of karma at
the moment of death. Nevertheless,
Padmasambhava was banished from
Oddiyana.
Beyond duality, Padmasambhava perceived
the banishment as a precious opportunity to
practice meditation; he performed his
practices in cemeteries as a constant
reminder of the utterly temporary nature of
existence — that everything born would die,
even the world itself. Padmasambhava
quickly gained miraculous powers. Afterward,
traveling in India, Padmasambhava took
teachings from every master and scholar he
met. His realization deepened until he
understood the nature of all things from a
grain of sand to the sun, moon, and universe.
Meanwhile in the Kingdom of Zahor (Eastern
India) a beautiful princess, Mandarava, was
born. While still very young, Mandarava
renounced her royal status and birthright to
practice meditation and the dharma, the
teachings of the Buddha
Shakyamuni, despite intense pressure to
enter a political marriage.
While there are conflicting accounts of how
they met, Mandarava joined
Padmasambhava in his travels, and achieved
realization with him in the
the Maratika Caves. But her father, the king
of Zahor, sentenced the two to death by fire.
A pyre was built and Mandarava and
Padmasambhava were placed on the fire, but
the flames transformed into a lake, and in
the center, in a blooming lotus, sat the
uninjured Mandarava and Padmasambhava.
The king, stunned by the miracle, blessed
them.
Padmasambhava went on to perform
countless miracles, including leaving hand
and footprints in stone. In his travels he
encountered worldly demons, but rather than
killing them, he transformed them into
protectors of the dharma and its
practitioners. He travelled to Tibet, bringing
the Buddha’s teachings and banishing the
indigenous religion based on sacrificial
offerings. He spent 50 years there teaching
the dharma to his 25 disciples and travelling
throughout the Himalayas, but he learned
that cannibalistic fiends
called rakshasas were preparing to invade
India.
He announced to his students he would soon
be departing to tame the rakshasas. They
pleaded with him to stay, but he would not
be persuaded. He gave them each final
teachings, then departed — in his biography,
multiple witnesses describe miracles,
including; seeing Padmasambhava mounting
a beam of sunlight and soaring into the sky,
leaving in a swirling cloud of light, riding a
lion into the sky, and becoming smaller and
smaller until he disappeared. He did not age
or die — he simply left. But of all the
teachings he left behind, Dzogchen is
considered the most profound and complete.
Ultimately, all 25 of his disciples attained
rainbow body, as did many of their students;
but the questions remain: what is rainbow
body, and how is it achieved?
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BRILLIANT MOON
The Method: Dzogchen Meditation
The word “dzogchen” is derived from the
Tibetan “Dzogpachenpo.” “Dzogpa” means
“complete,” and “chenpo” means “great.”
While these teachings are nuanced and
complex, in essence, after receiving
“pointing out” instructions from a qualified
teacher, the practitioner works through
stages of meditation to realize the “self-
perfected state of our primordial nature.”
Dzogchen has been called “the cream and
heart juice of all teachings.”
The first stage, Trekcho, is the persistent
cutting through the psychic karmic debris
that obscures the primordial awareness
within all of us; resistance, resentment,
arrogance, pride, vanity, discursive thoughts
of judgement and disapproval, delusion,
jealousy, and hatred. The second stage,
Togal, is a direct dissolution of all karma.
The Treckho stage is required to reach the
Togal state. Togal is considered
instantaneous, immediate realization with an
intense, “point-blank” quality. “It requires
enormous discipline, and is generally
practiced in a retreat environment. It cannot
be stressed too often that the path of
Dzogchen can only be followed under the
direct guidance of a qualified master,” said
Sogyal Rinpoche, author of the “Tibetan
Book of Living and Dying.”
There are mixed accounts of the origins of
the dzogchen method; the shamanic Bon
tradition that predated Buddhism in Tibet
says the teaching came with the Bon
founder, Tonpa Sherap, 18,000 years ago.
Other masters have said that dzogchen
teachings were received from off-world
beings further back in time than is
conceivable. As far as Tibetan Buddhism is
concerned, the practice came to Tibet via
Padmasambhava and has been passed down
in an unbroken lineage since then.
In a review of “Rainbow Body and
Resurrection” by Michael Sheehy, the author
writes: “In Dzogchen cosmology, the cosmos
is envisioned as being utterly open and
translucent. Movement ensues when the
element of air stirs up wind that oscillates
rapidly into fire; from fire emerges water, and
from water the solidity of rock and earth are
stabilized. With this gravitational collapse
into the elemental forces that comprise the
cosmos, a spiraling reconfigures matter into
worlds wherein embodied beings form.”
Think of high vibratory states slowing down
until they become dense matter.
While descriptions seem academic and
conceptual, there is a simplicity at the heart
of Dzogchen (although this explanation
is overly simplistic — apologies to Dzogchen
students and masters everywhere). From
that view, all that we perceive, including our
own bodies, is formed by the “Legos,” or
building blocks of reality — earth, water, fire,
air, and space.
The elements dance together to create an
infinite variety of appearances, but beneath
the physical lies the true nature of the
elements as light/energy. Those who achieve
realization via Dzogchen are able to perceive
the essence of everything, including
themselves, as pure light in perpetual
motion. The rainbow reference comes from
the colors of the elemental lights; white
(space), red (fire), blue (water), green (wind
or air), and yellow (earth). As Sheehy says,
“Under certain circumstances, the cosmic
evolutionary process of matter’s gravitational
collapse into solidity can turn itself back into
a swirling radiating configuration. Tibetan
traditions suggest that meditative
technologies can reverse this process of
collapse,” or journey from high-vibratory
energy to dense matter. In other words,
successful dzogchen practitioners can
reverse the manifestation process, refining
dense matter to pure light/energy. Notably,
some form of the elements can be found at
the foundation of every tantric, esoteric,
alchemical, or shamanic tradition.
TYPES OF RAINBOW BODY
In commemoration of the death of his
teacher in 2013, Dzogchen Khenpo Choga
Rinpoche wroteto his students, “My precious
teacher, Lama Karma Rinpoche, has passed. I
received the extraordinary news from my
friends in Tibet that the sacred body of my
kind teacher has dramatically shrunk in size.
Lama Karma was about 5’9” tall, but two
weeks after he passed, his seated body has
now shrunk to about 8”, which means his
body, including his skeleton, shrank nearly
80 percent.”
Choga Rinpoche went on to explain that his
teacher had attained the “Small Rainbow
Body,” referring to the shrinking of Lama
Karma’s body after death — but “small” is
not “lesser.” Choga Rinpoche wrote,
“According to Dzogchen tantra, this kind of
miraculous display is a sign that he has
attained the supreme accomplishment of the
buddha in this very life.
“If his body continues to shrink and totally
disappears, this miracle will be categorized
as Light Body, or Atomless Body. This light
body can happen gradually or
instantaneously, with or without an
eyewitness.”
Further on, Choga Rinpoche described the
“Medium Rainbow Body,” saying, “The
Dzogchen master’s body dissolves as
rainbow light of many different shapes,
colors, and different sizes of rainbow
spheres, rainbow rays, and rainbow ribbons
until the physical body has totally dissolved
into rainbow light, leaving nothing besides
hair and nails.” Rinpoche cites the examples
of Master Nyaklha Rangrik Dorje (“His body is
still preserved and is the size of a hand”) and
Tasha Lamo, a woman practitioner whose
body shrank to about four inches in 1982.
Rinpoche made it clear, though, that all
these miracles are signs of “the same
supreme accomplishment. Their attainments
are exactly equal. These practitioners have
attained Buddha in this very life,” he wrote.
While these manifestations are fascinating,
we must remind ourselves that genuine
practitioners do not attempt attainment for
the sake of public spectacle or self-
aggrandizement — their common motivation
is a profound commitment to the freedom
and happiness of all beings. Any merit gained
by the dissolution of karma is dedicated to
the benefit of the “other” rather than the
self.
This view is fundamental to Buddhism, and is
the beginning and end point of rigorous
disciplines undertaken for the benefit of all
beings. “Miraculous” activities, such as
passing through walls, leaving foot and
handprints in stone, reviving the dead, and
appearing in multiple locations at the same
moment, are considered mere “by-products”
of accomplishment; they are not the point,
only signs along the way. To become
infatuated with these powers is to risk pride
and arrogance. True Dzogchen practitioners
hide their accomplishments to avoid
attention and distractions. Chasing these
abilities, or siddhis, without compassion and
dedication to the freedom of all beings,
borders on sorcery — the pursuit of
supernatural powers for the benefit of self.
Khenpo Acho
THE RAINBOW BODY OF KHENPO
ACHO RINPOCHE
Born in 1918, Khenpo Acho was from Eastern
Tibet. From 1956 onward, he entered retreat
and stayed there for most of the rest of his
life. He was known throughout the region as
a great yogi and meditation master, and his
death was the subject of an article by the
Institute of Noetic Sciences in 2002.
“On August 29, 1998, Khenpo Achö, eighty
years of age, attained physical dissolution.
One day at noon, lying in bed, without having
suffered any recent illness, he attained
buddhahood, his heart of clear light reality
perfected beyond the intellect. As his body
dissolved into light, his wrinkles vanishing,
he seemed like an eight-years old child with
a beautiful complexion.
“After a week had passed, when people
came to know of his death, they performed
his death puja secretly [rainbow body
practices are forbidden by the Communist
Chinese] in order to deceive the authorities,
and at that time, rainbows appeared inside
and outside, and a pleasant aroma pervaded
the place. His body gradually diminished in
size, and at the end, he attained buddha; not
even his nails and hair were left behind. It
was just like a bird flying from a rock—
people nearby have no idea where it might
have gone,” said a witness.
L. Tashi Lamo R. Tashi Lamo’s body after
death
TASHA LAMO’S RAINBOW BODY
While little is said of female masters in the
Tibetan Vajrayana tradition, women are
certainly capable of achieving the realization
that results in rainbow body. Tasha Lamo was
the mother of Lokgar Rinpoche of Nyingma
Katok Monastery. She became a nun in her
later years, and was known as a great
practitioner. After she died in India, her body
shrank to about 12 inches.
Photograph of Lama Achuk
LAMA ACHUK RINPOCHE’S RAINBOW
BODY PHOTO
Achuk Rinpoche was a revered meditation
master — a “maha siddhi,” or one of great
accomplishment. Born in 1918, he was noted
for miraculous activity such as leaving hand
and footprints in rock. When he died in 2011,
his body shrank from 1.8 meters to one inch
tall. Even years prior to his death, Rinpoche
displayed signs of rainbow body — the image
of light appearing on a pink lotus was the
result of a student’s simple photo of his
master. None of the phenomena seen in the
photo were apparent when the picture was
taken.
THE RAINBOW BODY OF OGYEN
TENDZIN
Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche, a meditation
master from eastern Tibet, was one of the
first Tibetan lamas to openly teach Dzogchen
in the West. He tells the story of his uncle,
Ogyen Tendzin, who achieved Rainbow Body
at death.
Namkai Norbu Rinpoche describes watching
his uncle in meditation as a child. “I would
try to get him to play with me because I was
bored,” he said. When he was older,
Rinpoche said he spent several weeks
studying with his uncle. “I received my first
Dzogchen teachings from my uncle when I
was seven years old.”
Later, after the Cultural Revolution, Ogyen
Tenzin ended up living in a small house with
a student bringing him food each week. He
was practicing Dzogchen alone. Namkhai
Norbu writes that one day, “The student and
a Chinese official knocked on Uncle’s door
and it didn’t open. They thought maybe my
uncle fled. Knocking down the door, they saw
his robe on the bed, but as was apparently
not there, they looked inside the robe and
found a small body. They knew my uncle was
no longer alive, but had become a small
body. They shut the door and went away.”
After a few days the Chinese official returned
and found that the body was gone — only
hair and nails remained. “The Rainbow Body
still exists even today — it is not only
something from ancient times,” Rinpoche
said.
Rainbow Body
Rainbow Body is a Tibetan Buddhist term that
refers to a phenomenon wherein the bodies of
spiritually perfected people dissolve at death into a
stream of rainbow colored light. In most cases the
body shrinks to thermos jug size, however in rare
cases the body completely vanishes. It is said that
over one hundred sixty thousand people have left
the world in rainbow body. With China’s relaxation
of religious persecution in Tibet it seems that
incidents of rainbow body are on the increase.
The phenomenon is found most commonly in the
Nyingma tradition, one of fiveTibetan Buddhist
sects. Most of the practitioners follow a lifelong
regimented practice known as Dzogchen.
Dzogchen frequently involves extended periods in
hermitic conditions, some in total darkness.Two of
the Tibetan sects, Bön and Nyingma claim
ownership of the practice although all five sects use
it.
The objective of Dzogchen is to return the
practitioner to his or her primordial state; the true
nature. A person’s true nature is that fleeting,
microsecond of time in between thoughts. It is like
having déjà vu and amnesia at the same time. It is
where salt and sugar taste the same. In the
primordial state all duality ceases. Good and bad,
male and female, salt and sugar, and so forth all
blend into one — they just are. The practitioner
stabilizes this non-dual view under a full range of