Pedro

Data Activity 1

Question 1
A.
1961, 1961, 1969, 1973, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1981, 1989, 1989, 1990, 1997, 1998, 2009, 2010, 2010, 2013, 2013, 2014,
2014, 2014, 2014, 2016, 2016, 2018.
B.
Count: 25 | Sum: 49902 | Mean: 1996.1 | Standard Deviation: 19.2
C.
Z-score for the earliest date Z-score for the latest date
Z = (1961 - 1996.1) / 19.2 Z = (2018 - 1996.1) / 19.2
Z = -1.82 Z = 1.14

Approx. 68% of the data lies between ± 1 SD, or between 1976.9 and 2015.3.
Approx. 95% of the data lies between ± 2 SD, or between 1957.7 and 2034.5.
Approx. 99.7% of the data lies between ± 3 SD, or between 1938.5 and 2053.7.

Considering the empirical rule above, approximately 95% of the data will fall within 2 standard deviations from the
mean.

D.
Minimum: 1961
Quartile Q1: 1978.5
Median: 1998
Quartile Q3: 2014
Maximum: 2018

IQR (2014-1978.5): 35.5

There is no outliers’ data.

Question 2

A.
Year Frequency Class Width (x - y)/n)
1961 - 1973 4 3
1974 - 1985 4 2.7
1986 - 1997 4 2.7
1998 - 2009 2 5.5
2010 - 2021 11 1
B.

My data set appears to be skewed to the left (see below). Regarding the empirical rule it doesn’t seem to fit because it
is not a normal distribution. The Chebyshev’s Theorem….

C.
Year Mid Value Frequency Xi * Fi
1961 - 1973 1967 4 7,868
1974 - 1985 1979.5 4 7,918
1986 - 1997 1991.5 4 7,966
1998 - 2009 2003.5 2 4,007
2010 - 2021 2015.5 11 22,170.5
TOTAL - 25 49,929.5

Mean: 49,929.5/25 = 1997.1

Standard Deviation: ΣF . M2 = 4 x 19672 + 4 x 1979.52 + 4 x 1991.52 + 2 x 2003.52 + 11 x 2015.52 = 99726993.25
σ2 = (99726993.25 - 25 x 1997.182)/ 24
σ2 = 366.4349
σ = 19.1

D.

The mean and standard deviation calculated from the grouped frequency distribution are very close to the mean and
standard deviation using individual data values.