STEAM AND GAS POWER SYSTEMS

Binary Vapour Cycle and Co-generation

Prof. RAVI KUMAR

MECHANICAL & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
 Contents
• Supercritical Rankine cycle
• Binary vapour cycle
• Cogeneration

Prof. RAVI KUMAR Department of Mechanical &

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Industrial Engineering
 Working Fluid
• Diphenyl Ether (C6H5O)2O
• Aluminium Bromide Al6Br3
• Mercury Hg

Prof. RAVI KUMAR

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Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering
Mercury NBP 356.73 oC 
P, bar ts, oC hf, kJ/kg hg, kJ/kg hfg, kJ/kg
0.07 236.5 32.40 326.07 293.67
12.7 537.5 71.98 360.74 288.76
Water
P, bar ts, oC hf, kJ/kg hg, kJ/kg hfg, kJ/kg
0.07 39.0 163.35 2571.7 2408.3
12.7 190.5 809.82 2785.7 1975.9

Prof. RAVI KUMAR

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Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering
In a binary vapour cycle the mercury vapour entering the turbine
is dry and saturated at 12.7 bar pressure. The condenser pressure
of mercury cycle is 0.07 bar. The steam cycle operates between
pressures of 30 bar and 0.07 bar and the steam is superheated to
350 oC. Find the efficiency of combined cycle.
P, bar ts, oC hf, kJ/kg hg, kJ/kg sf, kJ/kg-K sg, kJ/kg-K
0.07 236.5 32.40 326.07 0.08548 0.66291
12.7 537.5 71.98 360.74 0.14580 0.50185

Prof. RAVI KUMAR

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Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering
 P, bar ts, oC hf, kJ/kg hg, kJ/kg sf, kJ/kg-K sg, kJ/kg-K
0.07 236.5 32.40 326.07 0.08548 0.66291
12.7 537.5 71.98 360.74 0.14580 0.50185

kPa C vf vfg vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg

7 39 0.001008 20.52299 20.524 163.34 2264.66 2428 163.35 2408.35 2571.7 0.55903 7.71547 8.2745
3000 233.85 0.001217 0.065447 0.06666 1004.7 1598.5 2603.2 1008.3 1794.9 2803.2 2.6455 3.5401 6.1856
3.0 MPa
C v u h s
233.85 0.06666 2603.2 2803.2 6.1856
250 0.07063 2644.7 2856.5 6.2893
300 0.08118 2750.8 2994.3 6.5412
350 0.09056 2844.4 3116.1 6.7449
400 0.09938 2933.5 3231.7 6.9234
450 0.10789 3021.2 3344.8 7.0856

Prof. RAVI KUMAR

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Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering
 Advantages of Binary-Vapour Cycle
• Moderate vapour pressure at high temperature. At 540 oC the
pressure is less than 14 bar.
• Very stable.
• Liquid mercury has high density. The liquid and vapour
separation is easy.
• Feeding back to boiler by hydrostatic head is easy.
• The specific heat of mercury is 0.13 kJ/kg-K. Liquid line is steep
making cycle close to Carnot cycle.
• Specific enthalpy of mercury is low, thus, resulting low jet
velocity in mercury turbine.
• Thermal efficiency is higher than Rankine steam cycle.
Prof. RAVI KUMAR
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Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering
 Disadvantages of Mercury
• Toxic in nature.
• High Cost and limited supply.
• Tendency to leak through joints, cracks etc.
• Latent heat is very low, thus require, large amount of mercury
for same heat utilization.
• Does not wet surface, thus, poor heat transfer.

Prof. RAVI KUMAR

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Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering
 The End

Prof. RAVI KUMAR

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Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering