Indeks Bias

% V/V V Air V Ethanol V total Indeks Bias (N) x

1.3700
0 25 0 25 1.3325 0
1.3650
0.05 23.75 1.25 25 1.3341 0.016033
1.3600
0.1 22.5 2.5 25 1.3394 0.033254
1.3550
0.2 20 5 25 1.3423 0.071836
1.3500
0.25 18.75 6.25 25 1.3456 0.093542
1.3450
0.5 12.5 12.5 25 1.3554 0.236399
1.3400
0.75 6.25 18.75 25 1.3622 0.48153
1.3350
1 0 25 25 1.3605 1
1.3300
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

Refractive indices of ethanol solutions at 20 °C, 589.29 nm

concentra
tion n
Mol (basis 100 g) X (fraksi
% w/w etanol air etanol) MM(g/mol
0 1.3330 0 5.5508435062 0 Etanol 46.069
2 1.3342 0.043413 5.4398266361 0.007917 Air 18.01528
4 1.3354 0.086826 5.3288097659 0.016033
6 1.3367 0.130239 5.2177928958 0.024353
8 1.3381 0.173653 5.1067760257 0.032886
10 1.3395 0.217066 4.9957591556 0.041641 Literatur
12 1.3410 0.260479 4.8847422854 0.050625 1.3700
14 1.3425 0.303892 4.7737254153 0.059849
1.3600
16 1.3440 0.347305 4.6627085452 0.069322
18 1.3455 0.390718 4.5516916751 0.079054 1.3500
Indeks Bias (N)

20 1.3469 0.434131 4.4406748049 0.089056

1.3400
22 1.3484 0.477545 4.3296579348 0.099339
24 1.3498 0.520958 4.2186410647 0.109916 1.3300
26 1.3511 0.564371 4.1076241946 0.120799 1.3200
28 1.3524 0.607784 3.9966073244 0.132001
30 1.3535 0.651197 3.8855904543 0.143537 1.3100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6
32 1.3546 0.69461 3.7745735842 0.155422
x (fraksi mol
34 1.3557 0.738023 3.6635567141 0.167672
36 1.3566 0.781437 3.552539844 0.180305
38 1.3575 0.82485 3.4415229738 0.193337
40 1.3583 0.868263 3.3305061037 0.20679
42 1.3590 0.911676 3.2194892336 0.220683
44 1.3598 0.955089 3.1084723635 0.235037
46 1.3604 0.998502 2.9974554933 0.249878
48 1.3610 1.041915 2.8864386232 0.26523
50 1.3616 1.085329 2.7754217531 0.281119
52 1.3621 1.128742 2.664404883 0.297574
54 1.3626 1.172155 2.5533880128 0.314627
56 1.3630 1.215568 2.4423711427 0.33231
58 1.3634 1.258981 2.3313542726 0.350658
60 1.3638 1.302394 2.2203374025 0.369711
62 1.3641 1.345807 2.1093205323 0.38951
64 1.3644 1.389221 1.9983036622 0.410099
66 1.3647 1.432634 1.8872867921 0.431527
68 1.3650 1.476047 1.776269922 0.453845
70 1.3652 1.51946 1.6652530519 0.47711
72 1.3654 1.562873 1.5542361817 0.501385
74 1.3655 1.606286 1.4432193116 0.526737
76 1.3657 1.649699 1.3322024415 0.553237
78 1.3657 1.693113 1.2211855714 0.580968
80 1.3658 1.736526 1.1101687012 0.610015
82 1.3657 1.779939 0.9991518311 0.640475
84 1.3656 1.823352 0.888134961 0.672455
86 1.3655 1.866765 0.7771180909 0.706069
88 1.3653 1.910178 0.6661012207 0.741448
90 1.3650 1.953591 0.5550843506 0.778734
92 1.3646 1.997004 0.4440674805 0.818085
94 1.3642 2.040418 0.3330506104 0.859678
96 1.3636 2.083831 0.2220337402 0.903709
98 1.3630 2.127244 0.1110168701 0.9504
100 1.3614 2.170657 0 1
Indeks Bias
Literatur
1.3700

1.3600

1.3500

Indeks bias (N)

1.3400

1.3300

1.3200
0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
1.3100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
% w/w

Densitas(g/mL)
0.7893
0.997 Fraksi
1.365
1.36
1.355
Literatur
1.35
1.345
1.34
1.335
1.33
1.325
1.32
1.315
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

x (fraksi mol etanol)
100 120

0.8 1 1.2
 x V Air V Ethanol V total Indeks Bias (N)
0 25 0 25 1.3325 1.3325
0.05 21.36 3.64 25 1.34 1.34
0.1 18.37 6.63 25 1.3475 1.3475
0.2 13.84 11.16 25 1.3564 1.3564
0.25 12.05 12.95 25 1.3591 1.3591
0.5 5.9 19.1 25 1.3629 1.3629 Chart T
0.75 2.34 22.66 25 1.3642 1.3642 1.37
1 0 25 25 1.3625 1.3605
1.36
MM(g/molDensitas(g/mL)
Etanol 46.069 0.7893 1.35
Air 18.01528 0.997
1.34

1.33

1.32

1.31
0 0.2 0.4 0.6
 Chart Title

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

 Temperatur
Indeks Bias Bottom
Celcius Kelvin
t (menit) Td Tb Td Tb Trata Nd Nb P ethanol*
5 74.2 83.5 347.35 356.65 352.00 1.3315 1.3394 124.6287923
10 74.7 83.6 347.85 356.75 352.30 1.3346 1.3394 125.1080072
15 75.7 87.4 348.85 360.55 354.70 1.3346 1.338 144.4922278
20 75.8 89.5 348.95 362.65 355.80 1.3389 1.3367 156.2356653
25 72.5 85 345.65 358.15 351.90 1.3421 1.3362 131.9800821
30 56.3 81.9 329.45 355.05 342.25 1.3447 1.3359 117.1671708
35 73 88.8 346.15 361.95 354.05 1.3455 1.3352 152.2361584
40 72.1 88.3 345.25 361.45 353.35 1.3493 1.3352 149.4318004
45 75.9 91 349.05 364.15 356.60 1.3487 1.335 165.1006906
50 60 85.4 333.15 358.55 345.85 1.3500 1.335 134.0003281
55 76.7 92.5 349.85 365.65 357.75 1.3521 1.3352 174.3794353

T min. T max
A B C
mmhg °C °C
Water 7.96681 1730.63 233.426 1 100
Water 8.40190 1810.94 244.485 99 374
Ethanol 8.20417 1642.89 230.300 -57 80
Ethanol 7.68117 1332.04 199.200 77 243

bar Name State A B C T1, K T2, K

ETHYL
L 4.923650 1,410.460 208.514 298.20 370.60
ALCOHOL
WATER L 5.109459 1,678.948 228.970 342.80 352.10

ln A B C
KPa Ethanol 16.8958 3795.17 230.918
oC Water 16.3872 3885.7 230.17

x1 y1
[mol/mol] [mol/mol]

0 0
0.016 0.147

0.0315 0.2505

0.06 0.3765

0.0855 0.43

0.1465 0.5005

0.206 0.5415

0.236 0.56

0.3495 0.5945

0.4675 0.641

0.4875 0.6425

0.58 0.689
0.6525 0.725

0.7 0.7495

0.7175 0.768

0.789 0.8111

0.842 0.8488

0.8749 0.8768

0.8967 0.8973

0.9485 0.944

0.9727 0.9692
Bottom Ditillate

P water* αb P ethanol*P water* αd αdb Xd Xb Nmin

54.56214 2.284163 86.26568 37.36858 2.308509 2.296303 0 0.046 Err:502
54.77798 2.283911 88.03913 38.15922 2.307152 2.295502 0.014 0.046 -2.4713
63.52747 2.274484 91.6779 39.78289 2.304456 2.289421 0.014 0.036667 -2.19047
68.84463 2.269395 92.04862 39.94841 2.304187 2.286725 0.042667 0.028 -0.47237
57.87573 2.280405 80.45852 34.78289 2.313164 2.296726 0.064 0.024667 0.196167
51.20447 2.288221 39.73562 16.82939 2.361084 2.324367 0.081333 0.022667 0.588201
67.03244 2.271082 82.13135 35.5272 2.311788 2.291345 0.086667 0.018 0.983007
65.76256 2.272293 79.14095 34.19696 2.314269 2.293185 0.120225 0.018 1.420551
72.86606 2.265811 92.42058 40.11451 2.303919 2.284785 0.113483 0.016667 1.447005
58.78729 2.27941 47.00729 20.00704 2.349537 2.314208 0.12809 0.016667 1.57379
77.08169 2.262268 95.44193 41.46438 2.301781 2.281939 0.151685 0.018 1.760856
 Temperatur
reflux 5:1 Indeks Bias Bottom
Celcius Kelvin
t (menit) Td Tb Td Tb T rata Nd Nb P ethanol*P water*
5 77.4 85.8 350.55 358.95 354.75 1.357 1.34 136.0463 59.71084
10 84 88.7 357.15 361.85 359.50 1.3617 1.337 151.6718 66.77684
15 84.5 90.7 357.65 363.85 360.75 1.3615 1.337 163.2951 72.04647
20 83 91.4 356.15 364.55 360.35 1.362 1.337 167.534 73.97094
25 74 90.4 347.15 363.55 355.35 1.361 1.336 161.5059 71.23458
30 59.2 87.7 332.35 360.85 346.60 1.361 1.3355 146.1234 64.26533
35 48.1 86 321.25 359.15 340.20 1.361 1.334 137.079 60.17715
40 78.3 91.6 351.45 364.75 358.10 1.3615 1.335 168.7617 74.5286
45 85.8 92.7 358.95 365.85 362.40 1.362 1.335 175.6487 77.65883
50 87.7 93 360.85 366.15 363.50 1.362 1.334 177.5668 78.5313
55 73.4 90.4 346.55 363.55 355.05 1.361 1.334 161.5059 71.23458

x1 y1
[mol/mol] [mol/mol] Xf y x
0 0 0.117101 0.117101 0.073465 0
0.016 0.147 0 0.117101 1 0.440789 0.440789 1
0.0315 0.2505 0.5 0.9
0.06 0.3765 1
0.8
0.0855 0.43
0.7
0.1465 0.5005
0.6
0.206 0.5415 ln P(Kpa) A B C
0.5
0.236 0.56 Ethanol 16.8958 3795.17 230.918
0.4
0.3495 0.5945 Water 16.3872 3885.7 230.17
0.4675 0.641 0.3
0.4875 0.6425 0.2
0.58 0.689 0.1
0.6525 0.725 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3
0.7 0.7495

0.7175 0.768

0.789 0.8111

0.842 0.8488

0.8749 0.8768

0.8967 0.8973

0.9485 0.944

0.9727 0.9692
Bottom Ditillate

αb P ethanol*P water* αd αdb Xd Xb Nmin

2.278419 98.15309 42.6767 2.299922 2.289145 0.211111 0.05 0.963584 0
2.271324 127.0403 55.64851 2.282905 2.277107 0.421053 0.03 2.837189 0.918919
2.266524 129.4905 56.75297 2.281652 2.274076 0.407895 0.03 2.777413 0.932432
2.264862 122.2556 53.4936 2.285425 2.27512 0.440789 0.03 2.939185 0.898649
2.267239 85.56475 37.05621 2.309053 2.288051 0.375 0.023333 2.89445 0.966216
2.273752 45.34635 19.2799 2.352002 2.312546 0.375 0.02 3.03292 0.966216
2.277924 26.94823 11.28443 2.38809 2.332357 0.375 0.01 3.822759 0.966216
2.264389 101.7334 44.27912 2.297547 2.280908 0.407895 0.016667 3.493065 0.932432
2.261799 136.0463 59.71084 2.278419 2.270093 0.440789 0.016667 3.683436 0.898649
2.261096 146.1234 64.26533 2.273752 2.267415 0.440789 0.01 4.322435 0.898649
2.267239 83.49056 36.13229 2.310691 2.288862 0.375 0.01 3.932396 0.966216

McCabe-Thiele
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
 Temperatur
reflux 3:1 Indeks Bias Bottom
Celcius Kelvin
t (menit) Td Tb Td Tb T rata Nd Nb P ethanol*P water*
5 77 85.6 350.15 358.75 354.45 1.3615 1.34 135.0201 59.24755
10 79.5 87.5 352.65 360.65 356.65 1.362 1.35 145.0343 63.77263
15 84.3 89.9 357.45 363.05 360.25 1.362 1.338 158.56 69.89843
20 87.2 92.2 360.35 365.35 362.85 1.362 1.3365 172.4899 76.22268
25 81.5 91.4 354.65 364.55 359.60 1.3615 1.335 167.534 73.97094
30 80 91.1 353.15 364.25 358.70 1.3625 1.334 165.7062 73.14098
35 79.3 91 352.45 364.15 358.30 1.3615 1.334 165.1007 72.86606
40 78.8 91.1 351.95 364.25 358.10 1.361 1.3345 165.7062 73.14098
45 79.1 90.9 352.25 364.05 358.15 1.3625 1.334 164.497 72.592
50 82.5 91.4 355.65 364.55 360.10 1.3625 1.335 167.534 73.97094
55 83.2 91.5 356.35 364.65 360.50 1.363 1.335 168.1469 74.24933

x1 y1
[mol/mol] [mol/mol] Xf y x
0 0 0.117101 0.117101 0
0.016 0.147 0 0.117101 1
0.0315 0.2505 0.5
0.06 0.3765 1
0.0855 0.43

0.1465 0.5005

0.206 0.5415 ln A B C
0.236 0.56 Ethanol 16.8958 3795.17 230.918
0.3495 0.5945 Water 16.3872 3885.7 230.17
0.4675 0.641

0.4875 0.6425

0.58 0.689

0.6525 0.725

0.7 0.7495

0.7175 0.768

0.789 0.8111

0.842 0.8488

0.8749 0.8768

0.8967 0.8973

0.9485 0.944

0.9727 0.9692
Bottom Ditillate

αb P ethanol*P water* αd αdb Xd Xb Nmin

2.278914 96.59607 41.98035 2.300983 2.289922 0.407895 0.05 2.104054
2.27424 106.6766 46.49415 2.294408 2.284302 0.440789 0.12809 1.033744
2.268435 128.5057 56.309 2.282153 2.275284 0.440789 0.036667 2.686359
2.262973 143.4132 63.03951 2.274973 2.268965 0.440789 0.026667 3.100153
2.264862 115.3612 50.39272 2.289244 2.27702 0.407895 0.016667 3.502379
2.265573 108.7947 47.44418 2.29311 2.2793 0.473684 0.01 4.449608
2.265811 105.839 46.11864 2.294929 2.280324 0.407895 0.01 4.122353
2.265573 103.7692 45.19101 2.296236 2.280853 0.375 0.013333 3.600378
2.266048 105.007 45.74568 2.295451 2.280702 0.473684 0.01 4.445542
2.264862 119.9203 52.44267 2.286693 2.275751 0.473684 0.016667 3.830509
2.264625 123.2003 53.91889 2.28492 2.27475 0.519231 0.016667 4.054933
 Komposisi
Fraksi mol
etanol di feed Reflux
(Zf) ratio Xd Xb αd,b Mc. Cabe Fenske
Total
1:3
1:5