Performance Metrics Enhancement of Patch

Antennas with Meta-material Lens Incorporation

Amol Baviskar∗ , Afshan Mulla† , Jaypal Baviskar‡ and Shivraj Rathod§
∗ Om Gurudev College of Engineering, Aghai (University of Mumbai), India† ‡ IEEE Member § VJTI, Mumbai
∗ amolbaviskar222@gmail.com, ‡ afshan.m.mulla@ieee.org, ‡ jaypal.j.baviskar@ieee.organd § rathod.shivraj@gmail.com

Abstract—This paper emphasizes on improving the efficacy in Table I. The row one (parameter row) represents: 1: Single Patch,

of patch antennas with meta-material lens embedding. Antenna 2: Single Patch with meta-material, 3: Patch Array, 4: Patch Array with meta-material, *Eff.: Efficiency
performance is described in terms of various performance metrics
viz. efficiency, gain, directivity, main lobe and power radiation
level and bandwidth. For enhancing these parameters Meta-
materials (MMs) are used as an uniform flat lens along with the
antenna. For analysis purpose, a patch antenna & its array of
2×2 is designed for 3.5 GHz (popularly used as Worldwide Inter-
operability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) band) frequency and
simulated using CST software. The performance evaluation of
these antennas with and without the meta-material is illustrated.
Incorporation of the meta-material lens with array enhances the
gain (20.34%), directivity (11.584%), bandwidth (1.0052%). It
also strengthens the main lobe level (20.50%) and improves the Fig. 1. a)Designed Patch Antenna b) 3.5 GHz Patch with MM Lens c) Array
power radiation (1.65 W, 3.125%). Hence, results in improvement of 3.5 GHz patches with MM Lens
of efficiency of the system with 4.478%.
Keywords - Patch Antenna, meta-materials (MMs), meta- TABLE I
material lens, 3.5 GHz, , WiMAX, CST, gain, bandwidth C OMPARATIVE A NALYSIS OF P ERFORMANCE M ETRICS
I. I NTRODUCTION
The Meta-material (MM) is defined as an artificially de- Parameter 1 2 3 4
Gain (dB) 4.678 6.018 8.283 9.087
signed material lying in the III quadrant and having several
Directivity (dBi) 5.298 6.743 9.358 9.844
unique properties such as Backward Wave Propagation (BWP), Angular width (Deg.) 95.5 80.7 68.0 61.8
negative () and (µ), normally which are not found in nature. Return Loss (dB) -22.688 -22.34 -23.371 -18.577
A proper combination of Split Ring Resonator (SRR) and Main Lobe (dB) 4.68 5.95 8.28 9.09
Side Lobe (dB) -9.20 -5.60 -14.90 -21.80
wire can be constructed to behave like a unit cell of MM Bandwidth (MHz) 157.46 171.31 181.89 219.07
wherein wire can provide -() and SRR can provide -(µ). The Bandwidth (%) 4.499 4.895 5.197 6.259
MM encompasses unique properties to enhance the antenna Radiation *Eff. (%) 71.598 84.62 77.45 84.00
performance. This paper illustrates the incorporation of MM Total *Eff. (%) 69.855 84.04 77.45 81.928
lens in antenna designing. The MM lens is used with 3.5 GHz
patch antenna and its array and dedicatedly designed to radiate Fig. 4a demonstrates the improvement in radiation & total
at 3.4-3.6 GHz band applicable as WiMAX band, accommo- efficiency when MM lens is incorporated in single patch and
dating all its channels and providing required bandwidth of in an array. Similarly, rate of increase can be observed from
200MHz. fig. 4b which depicts gain, directivity and main lobe level. In
this case only return loss is hampered by 2-3 dB (refer fig. 6c)
II. P ERFORMANCE A NALYSIS OF MM L ENS
which is acceptable. MM lens focuses the radiation in desired
I NCORPORATED PATCH A NTENNA
direction; hence increases the directivity of radiation which
The designed Micro-strip Patch antenna is depicted in Fig. can be observed from fig. 5a. Incorporation of MM lens has
1a. Whereas, fig. 1b and 1c shows the single patch and patch also enhanced the radiated power level significantly (refer fig.
array with MM lens respectively. FR-4 lossy material is used 5b). The microstrip patch antennas are inherently narrow band
as dielectric substrate having height of 3mm, dielectric con- antennas and embedding MM lens, also helps to enhance the
stant of 4.3 & loss tangent of 0.025. The designing formulas bandwidth. It is enhanced by 1%.
are provided in [1], [2]. A 2×2 element array of 3.5 GHz
patch antenna with a 10 × 10 × 3 unit cell uniform flat MM III. C ONCLUSION
lens is designed. Fig.2 & 3 depicts (a) polar plot, (b) 3D The paper provides performance analysis of 3.5 GHz Meta-
plot (c) Power Radiation plot and (d) Return loss graph for material lens embedded patch antenna. It proves the domi-
3.5 GHz patch antenna without and with meta-material lens nance of MM lens and analysis the polar plot, 3D radiation
respectively. The antenna performance metrics are tabulated plot, power radiation and S parameter magnitude plot. It can be

978-1-5090-2886-3/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE 1973 AP-S 2016

 Fig. 2. Performance analysis of patch antenna without meta-material lens a) Polar Plot b) 3D Radiation Plot c) Power Radiation Plot d) S Parameter

Fig. 3. Performance analysis of patch antenna with meta-material lens a) Polar Plot b) 3D Radiation Plot c) Power Radiation Plot d) S Parameter

Fig. 4. Performance analysis of antenna parameters with and without meta-material a) Efficiency b) Gain, Directivity & Main lobe level c) Return loss

Fig. 5. Performance analysis of antenna parameters with and without meta-material a) Angular Width b) Power Radiation level c) Bandwidth (%)

concluded that the incorporation of MM lens enhances antenna R EFERENCES

gain, directivity, strengthen the main lobe & power radiation
in desired frequency band and hence increases the antenna
efficacy.
[1] J. Pendry, et. al, “Extremely Low Frequency Plasmons in Metallic
Mesostructure,” Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 76, No. 25, pp. 4773-4776,1996
[2] Baviskar, J.; et. al, “Meta-material Embedded Designing of 2.4 GHz
Patch Array Antenna for Wireless Communication”,ICCICT, 2015, In-
ternational Conference on, vol., no., pp.1,6, 15-17 Jan. 2015

1974