THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT TRANSFER

LABORATORY EXERCISE

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. MARVIN T. VALENTIN
MAGTINO, Gail S.

1. The pressure gage on a 2.5-m³ oxygen tank reads 500 kPa. Determine the amount of oxygen in
the tank if the temperature is 28°C and the atmospheric pressure is 97 kPa.

Solution:
Step 1.
Given:
Volume of the tank, V= 2.5 m³
Pressure of air in the tank,Pgage = 500 kPa
Temperature of oxygen in the tank, T= 28 °C= 301 K
Atmospheric pressure, Patm = 97 kPa

Step 2.
At specified conditions, oxygen behaves as an ideal gas.
The gas constant of oxygen is R= 0.2598 kJ/kg K

P=Pgage +Patm

=500 kPa + 97 kPa

P= 597 kPa
The amount of oxygen is determined from:
PV= mRT
PV
m=
RT
(597 kPa)(2.5 m3 )
=
(0.2598 kj⁄kg K)(301 kPa)

m= 19.08 kg
2. A 400-L rigid tank contains 5kg of air at 25°C. Determine the reading on the pressure gage if
the atmospheric pressure is 97 kPa.

Solution:
Step1
Given:
Volume of the tank, V= 400-L= 0.4 m³
Mass of air in tank, m= 5 kg
Temperature of air in tank, T= 25 °C= 298 K
Atmospheric pressure, Patm = 97 kPa

Step2.
At specified conditions, air behaves as an ideal gas.
The gas constant of air is R= 0.287 kJ/kg K
Treating air as an ideal gas, the absolute pressure in the tank is determined from:

mRT
P=
V
(5 kg)(0.287 kPa∙m³⁄kg∙K)(298 K)
=
0.4 m³

P=1069.1 kPa

Step 3.
Thus the pressure gage is:

Pgage = P－Patm

= 1069.1 kPa－97 kPa

𝐏𝐠𝐚𝐠𝐞 = 972.1 kPa

3. A 1-m³ tank containing air at 25 °C and 500 kPa is connected through a valve to another tank
containing 5 kg of air at 35 °C and 200 kPa. Now the valve is opened, and the entire system is
allowed to reach thermal equilibrium with the surroundings, which are at 25 °C. Determine the
volume of the second tank and the final equilibrium pressure of air.

Solution:
Given: Volume of tank A, VA = 1 m³
Temperature of air in tank A, TA = 25 °C=298 K
Pressure of air in tank A, PA = 500 kPA
Mass of air in tank B, mB = 35°C=308 K
Pressure of air in tank B, PB = 200 kPa
Surrounding temperature, Tsurr = 20°C=293 K

Assuming, at given conditions air behaves as ideal gas.

For air, gas constant R= 0.287 kJ/kmol K
From ideal gas equation, mass of air in tank A is determined by:

PA VA
mA =
RTA

(500 kPa)(1 m3 )
=
(0.287kJ⁄kmol K)(298 K)

𝐦𝐀 = 5.846 kg

Volume of tank B can be determined from:

mB RTB
VB =
PB

(5 kg)(0.287kJ⁄kmol K)(308 K)
=
200 kPa

𝐕𝐁 = 2.21 m³

Now, when the valve is opened.

Total volume, V= 𝑉𝐴 +𝑉𝐵 = 1 m³+2.21 m³= 3.21 m³
Total mass of air, m= 𝑚𝐴 +𝑚𝐵 = 5 kg +5.846 kg= 10.846 kg
The final equilibrium pressure (P) can be obtained from the ideal gas equation applied to the
total volume,
Therefore,

mRTsurr
P=
V
(10.846 kg)(0.287kJ⁄kmol K)(293 K)
=
3.21 m³

P= 284.13 kPa
4. The pressure in an automobile tire depends on the temperature of the air in the tire. When the
air temperature is 25 °C, the pressure gage reads 210 kPa. If the volume of the tire is 0.025 m³,
determine the pressure rise in the tire when the air temperature in the tire rises to 50 °C. also,
determine the amount of air that must be bled off to store pressure to its original value at this
temperature. Assume the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa.

Solution:
Step 1.
Given:
Initial air temperature, T1 = 25°C= 298 K
Initial gage pressure, Pgage = 210 kPa
Volume of the tire, V= 0.025 m³
Final temperature, T2 = 50 °C= 323 K
Atmospheric pressure, Patm = 100 kPa

Step 2.
Assuming,at a given condition air behaves as an ideal gas.
Initially the absolute pressure in the tire is, P1 =Pgage +Patm = 210 kPa+100 kPa= 310 kPa

From the ideal gas equation, we have:

P1 V1= mRT1------(1)
P2 V2 = mRT2-----(2)

Assuming the volume of the tire remains constant:

V1 =V2
From equations (1) and (2), eliminating m and R, we can write,
P1 P2
=
T1 T2

P 1 T2
Therefore, P2 =
T1
 (310 kPa)(323 K)
=
298 K

𝐏𝟐 = 336 kPa
Therefore, pressure rise ∆P= P2 − P1
= 336 kPa – 310 kPa
∆P= 26 kPa
Step 3.
At T= 323 K and P= 336 kPa
Mass of air in the tire can be obtained from:
PV
m1 =
RT
For air, gas constant R= 0.287 kJ/kg K
(336 𝑘𝑃𝑎)(0.025 𝑚3 )
Therefore, m1 = 0.287 𝑘𝑗 ⁄𝑘𝑔 𝐾

𝐦𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟎𝟔 𝐤𝐠
Step 4.
At T= 323 K and P= 310 kPa
Mass of air in the tire is given by
PV
m2 =
RT
(310 kPa)(0.025 m3 )
Therefore, m2 =
(0.287 kJ⁄kg K)(323 K)

m2 = 0.0836 kg
The amount of air that must be bled off to restore pressure to its original value is,
∆m=m1 − m2
=0.0906 kg – 0.0836 kg
∆𝐦= 0.0070 kg