School of Engineering

Jonsson Engineering Center

ENGR 2600 Modeling and Analysis of Uncertainty

Instructor: Dr. Uwe Kruger (BME, JEC7048) Fifth Homework

Question 1 – Semiconductor Manufacturing Process:

For quality control purposes of the daily production of wafers in a semiconductor manufacturing process, three
wafers are taken at random (without replacement) and tested. The result of the test is that each wafer either
passes or fails. Assuming the probability of a wafer to pass the test is 0.9 and that the outcome of a test is
independent to the outcome of other tests:

a) define a random variable 𝑋 for the manufacturing problem and each value 𝑋 can take;
b) determine the probability mass function of the random variable 𝑋, i.e. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥);
c) determine the cumulative distribution function of the random variable 𝑋, i.e. 𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 𝑥); and
d) sketch the cumulative distribution function, i.e. 𝐹(𝑥) vs. 𝑥.

Question 2 – Mechanical Device:

A device consists of three mechanical components. From historic data records, it was estimated that:

 95% of all manufactured first components;

 97% of all manufactured second components; and
 99% of all manufactured third components

meet their specification. It can be assumed that the three components that make up the devices are selected
randomly, i.e. whether the first component is on-spec is independent of whether the second and/or third
component is on-spec and so on. Let the random variable 𝑋 be the number of components in the assembly that
are on-spec:

a) determine the probability mass function of the random variable 𝑋, i.e. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥);
b) determine and cumulative distribution function of the random variable 𝑋, i.e. 𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 𝑥); and
c) present the results in the form of a table.

Question 3 – Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere:

Trees are subjected to different levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere with 6% of trees in a minimal growth
condition at 350 parts per million (ppm), 10% of trees at 450 ppm (slow growth), 47% at 550 ppm (moderate
growth) and 37% at 650 ppm (rapid growth). What is the mean and standard deviation of the carbon dioxide (in
ppm) for these trees?
Question 4 – Wavelengths Distribution:

Assume that the wavelengths of photosynthetically active radiations (PAR) are uniformly distributed at integer
nanometers in the red spectrum from 675 to 700 nm.

a) What is the mean and variance of the wavelength distribution for this radiation?
b) If wavelengths are uniformly distributed at integer nanometers 75 to 100 nanometers, how does the
mean and variance of the wavelength distribution compare to that calculated in Part a). Provide and
explanation of your findings.

Question 5 – Product consisting of Integrated Circuits:

For a product that consists of 30 integrated circuits, each of which has to operate for the product to work. Each
of the circuits has a 1% probability of being defective. For one product, for which each of the integrated
circuits are selected at random, i.e. whether the ith circuit works is not dependent on whether the jth circuit
functions, what is the probability that it works?